.AAA.

Ab, at the present time, now, just now, nowadays. 2. at an immediate past or future time (extension of the present): recently, presently, shortly, from now on.

Aabaad, adj. 1. settled (as a colony, a town); under cultivation (land). 2. prosperous, flourishing; full, abundant. 3. inhabited, populous. ~ karnaa, to settle, to found; to cultivate (land); to build up (as a town, or a couple); to cause (the heart) to rejoice. ~ rahnaa, to be flourishing, or prosperous. ~ honaa, = ~ rahnaa; to be occupied (a house); to have the prospect of children (a family).

-aabaad, suffix (forms place names of settlements, eg. made populous by Allaah: Allahabad)

Abhii [H. ab + hii], adv. at this particular time; now, just now, immediately; yet, still. ~ kaa, adj. & adv. recent, contemporary; immediately. ~ tak, adv. up till the present moment; as of this moment. ~ to, adv. as of now, as yet. ~ se, adv. from now onwards, starting now. Main ~ aayaa thaa, I had just arrived; I had already arrived. ~ - ~, adv. just recently, just (right) now.Abhii to, adv. as of now, as yet (p50)

Abhi-bhuut, adj, defeated; in subjection; overwhelmed

Abhi-maan, m. 1. pride. 2. unjustifiable pride ; arrogance, vanity, conceit. ~ karnaa, to behave proudly

Abhi-maanii, adj. & m. 1. adj. proud. 2. arrogant…3. a proud person. 4. an arrogant person.

Abhy-aas [S], m. throwing towards, adding : 1. practice; drill, repetition; repeated reading, study, study. 2. habit. 3. familiarity (with/kaa). 4. mil. Manoeuvres; an exercise

Acchaa, adj. 1. good; excellent; pleasant; fine, nice; healthy (climate, locality). 2. serviceable; useful. 3. sound; healthy, well; fit; recovered. 4. genuine; unadulterated; of quality. 5. virtuous; kind, benevolent, humane; well-behaved. 6. skillful (in or at/mein). 7. proper, suitable, fitting; favourable, propitious; matching (as colours). 8. fortunate; prosperous; happy. 9. adv. Well; very well etc.10. m. pl. the good: senior or distinguished men; forefathers. 11. interj. good! very good! well! oh! is that so? all right! P 16

Aa-cchaadit [S.], adj. covered; shaded; protected. 2. concealed

A-cal [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. not moving; not able to move. 2. immovable; firm; fixed. 3. changeless; constant. 4. m. a mountain.

Acaanak, adv. Suddenly; unexpectedly; by chance, inadvertently

1

Aa-caar [S], m. 1. manner of life; conduct, behaviour; good or virtuous conduct. 2. custom, usage; tradition. 3. rite, ceremony. 4. interchange (as of letters)

Aa-caraṇ [S], m. 1. conduct, behaviour. 2. custom, usage; rule or norm of conduct. 3. religious observance

Aa-caaryă [S], m. a spiritual preceptor or guide. 2. a founder, or leader of a sect. 3. (esp. as a title) a man of distinguished learning; a senior professor; principal, &c.

Aa-caaryaa [S], f. 1. a spiritual preceptress or guide…2. the wife of an aacaarya.

Adab, m. 1. good manners, politeness; civility; urbanity. 2. belles-lettres. ~ karnaa, to show deference or respect (to/kaa). ~ dikhaanaa, id. ~se, adv. politely; respectfully.

Aa-dar [S], m. 1. respect, esteem; honour; reverence. 2. respectful treatment; notice, attention; deference.

Aadat, f. 1. habit. 2. manner; knack. 3. custom

Aadhaa: half

Aa-dhaar [S], m. 1. base, foundation. 2. basis; premise. ~ par: on the basis (of/ke). 3. support, prop; object (as of remark); fig. supporter, patron. 4. a hollow (for water) made round the foot of a tree; water-channel.

Aadhi- pref. above (from adhi) Aadhidaivik a. supernatural, arising from divine agency.adhiSTHaataa AiQaYzata presiding deity (not in dico)

Adhik [S.], adj. 1. increased, exceeding; more (than “se”); many; much; very much, or many; great; abundant. 2. excessive; too much, too many. 3. additional. ~se~ at most. Aur ~ , adj. still more p25

Adhikătar [S], adj. 1. greater, preponderant; very many or much, &c. 2. adv. To a great extent; much; frequently; usually. ~ log, m. pl. most of the people (involved).

Adhuuraa, adj. 1. incomplete, unfinished; imperfect, not fully formed; immature (a foetus; an adolescent; a plant). 2. ineffective

Adhy-ayan [S], m. 1. reading. *2. study p28

Aadi, m. & adj. 1. m. beginning; origin. 2. adj. first, prior; primary; original. 3. primeval; early; primitive. 4. pre-eminent. 5. in comp. beginning with, and so on. 6. adv. Etcetera

Aadii, adj. 1. accustomed (to/ka). 2. habitual

2

Aafat, f. 1. misfortune; disaster; trouble, turmoil. 2. hardship, misery

Age , adv. 1. in front, out in front; ahead; further, further on. 2. confronting; opposite; in view, in sight. 3. in the future; again, in future. 4. next (time or place); afterwards, later. 5. previously, first; already; formerly. . furthermore. 7. (“ke/se”) in front, out in front (of)…p81 Advanced

Agya*: as you command. See aa-jñaa

Aham [aham, aham-], pron. 1. the self, the ego 2. m. egoismAhamkaar, m. sense of self, egoism; pride; arrogance; self-respect

Aisaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. of this sort. 2. m. such a thing (as this). 3. ppn. like. 4. adv. In this way

A-jar [S], adj. not subject to age or decay; unchanging; ever young

Aa-jiivan [S], adj. lifelong.

Aa-jñaa [S], f. 1. command, order; rule, sway, writ. 2. commandment, precept. 3. permission, leave.

Ajuubaa [A ujuuba], adj. inv. & m. 1. adj. wonderful. 2. m. a miracle. 3. object, or person, of great interest or admiration.

Aak [arka-], m. swallow-wort, Calotropis gigantean (a medicinal plant = madaar)

Aa-kaaṅkṣaa [S], f. 1. wish, desire; ambition. 2. intention. 3. hope, expectation.

Aa-kaar [S], m. 1. appearance. 2. form, shape; a statue. 3. expression (of the features). 4. type; way, manner. 5. size; bulk. 6. format (of a book)

Akarta: The One who accomplishes actions, but is totally detached from the fruit of those actions, from those actions, as if He was not doing any actions. Yes, this is the correct meaning, Baba gives this clarification.

Aakarsaṇ [S], m. 1. attracting, attraction. 2. attractiveness, charm

Aa-karsit [S], adj. drawn, attracted; fascinated.

Akartavyă see Kartavyă unworthy, irresponsible

A-kaatyaa, adj. incontrovertible.

A-khaṇḍ [S], adj 1. unbroken, undivided, entire; unlimited. 2. uninterrupted, continuous. 3. indivisible, indestructible.

3

A-khaṇḍătaa [S], f. wholeness, entirety; integrity.

Akhbaar: newspaper

Akhiir, adv. – aakhir

Aakhir, adj. & m. 1. adj. last, final; latter. *2. adv. finally, at last; eventually; in the end, after all. 3. m. end. 4. outcome. P79

Aakhirii, adj. 1. last, final, having to do with the end; latter. 2. final, irrevocable

Aksar, adv. 1. usually. 2. for the most part, generally. 3. often. ~ karke, adv. = ~

A-ksar [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. imperishable; unchangeable. 2. m. a character of a syllabary or other writing system; a syllable; letter. 3. pl. a writing system, syllabary, alphabet…~-shodhan, m. proof-reading….p11

Akṣoni/akṣohiṇii [ad. akṣauhiṇii-], f. an army

Akṣauhiṇii (AL) 1. army consisting of 1,09,350 foot-soldiers, 65,610 horses, 21,870 chariots and 21,870 elephants. 2. vast army, legion

A-kṣem [S], m& adj. 1. m. misfortune. 2. adj. unfortunate, wretched.

A-ksunn, adj. unbroken; continuing.

Alag alag prakar: different types

Alankaar, m. 1. ornament, embellishment. 2. rhet. An ornament of sound or sense; figure of speech. 3. a decoration (military, civil)

Aalasyă [S], m. 1. laziness. 2. inactivity, inertia; drowsiness.

Alaavaa [A.ilaava], adv. (as ppn. often inverted.)sg laid on top: 1. in addition (to/ke), over and above. 2. apart (from); moreover.

Aalay, m. esp. in comp. house, abode, place

Albelaa, adj. 1. charming, beautiful, handsome. 2. showy (in dress, manner). 3. strange, odd.Albelaapan [cf. H. albelaa], m. charm, &c

Algaav [cf. H. alag, algaanaa], m. 1. separate state. 2. detachment, aloofness. 3. apathy. 4. alienation (from/se). 5. segregation; isolation. (algaanaa = alag karnaa)

Almast, adj. 1. drunk. 2. lustful. 3. furious, infuriated. 4. mad, crazed. *5. transf. carefree

Alp [S.], adj. 1. small; little (of amount), few; short. 2. insignificant, unimportant.

4

Alpkaalik/ alpkaaliin, adj. short-lived; short-term, temporary

A-mar [S], adj & m. . 1. adj. immortal; eternal. 2. m. a divine being

Amaanat, f. 1. sg. entrusted, deposited or assigned; a deposit; a security. 2. charge, trust, guardianship

Aamdanii, f. 1. income; revenue. 2. proceeds, profit. 3. imports importation

Aṃguuthaa [ańgustha-], m. 1. the thumb. 2. the big toe

Amn [A], m. tranquillity, peace.

A-mogh [S], adj. unerring, unfailing (a stratagem etc.)

Aṃś [S], m. 1. part, portion; Brbh. Part or mwnmber of the body. 2. section, division; group; digit (of the moon). 3. share; inheritance. 4. fin. a share. 5. stake, bet. 6. an amount due, fee. 7. extent, degree. 8. degree (of rotation, temperature). 9. numerator (of a fraction). 10 pith, marrow; substance. 11. strength, vigour

Aanaa, vi. 1. to come; to approach; to arrive; to reach (a place, or point). 2. to enter; to appear. 3. to be acquired (skill, knowledge:by, ko). 4. to be perceived or felt (by/ko: thoughts, emotions). 6. to grow, to develop (as crops, fruit); to come into vogue (a word or usage); to be inflamed (as a boil). 7. to take on a form or a guise. 8. to rise, to overflow. 9. to sit well (on/men), to fit. 10. to beseem, to grace (one/ko). 11. to be intent (on/par). 12. to issue, or to be voided. 13. to be completed, perfected (a dish; a work). 14. to be contained, held (in/men); fig. to be taken in, deceived (by). 15. to be obtained; to be purchased (for a price: men, or ko). 16. m. coming, arrival p 87.

An-abhi-jñă [S], f. unaware, ignorant

An-abhi-jñătaa [S], f. unawareness, ignorance

Anaadi: eternal

Andaaz, m. 1. rough estimate. 2. conjecture, guess. 3. manner, style; gait; gestures. 4. affectation. ~ karnaa or algaanaa (kaa), to estimate; to evaluate; to conjecture.

Andhaa, adj & m. 1. blind. 2. benighted, foolish. 3. hoodwinked, deceived. 4. dim (as a lamp, a room, a bad mirror, or a dry or overgrown well). 5. transf. filled in (a well). 6. a blind man. ~ karnaa, to blind; to blindfold; to trick, to deceive. P 7

Andhăkăr [S], m. 1. darkness. 2. benightedness. Andhăkărmay, adj. dark, etc.

An-honii, sg improbable, or impossible.

5

Aṅg [S.], m. 1. limb, member; organ. 2. the body. 3. part, constituent; branch (of knowledge); genre (of literature); section (of a whole). 4. member (of a society, group). 5. side, aspect (of a question). 6. gram. Base. P2 (ex)

An-ginat, adj.1. uncounted. 2. innumerable.

An-ginaa [cf. H. ginnaa], adj. 1. uncounted. 2. innumerable.

Añjăli [S], f. 1. the hollowed hands placed together and raised to the forehead (in salutation, or entreaty). 2. a double handful p4

Añjaam [P. anjaam], m. end, completion, conclusion. 2. result, upshot. ~ paanaa, to be finished, &c. ~ denaa (ko), to finish, &c; to manage, to carry out (a task)

Aṅk [S], m. 1. a number, a figure. 2. a mark, spot, line; stamp; brand; price-mark. 3. sthg written: a letter, syllable; marginal annotation. 4. number, issue (of a publication). 5. numerical position: place, or mark (as in a class); valuation. 6. act (of a drama). 7. point (in a game). 8. hip (of a mother as when carrying a young child), lap; embrace. 9. the body

Ansh matr: not even a trace

Antaraal, m. & adj. interval; interior; internal, central

Antim [S.], adj. last; final; ultimate.

Aṇu [S], m. & adj. a particle, fragment, tiny amount; speck. 2. an atom. 3. a molecule. 4. adj. minute, microscopic.

Anu-bhav [S], m. 1. perception; consciousness. 2. feeling. *3. experience (of/kaa, se); impression (of)

Anu-bhuuti [S], f. 1. perception. 2. realisation. *3 feeling; sensitivity (of feeling)

Anu-kuul [S], adj. 1. conformable to; in accord with. 2. favourable; helpful. 3. well-disposed. 4. ppn. (w. ke). In accordance (with); according to.

Anu-modan [S], m. 1. approval. 2. encouragement, incitement. 3. seconding (a motion).

Anu-saar, m. conformity to usage: 1. ppn. (w. ke). According, conformably (to); answering (to); following, like. 2. adv. In comp. id. Niyamaanusar, in accordance with rule or habit.

Anu-śaasak [S], m. 1. one in control; governor; administrator. 2. preceptor. 3. proctor.

Anu-śaasan [S], m. 1. control; discipline. 2. control; management. 3. directive, precept

6

Anu-śaasanhiin a. undisciplinedAnu-śaasanhiintaa f. indiscipline

Anu-ṣṭhaan [S], m. carrying out, undertaking (an activity). 2. beginning, inception. 3. observance, rite, practice.

Anyǎ. Adj. other; different

A-ny-aay, m. 1. injustice, wrong. 2. oppression, outrage.A-ny-aayii, adj. & m. 1. adj. unjust, wrong. 2. oppressive; wicked. 3. m. an unjust person. 4. a wrong-doer.

Aa-pădaa [S], f. 1. misfortune, disaster. 2. distress p88

Apă-maan [S], m. 1. disrespect; disparagement; slander. 2. dishonour, disgrace; libel. 3. insult. 4. contempt

Apke agya ho*: if you permit

A-paar [S], adj. 1. shoreless. 2. unbounded; infinite. 3. impassable. 4. unsurpassed, incomparable. 5. excessive.

Aapas [cf.aatman-], f. kindred, brotherhood; intimate groupAapas rehna: to live in harmony; to live as man and wife Aapas me: together

Apnaanaa, vt. 1. to make (a person or thing) one’s own, &c (= apnaa karnaa). 2. to follow, to adopt (an attitude or a course of action)

Apnaapan, m. 1. kinship. 2. affinity, intimacy. 3. self-respect

Apne aap, refl. Pron. oneself; adv. on one’s own, &c. (= aap se aap, aap hii aap)

Aql, f. understanding, good sense; mind; wisdom

A-raajakătaa [S], f. anarchy

Aaraam: confortable

Aṛaanaa, [see arnaa below], vt. 1. to cause to stop, to check; to obstruct. 2. to ram, to thrust (into/men); to push, to shove (against/se). 3. to stop up, toplug, to cork. 4. to jam, to wedge (objects together); to give support to. 5. to use pressure or force; to compel. 6. to suspend, to postpone

Aṛcan, f. obstacles, hindrance, difficulty (in the matter of/mein)

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Aṛnaa, vi. 1. to come to a stop, to stop; to stick. 2. to be obstinate; to jib; to be obstructive. 3. to intervene, to interfere (in/men). 4. to be determined (on/par). 5. to be or to become jammed, locked, wedged, or entangled. 6. to knock, to jostle (against/se). 7. to be in pawn

Arpan, m. 1. delivering, entrusting. 2. placing in or upon. 3. an offering; sacrifice; gift. ~karnaa, to present, to offer (a gift…); to devote (to/ko); to dedicate (to) (voir samarpan).

Arś [A `arś], m. U. 1. highest heaven. 2. throne

Arth [S], m. 1. object, purpose; motive; interest. 2. advantage, profit. *3. sense, meaning. *4. substance, wealth; assets; worldly prosperity; finance, finances; in comp. economy (of a state). 5. gram. mood. 6. (in comp.) for the purpose, or the sake, of. 7. for the sake (of/ke) p 56Arthaat: meaningArth sahit: with meaning

Aarzuu f. wish, desire, longing, craving, yarning (= aarjuu)

Aaśaa [S], f. 1. hope, expectation; prospect. 2. trust, reliance (on/par or kii). 3. wish, desire

Aa-sakti, f. 1. attachment, attraction (to/se). 2. devotion (to); infatuation (with).

Aasaan [P], adj. 1. easy; simple. 2. manageable; convenient

Aasan [S], m. 1. sitting; posture. 2. a seat; mat of cloth, grass or skin (as used to sit on in prayer). 3. place, seat (as of an ascetic). 4. a posture (as in yoga)

A-śaant, adj. not at peace, restless; disturbedA-śaanti, f. 1. restlessness, anxiety; concern. 2. disturbance; disturbed situation

Asar [A], m. footprint: 1. effect. 2. impression; influence. ~ karnaa/paṛnaa (par or mein), to have an effect (on), to be effective

Aasaar, m. 1. tracks, traces. *2. signs, indications; symptoms. 3. relics, monuments. 4. foundation (as of a building). 5. breadth (of a wall).

Aasiin [S], adj. 1. seated. 2. installed, ensconced (in/par); occupying (a post).

Aaśiq, m. loving: a lover. ~ honaa, to be or fall in love (with/par)Aaśiq-maaśuuq, m. pl. lover and beloved, lovers.

Asl, m. f. & adj. 1. m. f. origin, base source. 2. substance, essence; original or real nature. 3. stock, lineage. 4. m. a man of good family. 5. an original (document &c). 6. principal (amount: as opposed to interest).

8

~ mein, adv. In fact; positively, absolutely.

Asliyat, f. 1. reality. 2. essential quality. 3. originality. 4. genuineness; purity.

Aslii, adj. 1. original; primary, basic; primitive; indigenous. 2. real, essential; actual. 3. genuine; unadulterated, pure. 4. inherent, innate.

Aasmaan, m. the sky; the heavens (p98 expressions)

A-sparś [S], m. hind. Non-contact: prohibition of physical contact (of one who has washed, before worship or eating, and of a woman in her period)

A-śraddhaa [S], f. 1. disbelief, want of faith. 2. lack of reverence or esteem.

Aśrafii, , f. var. /aśarfii/. A gold coin formerly current worth variously between sixteen and twenty-five rupees.

A-sthaayii [S], adj. 1. unfixed, impermanent; of short duration. 2. small (works)

Aastiin [P], m. 1. sleeve. 2. cuff.

Astră [S], m. 1. a weapn (esp. any missile: spear, arrow, &c). 2. armament. 3. transf. means, resources.

Aasur [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. pertaining to an evil spirit. 2. m. an evil spirit

Aasuri [cf.aasura-]. Adj. = aasur.

Aaśu [S.], adv. swiftlyAaśuto, adj. easily pleased; ; soon appeased

Aṭaknaa, vi. 1. to be stopped, hindered or checked; to be withheld (as pay). 2. to hesitate, to falter (as in speech). 3. to delay, to linger. 4. to stick, to catch. 5. Brbh. To be caught (by/se). 6. to be fastened, attached (to/men, par). 7. to be entangled, or infatuated (with or by/se); to have an affair (with/se). 8. fig. to be dependent (on/se); to be under the control (of).

Aatam, Brbh. Av. (chiefly in comp.) = aatmaa

Aa-tătaayii [S], m. one whose bow is drawn: 1. one intent on violence: a dangerous criminal (as a murderer, poisoner, incendiary). 2. a tyrant; oppressor

Atǎvaa [S.], conj.or

A-thaah [asthaagha-], adj. & m. 1. adj. bottomless, unplumbed. 2. beyond a man’s depth, unfordable (water, a river). 3. fig. imponderable. 4. a depth, abyss.

9

Arthat Aqaa-t It means fo’okl fnykuk=to reassure] <k<+l ca/kkuk =to comfortBut the Father has given this assurance (aathat) to everyone.

Ati, adj&f. chiefly in comp. 1. adj. very much, very great. 2. excessive. 3. beyond (in point of time or space). 4. excess, immoderateness.

Aty-aa-caar [S], m. 1. transgression (of rules, propriety). 2. excess, outrageous action; atrocity. 3. tyranny

Aticaar, m. 1. trespass 2. defiance 3. violation

Aatmaa p84Aatmaaniṣṭh, adj. concerned with the self (and its relation to the ultimate being); subjective.

Aatmik [S.], adj. 1. having to do with the self, or with the soul. 2. spiritual.

Aughaṛ [cf. H. ghaṛhnaa], adj. 1. misshapen. 2. awkward, ungainly; uncouth. 3. strange

Aulaad [A.: pl of valad], f. children; offspring; descendants

Aur [apara-], conj. & adv. 1. conj. And; moreover. 2. but, still. 3. adv. Besides, additionally; further, again. 4. otherwise, else. 5. adj. other, different. 6. extra, additional. ~ ~, adj. others besides; various, different. ~ ek, adj. another. ~ ka ~, adv. Quite different; quite changed; contrary, reversed. ~ kuch, something different; something further, some more. ~ koii, another, a different; someone else. ~ kahiin, elsewhere. ~ kya, adv. What else? Of course! You know! ~ to ~, adv. Others apart; what of others? ~ bhii, adv. Again, further; still more; furthermore. ~ hii, adj. quite different. ~ hii kuch, sg. quite new, unexampled.Aur ek: anotherAur ka aur: quite different, quite changed, contraryAur kahin: elsewhere

Avă-gaah [S], adj & m. /Avă-gaahan [S], m. Av. 1. adj. deep, bottomless. 2. unattainable. 3. m. bathing. 4. plunge, dive. 5. immersion (as in thought).Avgaahan karnaa v.t. to get immersed, to investigate

Avă-guṇ [S], m. 1.defect, fault. 2. vice

Aa-vaah- [aavaahayati], vt. Brbh. To call, to summon.

Aa-vaahan [S.], m. 1. calling, summons. 2. invitation; an appeal. 3. invocation.

Avă-jñaa [S], m. disregard, disrespect (as for a person, or an order); neglect; contempt.

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Avă-mānătā [S], f. disregard, downgrading (for, of/kii)

Aa-vartan [S], m. 1. turning motion, rotation; turn; return. 2. recurrence.

Avashyǎ, adj. unrestrained, uncontrolled. 2. adv. Necessarily, without doubt; at all costs; without fail. 3. certainly, of course.

Avǎ-sthaa, f. 1. state; condition; circumstances, situation. 2. stage (of life, progress); age.

Aavaaz (f): voice, sound

Aaveg: haste, fit of anger

A-vidyaa [S], f. 1. ignorance. 2. false understanding, error. 3. transf. illiteracy. 4. stupidity

Aa-vRitti [S], f. 1. recurrence, repetition. 2. rehearsing, learning by heart (a lesson, &c.) 3. (new edition of a book)

A-vy-yakt [S], adj. 1. unmanifested; unknown. 2. unclear. 3. imperceptible.

Aayu, f. 1. span of life, age; long life. 2. period of time; term

.BBB.

Baat, f. 1. sg. said, a word, remark; speech, talk, words; conversation; discussion. 2. a matter, topic, subject, concern; fact; thing. 3, news, account; report p722

Bhii, adv. & conj. . encl. 1. also; too. 2. as much as, even. ab ~, even now, still. ek ~ nahin, not even one. 3. besides, additionally; still. 4. furthermore. 5. of any quantity or identity, kuch ~ ho, whatever it may be. 6. by any means, by all mean; at all events. ~ … ~, both … and. To ~, but even so

Aur bhii: moreover, likewiseBhii nahin: not evenKuch kahoo bhii to: please do say something.Cup bhii raho: really shut upBaitho bhii: do sit down

Babuul [babbuula-], m. f. the acacia tree

Bachiyaa, f. 1. a calf (female). 2. colloq. girl, child (term of endearment)

Bacnaa [vacyate], vi. 1. to be saved, to be safe; to escape (to escape (from/se); to survive; to be spared (by fate, illness); to recover. 2. to be left over; to be saved (as money, food).

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3. to turn away (from); to avoid (as error, vice); to avoid (as an unwanted visitor); to keep clear (of:as of vehicles) p697

Bacpan: childhood

Badalnaa [cf. H. badal], vi&t. 1. vi. To change, to be changed; to vary; to be transformed. 2. to be exchanged (for sg else). 3. to be removed; to be transferred; to be transplanted. 4. to change for the worse; to look older; to fade. 5. vt. To change (sg), to alter; to transform; to disguise. 6. to exchange..8. to misrepresent (meaning, intention) p703

Badhaaii, f. 1. congratulation(s). 2. festivity, festivities. 3. congratulatory gift. 4. growth, increase. ~ denaa (ko), to congratulate (one: on/par, ke liye, kii)

Badlaa [cf. A. badal], m. 1. exchange. 2. substitute. 3. recompense; compensation; restitution. 4. return, retaliation; revenge; reprisal. 5. ppn. (w. ke), in exchange or return (for).

Baadśaah m. sovereign, monarch, king; emperor.

Baadśaahat [P], f. 1. sovereign rule, sway. 2. empire, kingdom.

Baadśaahaanaa [P. paadśaahaana], adj. inv. & adv. 1. adj. regal, royal; pertaining to the crown (as land, court); imperial

Badtar: worse

Bagair, adv (ke bagair): without, excluding, except.

Bagar, m. reg. (W.) 1. a house. 2. enclosure for cattle

Bagarnaa, vi. Reg. to spread, to scatter.

Bagulaa, m. = baglaaBaglaa [cf. baka-], m. 1. heron. 2. ? crane. Baglaa-bhagat, m. false devotee, hypocrite (expl why p 697)

Bahaadur, adj & m. 1. adj. brave, bold. 2. m. hero. 3. (affixed to a name) a partic. Honorific title.

Bahaanaa, m. 1. excuse, pretext. 2. evasion, subterfuge. 3. affectation. ~ karnaa, to make an excuse; to sham; to prevaricate. Bhane, adv. under the pretext, &c. (of/ke).

Bahaanaa [cf. H. bahnaa], vt. 1. to cause to flow; to put forth or out; to shed (tears, blood); to express (liquid). 2. to cause to float; to set adrift ( a boat etc.); to launch. 3. to wash away (as dirt , or sin). 4. to sweep away, to ruin (as a reputation). 5. to drive away (clouds). 6. to squander (money). 7. to sell very cheaply.

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Bahnaa [vahati], vi. 1. to flow. 2. to float; to drift; to glide. 3. to overflow (as a tank). 4. to run, or to ooze (as a wound). 5. to melt, to run (as wax). 6. to blow (a wind). 7. Av. To carry. 8. to be carried away; to be separated, dispersed; to fly (in the wind: a kite). 9. to slip, to fall or to fly from place (a piece of clothing). 10. Brbh. to wander, to stray. 11. esp. w. calnaa. to be ruined, depraved. 12. to be squandered (money). 13. to exist no more (an attitude). 14. to become watery; to dissolve.

Bahaar, f. 1. spring. 2. flourishing state; youth; prime. 3. beauty, splendour; elegance. 4. delight. 5. mus. Name of a raaginii

Bahiśt [P. bihiśt], f. paradise. ~ kaa, adj. Fig. delightful, refreshing (as climate, &c.)

Baithnaa, vi. 1. to sit, to sit down. 2. to board, to mount. 3. to brood (a hen) 4. to sink; to decline, to be impaired; to grow hoarse (voice); to founder (as a business). 5. to subside (as a swelling); to settle (a precipitate). 6. to collapse (a building). 7. to grow lukewarm (in support). 8. to take up, to assume occupancy. 9. to be expended (on/par, money). 10. to take part. (in/mein: a class); to sit (an examination) 11. to take root, to grow (a crop). 12. to alight, to settle; to take (as a graft); to take up residence. 13. to sit idle, unemployed. 14. to set (as the sun). 15. to pair, to couple (with/ke saath: animals, birds). 16. to lose quality, taste, flavour etc. 17. to weigh (on a scale etc.); to amount to (in weigh, value). 18. to strike home, or true (a blow, shot). 19. to be placed, to sit (on/par: as a hat). 20. to have force. 21. to become practised (as the hand, in a skill)

Bajnaa, vt. To sound, to resound: 1. to be played (a musical instrument). 2. to be struck (a bell, gong etc.); to be clapped (the hands). 3. to strike (a clock). 4. to be fired, to go off (gun etc.). 5. to chatter (teeth). 6. to be wielded violently (swords, staves; or shoes: against/par). 7. fig. to be known (as), to go under the name (of)Bajaanaa, vt. To cause to sound: 1. to play (instrument, recording). 2. to strike (bell, gong); to beat (drum); to clap. 3. colloq to shoot off, to fire (gun…)…

Bajraa, m. 1. a keelless, round-bottomed passenger boat (used for river travel). 2. a barge.

Bajraa, m. reg. (W.) millet

Baal [balaa-], adj. & m. 1. adj. young. 2. m. a young person; child, boy; youth; infant. 3. a minor. A juvenile. 4. one yet immature. 5. a young animal; a colt; young elephant.Baal [baalaa-], fig. girl.Baal [vaala-], m. 1. a hair. 2. a crack, hairline (in glass, porcelain; or in a pearl). 3. pl. the hair of the head.Baal [valla-: Pk. vaalaa-], f. ear or spike of corn.Baal [P.], m. wing

Baalak [S], m. a child, a boy

Baaluu [vaalukaa-], f. sand, gravel. ~ kii, adj. sandy (soil)(Baalui: sandy)

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Baṁdhnaa, vi & m. 1. vi. To be fastened, bound, tied (to/se, ke saath). 2. to be enclosed, confined; to be imprisoned. 3. to be caught, ensnared. 4. to be under obligation, to have no choice (in a matter). 5. to be built, erected. 6. to be continuous, uninterrupted (as thought); to be kept in mind (a memory; to be regular or constant. 7. to be fixed (as a wage). 8. to be customary. 9. to be involved, entangled (with/se). 10. m. cord, string, thread. 11. wrapper; needlecase

Baaṁsurii [cf. vaṁśii-], f. pipe, flute

Baan, m. 1. arrow; projectile. 2. an implement used in scotching cotton.

Ban [vana-¹], m. 1. forest, jungle; scrub country; wood; grove, thicket. 2. reg. cotton in the field, cotton crop. 3. reg. payment in kind for field-work (as weeding, reaping). 4. pl. price paid for pasturage p 704

Bannaa, vi: to be made (from/se; of/kaa). 2. to be created, formed; to be composed; to be invented. 3. to be constructed. Built. 4. to be established. 5. to be prepared; to be cooked. 6. to be finished, completed; to be managed, or achieved. 7. to turn out right; to fit. 8. to be possible, contrivable. 9. to be fixed, settled (a matter). 10. to be set to rights; to be repaired (as a watch); to be operated on successfully (a part of the body); to be adjusted; to be improved, to improve; to be trimmed (hair, beard); to be decorated (a garment. &c.); to be dressed up. 11. to become; to be appointed (to a post). 12. to be assumed (a air, a disguise); to act (a part). 13. to be changed into (from/se). 14. to be gained, made (as profit). 15. to come about, to happen. 16. to continue. ~ rahnaa, to carry on (in present state); to remain unchanged; to be still alive, or in health. 17. to be suitable or appropriate (for a purpose, an occasion). 18. to prosper; to get on well or harmoniously (with) “unmein khuub bantii hai”, they get on very well. 19. to be healthy, robust. 20. to make oneself look foolish; to be ridiculed. ~ aanaa, to have good fortune; to succeed (as a venture); to come to pass; to turn (on/par)Banaanaa: to make (p 705)

Banaavaṭ, f. make, construction; structure. 2. build (of body). 3. nature, character; composition (as of soil). 4. form, appearance. 5. show, display; affectation. 6. artifice, art. 7. a fiction, pretence; forgery; an imitation.

Band, adj. & m. 1. adj. fastened, tied, bound. 2. enclosed; confined. 3. closed, shut. 4. stopped (as a mechanism); turned off (appliance, electricity etc). 5. come to an end; stopped…prohibited..8. filled (hole, gap). 9. heavy, oppressive (air atmosphere). 10. m. a fastening, or tie; belt; lace, draw-string; bandage; band, strip, ribbon, knot. 11. joint (of the body); knuckle. 12. dam; embankment. 13. confinement, imprisonment …p692

Band karna: to stop

Bandaa, m. 1. servant; slave. 2. your servant (self deprecatory term used in addressing a superior

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Bandaa, m. reg. 1. pl. a grain-store. 2. W, the roof of a grain-store.

Bandhan, m. 1. fastening, tying together…p693

Bandhu [S.], m. 1. relative. 2. brother. 3. friend

Baan¶naa: to share (T?)

Baaqii [A], adj. & f. 1. adj. remaining, enduring, extant. *2. left over. 3. still to happen. 4. remainder. 5. surplus, credit balance. 6. balance outstanding, arrears, sum due. 7. adv. but yet, nonetheless

Baraa: adj. 1. big, large; great. 2. great (in prestige, standing); noble, eminent; important; wealthy. 3. senior (in years); elder; adult. 4. chief, principal (in rank or standing); senior; upper, high (as a court). 5. important (a matter, occasion); grave, serious. 6. adv. Very, exceedingly; excessively

Baraabar [P. baraabar], adj. & adv. 1. adj. abreast, level (with/ke); equal (as a score); even, quits (as rivals). 2. adjacent (to); neighbouring; opposite (to). 3. comparable, equal, exact; approximate. 4. uniform, similar. 5. smooth all over, level; filled in (a ditch); levelled, razed; finished (as work); brought to nothing, squandered (as a fortune). 6. parallel. 7. adv. leading directly, direct (a route). 8. constantly, regularly; continuously; straight on without interruption. 9. without delay.

Baraaii, f. 1. largeness; bulk, size; volume; extent. 2. prestige, standing. 3. seniority; rank. 4. praise, commendation; self-praise, boasting

Barapnaa [cf. H. barpaanaa], vi. To be set afoot, to be stirred up.

Baraat (or baaraat) [varayaatraa-], f. 1. marriage procession or journey (of bridegroom to bride’s house). 2. transf. marriage party, wedding guests. 3. troop, crowd. ~ karnaa/men jaanaa, to take part in a marriage procession

Baar baar: again and again

Barf, f. m. 1. ice. 2. snow; hail. 3. an ice-cream p711

Barhnaa [vardhate], vi. 1. to increase; to grow larger; to be extended; to be prolonged (a period). 2. to grow (living creature, plants). 3. to rise; to swell; to rise in price. 4. to be quickened (gait, pace). 5. to be advanced; to develop (as an activity). 6. to be extended (as influence). 7. to prosper, to flourish. 8. to go forward or ahead; to be let loose or free (as a kite). 9. to be stretched out (a hand etc.). 10. to surpass, to go beyond (se). 11. to be acquired…12. to be stopped (as a supply); to be checked. 13. to taken off (bangles, by a widow). 14. to be closed (a shop, a stall). 15. to be extinguished (a lamp)Barhaanaa: to extend, make increase, advance, grow

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Barhiyaa, adj. inv. 1. excellent, good (of quality), fine; nice. 2. fertile (soil). 3. high-priced (2nd meaning: a kind of stone obtained at Chunas)

Barqaraar rakhnaa [in: bar (5)], to establish, &c; to uphold; to confirm, to ratifyBarqaraar, fixed, established… maintainedBarobar, adj. & adv. corr. = baraabar

Barsaat: rain

Basaanaa [cf. H. basnaa]. Vt. 1. to cause to dwell; to settle (a country, a region). 2. to bring into cultivation (land). 3. to take into one’s house to stay (a traveler, &c). 4. to found (a town; a household or family) p714

Baat, f. p722 1.something said, a word, remark, speech, talk, words ; conversation ; discussion. 2. a matter, topic, subject, concern; fact; thing

Bataanaa, vt. 1. to inform ; to state, to tell ; to relate (to/ko) ; to describe. 2. to point out, to explain; to show (as a road); to indicate by gestures. 3. to indicate (as facts a conclusion). 4. colloq. To teach (one) a lesson, to punish

Bataur adv. 1. as, like. 2. in the nature of

¹Baṭiyaa, f. reg. narrow path or passage.²Baṭiyaa, f. 1. a small weight. 2. a small stone (as for grinding weighing). 3. a lump (as of clay, stone); idol.

Battii [vartikaa-], f. 1. wick; fuse. 2. light, candle; match; taper. 3. lamp; light (on a vehicle). 4. bundle(of thatching etc.); faggot. 5. stick (of sealing-wax). 6. lint. 7. twisted folds (of a turban etc)

Baṭvaaraa, m. = baṁṭvaaraa, m. 1. division, sharing (as of assets); partition (of land, territory). 2. allocation, distribution. 3. split, division, schism.

Baudhik praani: intellectual creature

Baazii, f. 1. game, play; a game, contest. 2. a game of chance; gambling. 3. wager, bet. 4. turn, play (in a game). ~ badnaa, or algaanaa, to lay a bet (on/kii); to stake

Be-, pref. without: in-, un-, im-, dis-, less-, &c. p744

Becaaraa, adj & m. without means or recourse, helpless; poor, wretched; a wretched person.

Begaanaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. strange, foreign, alien. 2. m. a stranger, foreigner; outsider

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Bekaar, adj. & m. = bekaam; without force, invalid; unoccupied (time); an unemployed person. ~ karnaa, to render useless, &c.; to invalidate; to thwart, to frustrate (as a plan)Bekaam, adj. useless, ineffective; worthless; without work

Behaal a. 1. miserable 2. indisposed 3. distressed 4. afflicted 5. on the verge of death

Beqaayadaa, adj. not in order; irregular; improper.

Besamajh, unintelligent, stupid

Betaal, adj. out of time (in music); out of time, rhythm

Bhaag [S], m. 1. part; share; division; section. 2. math. Fraction. 3. degree (of angle). 4. math. Division. 5. fate, lot. 6. ? distribution p 763

Bhaagnaa [cf. bhagna-1], vi. 1. to run away, to flee. 2. to run off, to vanish. 3. to keep clear (of/se), to avoid (a task, &c)

Bhagaanaa [cf. H. bhaagnaa], vt. & vi. 1. vt. To cause to flee: to chase away, to put to flight. 2. vi. Brbh. Av = bhaagnaa / bhaag se jaanaa, to abduct; to elope with

Bhaagiidaar: business partner

Bhagvaan, adj. & m. 1. adj. glorious, divine, to be adored; worshipful. 2. the supreme being (esp. as equated with Vishnu-Krishna). 3. title of a venerated deity (as the buddha). 4. any revered person (term of address).

Bhagvaanaa [cf H. ¹bhaagnaa], vt. to cause to be chased away (by/se); to put to flight.

Bhaagyă [S.], m. 1. fortune; fate; destiny. 2. chanceBhagyaśalii, fortunate, lucky

Bhagyaśaliirath: m. the maker of fortune

Bhal -, adj. good.

Bhalaa [cf.bhalla- ¹], adj & m.& interj. 1. adj. good; excellent. 2. honest, righteous. 3. kind, kindly. 4. in good health. 5. m. welfare. 6. advantage, benefit. 7. interj. Well! How lucky! 8. indeed, in truth. ~ hii, adv. let it be the case: even if; it may well be (but)

Bhaan [bhaana-1], m. 1. appearance. 2. consciousness (of/kaa); recollection

Bhaannaa, vt. esp in comp. = bhuunaa: vt. 1. to roast; to parch (grain); to bake. 2. to fry . 3. to scorch, to burn; to cause suffering (to)

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Bhaaṁti, f. 1. way, manner. 2. ppn. w. [kii]. In the manner of, like. ~ ~ ke/kii, adj. pl. various kinds (of)

Bhaṅgii, m. 1. name of a community of sweeper. 2. a man of the bhaṅgii community.

Bhar [cf. H. bharnaa], adv. & pref. & m. 1. adv. the amount of; the whole of. 2. at most, just. 3. pref. (usu. w. verbal elements.) the amount of ; the whole of. 4. m. load; bulk, size

Bharnaa, vi & vt. 1. vi. to be filled, to fill; to be full (of/se). 2. to be finished, complete (as days, time). 3. to abound (in/se); to be covered (with: as a table with books; or as a face with pock-marks). 4. esp. with jaanaa. to be blocked up. 5. to be loaded or charged (a firearm). 6. to be loaded (as burden: on/par). 7. to be covered, clogged, coated (with/se). 8. to be put or poured (into a container or space, so as to fill it wholly or partly: mein); to be cast (in a mould). 9. to be daubed, applied (as paint: to/mein). 10. to be paid, remitted (a full amount: as feed, tax); to be refunded, or maid good (a loss). 11. to fill, to ripen; to come to a head (as a boil). 12. to fill out (the body). 13. to heal (a wound). 14. to swell (as the feet from walking). 15. to be mated. (a female animal); to conceive. 16. to be satisfied. 17. (w. aanaa) to be moved (by feelings, emotion). 18. (w. jaanaa) to be overcome. 19. vt. to fill (with/se). 20. to perform. 21. to complete, to live out (one’s days). 22. to bestow in abundance. 23. to load (on to: par/mein). 24. to coat liberally (with/se: as the feet with lac). 25. to put or to pour (an object or substance into a container or space so as to fill it wholly or partly). 26. to insert (into/mein); to cram (in). 27. to load (a firearm). 28. to stow away (in/mein); to hoard. 29. to pay (a full amount: as fees, tax); to refund or to make good (a loss); to deposit (a pledge). 30. Brbh. To steep, to soak (in/mein). 31. to daub, to apply (on or to/mein); to paint; to paint a vivid or exaggerated picture (of). 32. to wind, to twine (on/mein). 33. to give, to depose (evidence etc.). 34. to pay (the penalty of ); to suffer in full measure for. 35. esp. w. lenaa. To exact a payment (from/se). 36. to satisfy. p760

Bharaanaa [cf. H. bharnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be filled. 2. to fill out (a form). 3. to feed its young (a bird). 4. to have made pregnant (a mare by a stallion)

Bharapuur: 1. brimful (débordant), abundant, replete (rempli, rassasié), prosperous. 2. adv. Fully, thoroughly

Bhaaratvarsh, m. BaartvaYa- region of Bharata; India

Bharmaanaa [cf. H. bhram], vt. & vi. 1. vt. To cause to stray, to mislead; to deceive. 2. to confuse; to tempt, to allure. 3. to alarm. 4. Brbh. Vi. To be confused, &c.

Bhaarii, adj. 1. heavy. 2. massive; vast; crowded (a gathering). 3. great, grand, vast; high (as hopes); large, great (as an amount, an expense); momentous (as a topic). 4. burdensome, difficult; grave (a responsibility, a problem); grievous (as a blow); dire (danger, disease); tiresome; oppressive (as climate). 5. of weight or substance (as an authority, proof, evidence). 6. precious, valuable. 7. heavy, sluggish (as the head, the

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energies); slow (of pace). 8. loud-sounding; deep (voice); hoarse. 9. burdened, dejected p765

Bhaaaa [S], f. 1. language, speech. 2. a language; a dialect. 3. vernacular usage (as distinct from a classical or semi-classical standard)

Bhasm [S], m. ashes ; cinders. ~ honaa, to be reduced to ashes; to be utterly destroyed

Bhaasn, m. 1. a speech; a lecture; talk. 2. speaking, utterance, speech

Bhaasnaa [bhaasati], vi. To appear, to be known.

Bhaṭaknaa, vi. 1. to stray, to wander. 2. to lose the way. 3. to err. 4. to be restless, to pine (for/ke lie). bhaṭaknaa phirnaa, to wander about (aimlessly, or lost)

Bhautikvaadii: materialistic

Bhavisyǎ, adj. & m. 1. adj. future. 2. m. the future. 3. gram. future tense.

Bhav [S.], m. 1. being, existence. 2. natural state, character or quality; disposition, temperament. 3. way, manner. 4. intention, purpose. 5. meaning, purport. 6. astron. Aspect (of heavenly bodies). 7. mind, heart, soul. 8. emotion, feeling; instinctive good-will; implicit belief; inclination. 9. notion, idea. 10. outward indication of emotion or meaning; expression; gesticulation. 11. gram. Mood. 12. price; going rate, rate of exchange.Bhav-bhangii, f. = bhav, 10; partic. manner, mannerism

Bhavan [S], m. 1. place of being or abode: building (esp. a public); chamber (legislative); mansion; palace. 2. coming to being, birth.

Bhay [S.], m. fear; misgivings. ~ karnaa, to be afraid (of,se), ~ khaanaa (se), id. ~ dikhaanaa, or denaa (ko), to put in fear; to intimidate, to threaten. ~ lagnaa, fear to be felt. ~ honaa, fear to be felt (by, ko). Bhay-bhiit, adj. frightened, afraid. Bhayaatur, adj. fearful.

Bhayankar [S], adj. fearsome, terrible

Bhed [S], m. splitting, separating: 1. difference, distinction; peculiarity. 2. kind, species. 3. discrimination (between/mein; against/, ke saath). 4. secret matter, mystery. 5. division (as between allies); breach, rupture (in relations). 6. fissure

Bheṁṭ, f. 1. meeting (with/se); visit. 2. an interview. 3. present (as to a superior; an offering (to a deity). 4. a votive hymn

Bhii, adv. & conj. . encl. 1. also; too. 2. as much as, even. ab ~, even now, still. ek ~ nahin, not even one. 3. besides, additionally; still. 4. furthermore. 5. of any quantity or

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identity, kuch ~ ho, whatever it may be. 6. by any means, by all mean; at all events. ~ … ~, both … and. To ~, but even so

Bhii nahin: not even

Bhiikh, f. 1. begging. 2. alms. ~ maangnaa, to beg (from/se)

Bhikhmaṁgaa [H bhiikh + H. maaṁgnaa], m. beggar

Bhinn [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. divided, separated; separate. 2. distinct, different; other. 3. split, broken. 4. open (a flower). 5. m. a fraction

Bhiiṛ, f. 1. a crowd, crush. 2. transf. great quantity (of work, or troubles) p768

Bhoktaa, m. inv. Enjoyer: 1. consumer (of food); good liver; epicure. 2. one who makes use of (goods, a service, etc.). 3. one who experiences.

Bhog, m. 1. enjoyment; pleasure in food; eating. 2. use; benefit (of funds, property). 3. experiencing (an emotion); pleasure, gratification; suffering. 4. sexual enjoyment, sexual intercourse. 5. any object of enjoyment: food; food offered to an idol. 6. astron. Presence (of a planet in a partic. constellation).

Bhognaa, vt. 1. to enjoy. 2. to suffer for (as for sins). 3. to experience; to suffer; to endure.

Bhogii, adj. & m. 1. adj. enjoying, using, experiencing, &c. 2. voluptuous. 3. m. one who enjoys the pleasures of the senses. 4. a voluptuous person.

Bhojan [S], m. 1, eating; a meal. 2. food. ~ karnaa, to dine; to give food (to/kaa). Bhojan-shaalaa, f. eating-place; kitchen. Bhojan-suucii, f. menu. Bhojanaalay, m. eating-place; restaurant (esp. vegetarian)It is the food prepared or eaten in remembrance by the Brahmins. It is called Brahma Bhojan because we remember the incorporeal in the corporeal one (i.e. Brahma).

Bholaa, adj. 1. simple; innocent. 2. sillyBholaa-bhaalaa, adj. = bholaaBholaanath, m. title of Śiva

Bhram- [ad. Bhramati], vi. Brbh. 1. to wander. 2. to err.

Bhraṣṭ [S], adj. 1. fallen. 2. corrupted, corrupt. 3. debased; polluted; violatedBhraṣṭaacaar, m. depraved or corrupt conduct or behaviourBhraṣṭaacaarii, m. a depraved person, &c

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Bhuu [S], f. 1. th earth, the world. 2. land, ground. 3. place; site. Bhuukamp, m. earthquake. P771

Bhuul, f. 1. forgetfulness, oversight; omission. 2. mistake, slip, error. ~ karnaa, to make a mistake et. Bhuul-cuk, f. = bhuul 1. , bhuul-bhulaiyan, f. maze, labyrinth.

Bhuulnaa: to forgetBhuul gaya: forgot

Bhuut (m): ghost

Hk;adj terrible bhayankar

Biibii, f. 1. lady; wife; elder sister; sister-in-law. 2. a term of endearment:lady, &c.

Biic, m. & ppn. 1. m. middle. 2. intervening space, or time; distinction, difference, separation. 3. average, mean. 4. mediation. 5. ppn. w. “ke”. Between, among. 6. during

Bicaaraa = becaara

Bichaṛnaa vi. 1. to be separated (from/se); to be parted. 2. to turn away, aside (from). 3. transf. to be sprained (a joint)

Bicchuu, (p731) m. scorpio. 2. the sign Scorpio (of the zodiac). 3. colloq. HSS. A stinging nettle. 4. pl. a kind of firework.

Bicuurnaa, vt. Reg. to pull to pieces, to break (sg) up.

BigaRnaa, ibagaD,naa vi. 1. to be spoiled, to deteriorate… 2. to fail, to go wrong… 3. to be corrupted; to become depraved. 4. to be damaged; to break down (machine); to be destroyed (reputation) 5. to be wasted (money) 6. to grow angry; to become estranged (friends); to quarrel p730

Biij [biija-], m. 1. seed; kernel; grain. 2. roe. 3. foetus, embryo. 4. source, primary cause. 5. kernel, central morif (or plot). 6. symbol, sign, token; a cryptic allusion.biijaaropaṅ, m. sowing seed; planting.

Bikharnaa, vi. 1. to be scattered (seed); to be dispersed. 2. to be disarranged; to be dishevelled (hair). 3. to be waisted, spoiled. 4. to become infatuated (with/par). 5. to become angry, enraged

Bilkul, adv. Entirely, completely; quite

Bilornaa, vt. 1. to stir, to shake about. 2. to churn

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Biitnaa [cf. vtta-], vi. 1. to pass, to elapse (time). 2. to come to pass, to happen. 3. to be experienced (as events)

Bitaanaa, vt. To cause to pass, to spend (time)

Biivii [P biibii], f, = biibii.

Bojh, m. 1. load, burden; cargo; freight 2. weight (esp. weight to be carried). 3. responsibility; onus.

Bolii, f. 1. speech, manner of speech; dialect; language; idiom. 2. talk, conversation; words. 3. bid (at auction). 4. song or note (of birds). 5. taunt; ridicule. ~ karnaa/kasnaa/bolnaa/maarnaa (par), to reproach; to make fun (of), to ridicule.Bolii-ṭholii, f. a sarcastic or derogatory remark.

Bonaa, vt. & m. 1. vt. To sow, to broadcast (seed); to plant. 2. m. sowing, seed-time.

Boriyaa [cf H. boraa], f. dimin. A small sack or bag. ~-bistar, m. esp. pej. bag and baggage

Boyar, m. reg. (W) land constantly under cultivation.

Brahmacarya, m. religious studentship, the state of a Braahmaṇ or student in the first of the four stages of life; asceticism; chastity.

Buddhi, f. 1. intelligence, understanding; mind; sense; wisdom. 2. thought, reflection p741. buddhivaad, m. belief in reason

Buddhuu [cf. H. buddh], m. iron. Blessed fellow: stupid fellow (other dico: stupid, dull, fool…)

Bukhaar, m. 1. fever. 2. fig. feverish passion, agitation; anger; animosity; grief; terror

Bulaanaa: to call, to invite

Bulandii, f. 1. height, loftiness. 2. volume (of sound); height (of ardour)

Buṁdkii. 1. a small drop. 2. small mark, speck, dot

Buurhaa: oldBuurhaapan: old age

.CCC.

Cabenaa [cf. carvati, carvayati], m. something to be chewed: parched grain (as food)

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Caahe [cf.H.caahnaa], conj. Though, even if. P313

Caahie [cf. H. caahnaa], vi. Usu. Inv. Is wanted (by/ko); is needful (to or for); should, ought

Cain [cf.cakati], m. ease of mind, contentment; quiet, peace; repose.

Caitanyǎ [S.], m.& adj. 1. m. consciousness; the soul. 2. rationality, intelligence; perception. 3. the ultimate being (considered as the essence of all consciousness). 4. adj. conscious; percipient. 5. rational.

Caitanyataa [S], f. state or faculty of consciousness

Cakkar [ad. cakra-], m. 1. = cakra, 1. -8. 1. a curve, bend. 3. a round journey. 4. fig. perplexity, confusion; trouble, inconvenience p 297

Caalaak, adj. 1. active, quick. 2. dextrous, clever. *3. astute, cunning; vigilant

Calan [S], m. 1. going, moving, proceeding, gait; mien. 2. trembling, unsteadiness. *3. currency (of money), circulation (of goods, money); demand (for goods). *4 (occasionally f.) procedure; conduct, behaviour; way, manner; habit, custom; fashion. 5. a ceremony, rite. ~ karnaa (kaa), to introduce, to institute; to make current or fashionable. ~ se, adv. in good manner, well, properly.

Calaan = caalaanCaalaan [cf. H. calaanaa], f. 1. despatch, consignment; transportation (of goods); transfer (of money). 2. an invoice; bill of lading. 3. a remittance; memorandum of financial transactions. 4. clearance (as of customs). 5. the sending forward or up, committal (of a case, or a prisoner)

Calaanaa [cf.H. calnaa p307], vt. 1. to cause to move or to go, to set or to keep in motion; to make (one) go; Av. to send. 2. to train, to bring up (a child). 3. to impel, to urge; to drive (a vehicle); to work (a machine, an implement); to wind (a watch); to stir, to agitate (a liquid). 4. to discharge (a weapon); to fire, to shoot (at/par); to throw (as a stone). 5. to use, to employ; to wield (as a weapon or fists); to turn to, to take up (as guile, fraud, force). 6. to give currency to, to put in circulation; to originate; to publicise or to propagandise for; to talk about (kii). 7. to give effect to, to enforce (as an order); to inaugurate, to establish (as a society); to institute (a law-suit); to serve, to offer (food). 8. to conduct; to transact, to direct; to run (as a firm, a household); to deal (with a person/ke saath). 9. to carry out, to perform (a task); to manage well or satisfactorily; to puzzle out, to bring to a solution (a difficult matter). 10. to cause to be finished: to ruin

Calaayămaan [conn. H. calnaa], adj. 1. in motion, newly under way (as a vehicle). unsteady, inconstant.

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Calnaa [calati], vi. & vt. 1. vi. To go, to move, to work (a machine or appliance); to turn (a wheel); to sail (a ship); to blow (the wind); to flow, to run (water, or a water channel). 2. to set out, to depart; to start; to be discharged (a weapon); to be used, employed; to be wielded (a weapon). 3. to progress, to advance; to flourish (a business, a task); to be satisfactory, to work, to serve.. 4. to be begun, to be current, or in vogue; to be topical, to be prominent (a reputation); to be in force; to be in use (as a road, a canal); to be offered, or served (successive courses of food). 5. to be exchanged, to be felt (animosity). 6. to continue, to endure; to be handed down (as a tradition). 7. to be able to be coped with, or completed (by/se). 8. to conduct oneself, to behave; to be averse or ill willed; to turn (away from/se); to be deceitful. 9. to move towards an end; to be decrepit, or worn out; to be finished, done. 10. vt. To move (a piece, a counter); to make a move, to take a step. Expr. P 307

Caaluu [cf. H caalnaa, caal] , adj. 1. current, in force; continuing, in progress (as a show, a term.). 2. in working order, active; on, available (a service). 3. frequented, busy (a street). 4. pej. cunning

Camaknaa. 1. to shine, to sparkle; to glitter; to glow; to glare; to gleam (as metal or light); to be polished. 2. to be dazzled, or screwed up (the eyes, in strong light). 3. to be attractive, or seductive. 4. to prosper, to flourish (as an enterprise); to be brisk (as trade), to go well; to be prominent. 5. to go to the head (alcohol). 6. to be strongly aroused (the emotions); to become enraged. 7. to be startled, to start; to shy (a horse); Brbh. to scatter, or to rush away (to safety).

Caman, m. 1. a flower garden. 2. a place lush or abounding in flowers. 3. fig. a flourishing place.

Camatkt [S], , adj. astonished

Caaṁdii [candrikaa-], f. 1. silver; money, wealth. 2. income; fig. windfall, good luck. 3. the crown of the head. 4. a silvery or whitish object; ash

Canaa [cana-], m. the chick-pea, or gram

Candaa [candra-], m. 1. the moon. 2. a round piece or slice

Candra [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. lunar. 2. m. a lunar month. 3. pl. the fortnight of the waxing moon. 4. moonstone (a pearly felspar [mineral])

Candrămaa [S], m. inv. The moon.

Cañcaal [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. moving, shaking, trembling; quick, active. *2. unsteady, restless; inconstant, fickle; flirtatious; playful; naughty. 3. transient, ephemeral. 4. volatile (temperament). 5. m. an unsteady or inconstant person, &c.

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Capeṭ, m. 1. a slap. 2. a blow. 3. fig. attack; sudden blow or shock; range, reach (of sg harmful).Capeṭ mein anaa, to be threatened (by/kii: as by sg dangerous); to fall victim (to)

Caapnaa, vt. 1. to press

Caraṇ [S.],m. usu. pl. and hon. foot; feet. 2. a quarter; section; phase, stage. 3. a foot (of verse); single line (of verse). 4. fig. proximity; attendance; dependence. ~ chuunaa (ke), to touch (a person’s) feet in respect. caraṇ – kamal, m. pl. (hon.) lotus feet. caraṇ – paadukaa, f. a wooden sandal. caraṇ – seva, f. massaging the feet. caraṇaamrit, m. foot-nectar: the water in which the feet of an idol or of a respected personage have been washed; a mixture of milk, curds, ghii, sugar and honey, considered sacred, and used in the tending of idols and sacred objects. caraṇaamrit lena, to sip the water in which the feet of an idol, etc. have been washed

Carcaa [S], f. (m., U.) repetition: 1. discussion, consideration, reflection; argument; talk, mention. 2. rumour, gossip. 3. smearing (as the body with ointment), anointing. ~ uṭhnaa, discussion to arise (of/kii); mention to be made (of). ~ karnaa, to make mention (of/kii), &c. ~ calaanaa (kii), to spread, or to deal in, rumours (about/kii). ~ honaa (kii), to be mentioned, talked of, or discussed; to be reported, announced.

Carhnaa, vi. 1. to rise, to mount; to clim; to mount (on/par); to embark; to rise (prices, a river); to increase, to grow; to wax (moon season); to mount up, to be in arrears (as pay) 2. to be mounted or set (on or around, par); to be placed (upon); to be applied or attached (to/par); to be fitted (to), to be adjusted or set (a bow string, or the tension of a drum); to be set (a bone); to be spread; to be overlaid (as metal in electrolysis). 3. to be entered (items in a ledger). 4. to be raised up; to be shortened (a lower hem). 5. to be elevated, or promoted; to be exalted. 6. to be offered (in devotion, or as a sacrifice: to/ko). 7. to advance, to proceed; to go (for a purpose:to/par); to be taken or conveyed (to); to progress, to be advanced (of time). 8. to march (against/par); to attack; to assail; to invade. 9. to take effect, to be rampant (as poison, intoxicants, fever); to be dominant (over/par), to possess or to obsess (emotions). 10. to be superior; to excel …p300Carhaanaa, vt. 1. to cause to rise up, to raise; to lift up; to place(upon/par, ke upar); to roll up (sleeves). 2. to apply (to or upon/par: as paint, dye); to affix, to attach, to fit (to); to adjust or to set (a bow-string, or the tension of a drum). 3. to put away, to replace (an object in its container). 4. to enter (as in a ledger). 5. to offer (to/ko: as to a deity); to dedicate; to sacrifice; to devote. 6. to elevate (a person’s grade or rank), to promote; to exalte. 7. to cause to advance; to lead in an attack (against/par). 8. to cause to increase, to cause to swell (cf. baṛhaanaa); to incite (a person).

Carhkar, adv. with a rise or increase; baldly, confessedly; by design; excellently, in a superior way or degree

Caritr [S], m. 1. behaviour, conduct; manner; ways. 2. an account of a person’s life; a biography. 3. character; nature. 4. a character (of a novel)

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cariyaayi-khariyayi

pfj;kbZ&[kfj;kbZ: madness

Chaat [chattra-], m. Av. 1. parasol (as an emblem of royalty). 2. an umbrella

Chaataa [chattra-],m. 1. a parasol. 2. an umbrella.

Caupaii (quadruped)

Caupaṭ, adj & f. 1. adj. open all round; wide open. 2. levelled, razed, laid waste; ruined. 3. fig. depraved, ruined. 4. f. a waste; a ruin

CauRaa, adj. & m. . 1. adj. wide, broad; ample. 2. an open or a remote area

Cauthaaii : a quarter for a number less than one

Cep, f. 1. stickiness. 2. a sticky substance: gum; resin; bird-lime. 3. gummy secretion (in the eye). 4. matter, pus

Ceraa [ceta-], m. 1. a servant. 2. a pupil, disciple

Ceraaii [cf. H. ceraa], f. service, attendance (upon/kii)

Cerii [ceta-], f, a female servant

Cetan (→ cetanya), adj & m 1. adj. Conscious, aware. 2. rational. 3. alert, vigilant. 4. m. consciousness; the soul (= cetanya). 5. intelligence. 6. living and sentient being

Chaanaa [chaadayati1], vt & vi. 1. vt. To cover; to thatch, to roof. 2. to spread, to erect (an awning, &c, as a shelter). 3. to shade (a place); to shelter. 4. vi. To be spread, to spread; to be diffused. 5. to settle (over), to cast a shadow (over); to overcast; to weigh (upon). 6. to settle or to swarm (upon). 7. to be shaded (a place)

Chaap, f. 1. a stamp, impression; imprint; mark. 2. an instrument for stamping; a steal; signet. 3. fig. impression, influence, effect

Chaapaa, m. 1. a stamp…2. an instrument for stamping…3. a printing press. 4. the press (as an institution). 5. stamped or printed material; an edition (of a paper). P 342

Chappar [chattvara-], m. 1. a thatched roof. 2. a thatched building; a hut; a shed. ~ phaṛkar dena (ko), fig. to give from on high (in an unexpected, or miraculous way) p 339

Chaapnaa, vt. 1. to stamp; to mark; to print (cloth). 2. to seal. 3. to print (a book). To make an imprint, to copy through, to trace. 5. to make an impression (on/par); to exercise an influence (upon/par)

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Chatr [ad.chattra-¹], m. 1. a parasol, an umbrella (esp. as held over kings or their thrones, or over idols). 2. a mushroom. Chatr-chaayaa, f. protection, shelter; patronage. P 338

Ched, m. 1. a hole. 2. an opening; gap, crack. 3. cutting, cutting off. 4. cut, section; incision.

Chiinnaa [cf.chinna-], vt. 1. to snatch away; to tear, to pluck, or to wrench away. 2. to size; to usurp; to confiscate

Choṛnaa, vt. 1. to let go, to release. 2. to set free; to discharge; to pardon. 3. to leave; to defer (until/par). 4. to put in and leave; to deliver or to post (a letter); to hide (sg) away; to add (an ingredient). 5. to leave alone; to abandon. 6. to give up, to renounce; to resign (a post). 7. to omit, to overlook; to disregard (a matter); to leave (sg) out. 8. to take off (clothes). 9. to discharge (a weapon, a firework). 10. to emit, to give out; to pour out; to spread (manure); to play (a fountain). 11. to set in motion, to start up (an engine, a car). 12. to assign, to detail (one, to do sg: ke liye). ~ aanaa, to leave (as a pers or a thing) at a distant place. Choṛkar, abs. conj. apart from, except for.

Choṭaa, adj. 1. small. 2. lesser: junior, younger; subordinate; minor. 3. trivial, insignificant. 4. inferior; pej. Contemptible. choṭe-baṛe, pl. great and small; young and old; varied, various. choṭa-moṭa, adj. little, small

Chuunaa [chupati], vt. & m. 1. vt. To touch; to feel. 2. to smear, to smear over (of white wash). 3. to handle, to take up. 4. m. touching, touch, contact.

Churvaana to cause to be released (see below)

ChuRaaii f. 1. setting free, releasing… 2. liberation…rescue…

ChuRaanaa [cf.H. chornaa], vt. 1. to cause to be freed (by “se”)…to release…dismiss…rescue … 4. to cause to loose… 5. to get rid of (habit)…p346

Chuṭ, f. 1. deliverance, freedom (from/se), escape. 2. freedom, liberty (to/ko). 3. exemption (from/se); remission; deduction, discount. 4. separation (from/se). 5. leavings, refuse; grains left on the threshing-floor. 6. releasing, letting go.

Chuṭkaaraa [cf H. chuṭnaa], m. 1. release; deliverance, relief (from danger, or distress). 2. discharge, acquittal; exemption. 3. escape. ~ denaa (ko), to release (from/se), to acquit; to exempt. ~ paanaa, to obtain release, &c. (from/se); to be freed; to get free from, to be rid of.

Chuuṭnaa, vi. 1. to be released, to be let go; to be discharged, acquitted; to be redeemed (a pledge). 2. to come loose; to be loose, or free; to be wielded, brought into play (as fists, or reinforcements). 3. to be free (from/se), to escape; to be rid (of/se). 4. to be omitted; to be given up, or abandoned. 5. to come out or forth; to spurt out (liquid); to come off (dye, paint); to be got rid of (an infection, a cough). 6. to be lost (courage, patience, wits); to

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end (life). 7. to leave, to depart (a train, &c); to start. Usse gaaṛii chuuṭ gayii, he missed the train. 8. to fall back, to fall behind; not to prosper. 9. to discharge; to fire, to be shot (a weapon, a syringe); to play (a fountain).

Chuṭṭii CUT\TI , f. 1. release; permission to go; discharge, acquittal; respite. 2. leave; holiday, vacation; break (during the day’s work); leisure time. 3. a statutory holiday

Cilka: peel, skin

Cillaanaa: to cry, call out

Cintaa [S], f. 1. thought, consideration, reflection. 2. care, concern; attention; anxiety; apprehension. 3. a matter for thought or concern; risk; danger p 314

Cintan [S], m. 1. thought, the process of thought. 2. thinking, reflecting, meditating (over, or upon/kaa)

Cipak, f. 1. adhesion: cohesion. 2. stickiness, &c

Cipaknaa vi. 1. to stick, to adhere; to jam, to be tight (as a door); to crowd, to pack (together). 2. to cling (to/se). 3. to be involved (with/se); to have an affair (with). 4. to be absorbed (in or by/mein)

Citt [citta-¹], m. 1. the understanding; the mind. 2. thought, reflection. 3. the soul; the heart

Ciṭṭaa, adj. 1. bright, clear; white. 2. light-coloured.

Citr [S.], m. 1. a picture; a painting; drawing; sketch. 2. a photograph. 3. cine film.

Cokhaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. pure, genuine. 2. good, excellent; delightful; beautiful. 3. sound, honest; sincere. 4. sharp (as a knife). 5. keen, pungent; high, clear (a sound). 6. m. a spiced dish of roasted or fried vegetables.

Cola, m. 1. a long gown or cloak; a bride’s garment. 2. a baby’s first (ceremonial) garment. 3. fig. the body; guise, outward appearance. ~ chorna, to leave the body. ~ badalnaa, vt. To change the body: (the soul) to transmigrate.

Cor [cora-¹], m. & adj. 1. m. a thief; a robber. 2. one who is “he” or “it” in a children’s game. 3. a hidden abscess (as a healed wound, or under a tooth); an ulcer. 4. an ulterior motive or intention. 5. adj. hidden, secret (as a room, compartment, door, or way); false, misleading; deceptive, treacherous.

Corii, f. 1. theft; robbery. 2. stealth; concealment. ~ karnaa, to steal. ~ kaa, adj. stolen; secret, furtive. ~ jaanaa, to be stolen. P331

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Coṭ , f. 1. blow; wound; injury, hurt, knock; bruise; damage. 2. shock, blow, impact. 3. rivalry, competition. 4. loss (as in trade) p 330

Coṭii, f. 1. a lock of hair left unshaven on the crown of the head; top-knot. 2. a pigtail. 3. coil of (a woman’s) hair; a woman’s top-knot; ornament for (a woman’s) hair. 4. crest (of a bird). 5. summit, apex; peak, crest (of a mountain); pinnacle; vertex.

Cuknaa, vi. 1. to be finished, to be completed; to come to an end; to be exhausted (as a supply). 2. to be settled; to be fixed or agreed (as a price, a rate); to be adjusted (an account, a law-suit, a difference or dispute). 3. to fall short (of/se)

Cuuknaa, vi. to fall short: 1. to make a mistake, or blunder; to err. 2. to go astray, to stray (from/se). 3. to fail, to omit (to do something,/se); to miss (a target, &c.); not to achieve (an aim). 4. to be deficient (in/mein); to be omitted (from/se). 5. E.H. to be finished.

Cuktaa, adj & masc. being settled, being adjusted, &c; discharged, paid (a debt); balanced (an account); made good. 2. wholesale. 3. m. the paid portion of an account.

Cuuṁki, conj. Since, because.

Cunnaa , vt. 1. to choose, to select; to pluck, to gather; to glean; to pick or to peck at; to discard, to cull. 2. to elect. 3. to arrange; to set out. 4. to build up (as a wall); to wall up; to immure (in/mein). 5. to gather, to tuck; to crimp; to crease, to pleat.

Cunindaa, adj. inv. 1. chosen, selected. 2. choice, select. 3. gathered, picked

Curaanaa [cf. corayati], vt. 1. to steal; to captivate (as the heart). 2. to hide away, to conceal; to withhold; to withdraw or to turn away (the eyes)

.DDD.

Dabaanaa [cf. H. daabnaa], vt. 1. to press down, to press; to ring (an electric bell). 2. to squeeze. 3. to crush. 4. to restrain; to curb, to repress (as feelings). 5. to subdue; to oppress; to rule. 6. to snub ( a person); to intimidate. 7. to dominate, to overshadow (in importance). 8. to withhold, to usurp (a right, a possession); to encroach upon. 9. to suppress (as news); to secrete; to embezzle. 10. to sow (seed)

Daadaagirii, f. pej. Bullying, loutish behaviour.

Ḍagmagaanaa, vt & vi, 1, vi. To rock, to sway; to tremble. 2. to totter, to stagger. 3. to walk ostentatiously (a woman); to roll (a boat). 4. to waver (as in faith). 5. vt. To cause to shake, &c.

Dainik [S], adj. 1. daily. 2. having to do with day, diurnal.

Daitya, m. mythol. 1. son of Diti: a demon. 2. a giant. 3. fig. monster.

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Ḍakaitii, f. robbery, banditry.

Ḍaakaa, m. robbery; an attack by robbers. ~ ḍaalnaa, or maarnaa, to commit robbery (in a band)

Daakhil [A], adj. & m. 1. adj. entering, arriving. 2. admitted to, joining (a group). 3. entered (in a list); inserted, included. 4. paid, paid over (as a fine). 5. m. entering (upon), taking possession (of). 6. entry (in a book, account). 7. inclusion, incorporation

Dakshiṇ Na : south, southern

Dal, m. 1. group, band; party (political, sectarian, &c.); detachment; expedition; team. 2. army. 3. flock, herd (of animals). 4. leaf. 5. petal. 6. thickness, bulk, volume. garam ~, m. extremist party. naram ~, m. moderate party. dalbaadal, m. gathered clouds; fig. a vast army

Daalnaa [*daal-], vt. 1. to throw down; to cast, to hurl; to sow, to scatter (seed). 2. to pour; to put (as sugar in tea); to lay (upon/par or ke sir: as of a burden, a responsibility). 3. to put, to place, to consign (for safe keeping)…p420

Dam, m. 1. breath; life, spirit. 2. breathing or blowing out; puff (as in casting a spell). 3. draw, puff (as at a hookah); wiff. 4. moment, instant. 5. vitality, viguour; mettle; ambition. 6. strength: quality (as of a material); efficacy (as of medicine). 7. sharp edge (of a blade). 8. false hope. 9. state of simmering (over a fire) p 478

Daan [daana-1], m. 1. giving; giving in marriage. 2. a gift; donation; offering; grant; endowment. 3. alms. 4. Brbh. Levy, tribute. 5. exudation (from the temples of a rutting elephant).

Daanaa, m. 1. a grain; transf. crumb, speck. 2. a single, small object; clove (of garlic); sg to be threaded (as a bead, a pearl). 3. a pimple. 4. fleck (on the skin: as a freckle, or a smallpox mark; or in cloth); dappling, stippling. 5. grain, corn; food. 6. seed-corn

Dand [S.], m. 1. stick, beam; mast. 2. mace… 4. transf. punishment; penalty, fine. 5. in comp. judicial procedure; the law. 6. assault, violence p472.

Dandaa (m): stick

Dantkathaayein: f. legend

Daar [P.: present stem of daaśtan], adj. &m. in comp., esp. as a second member forming adjectives and nouns. Having, holding; possessor, &c….p492

Dāṛhī mūnch vālā: the one with beard and moustache daZ,I

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Darjaa, m. 1. step, stage, degree (as in progress). 2. grade, level (of attainment etc.); extent. 3. quality, standard (as of goods, material, services); type. 4. class (school). 5. rank, standing (of post); class (in examination). 6. position, situation; plight. 7. gradation, degree. 8. compartment (as in a cupboard, or filing cabinet)

Dar-kaar, adj. & f. 1. adj. needed, required. 2. f. need.

Darśan [S.], m. 1. seeing, observing; observation; inspection. 2. sight. 3. usu. Pl. having sight (of); audience (with); visiting (a shrine); worshipping (before an idol). 4. transf. seeing, meeting, visiting (a respected person). 5. law. Appearance (in court, of an accused). 6. appearance, semblance. 7. view (of sg); thought (as of a philosopher or sage); philosophy; specif. any of the six Hindu philosophical systems; contemplation, vision; vision, dream. 8. view, opinion. 9. transfer. mirror

Darpan [S.], m. a mirror

Darraanaa, vi to go straight and quickly; to go boldly forward.

Daśaa [S], f. 1. state, condition. 2. situation, circumstances; period or stage of life. 3. astrol. Situation of heavenly bodies; conjunction, or influence. 4. HSS. wick (of lamp). Aisii ~ men, sdv. In such circumstances; in these circumstances

Dauṛ [cf H. dauṛnaa], f. running; a run; a gallop. 2. (esp. in comp.) race. 3. course, career; distance to be traversed; flight (of fancy). 4. range, scope, sphere. 5. fig. hard effort, endeavour. 6. raid, attack

Dauṛnaa [cf. dravati], vi. 1. to run; to hasten; to gallop. 2. to rush (at, upon/par); to attack. 3. to spread quickly (as news). 4. to spread (over/par; through/men: as a flush across the face, poison through the body). 5. fig. to be obsessed (with/ke piche); to try hard to obtain (sg). 6. to flow, to course (liquid, a current). 7. to turn, to run (as the mind, or fancy, in a given direction)

Daur, m. 1. revolving, revolution. 2. passing round (as of wine). 3. circle, orbit; transf. field of authority, sway. 4. a round tour, circuit. 5. passage or change of time, vicissitude; period of years, age, cycle. 6. stage (of a continued process); progress.

Daavat, f. a call: 1. invitation (esp. to a meal). 2. party; feast, banquet; reception.

Daayraa, m. 1. circle, ring; circumference. 2. circuit. 3. transf.sphere (of influence or effect, or of interests). 4. group (of associates). 5. vicinity. 6. orbit. 7. a tambourine. 8. musl. monastery

-Daayii = - daayak [S], m & adj. finally in comp.; simplex Av. = daataa [S], adj & m. 1. adj. liberal, generous. 2. m. a liberal man; donor, benefactor. 3. transf. the supreme being.

Deh [deha-], f. m.1. the body. 2. transf. life; birth in human form.

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Dehdhaaran: m. assumption of body, birth.Dehdhaarii: , adj. embodied, living; incarnate.

Dehii, adj. & m. 1. adj. possessiong a body. 2. m. a living creature; human being. 3. the soul.Dehii abhimaanii: soul conscious (aatmaa abhimaanii).

Dehbhaan: body consciousness

Dehlii [dehalii-], f. threshold; doorstep

Dekhnaa, vt. 1. to see; to watch, to look at; to look on (as a spectator. 2. to turn the eyes (towards/ke aur); to glance (at). 3. to perceive, to observe. 4. to consider, to think. 5. to see, to attend to (a matter); to superintend. 6. to watch over, to guard; to guard against (sg happening), to take care. 7. to inspect; to search, to scrutinise; to visit (as a patient). 8. to examine, to test, to try. 9. to look for, to search for. 10. to experience. 11. to tolerate (a situation, or a person). Dekhne men, adv. to all appearances, superficially. Dekhne men aanaa, to be visible; to be evident, to appear; to be generally known (as a state of affairs) p509Dikhaanaa: to show

Der, f. & adv. 1. f. a period or lapse of time, interval. 2. delay; lateness; slowness. 3. adv. delayed, late

Devǎtaa, m. inv. 1. a god. 2. transf. an object of worship, or a person held to be sacred; an idol. 3. a revered person. [cf: Daitya]Devii, f. a goddess…p511

Dhairyă [S], m. = dhiir. Dhairyă-dharaṇ, m. steadfastness; patience, perseverance; calm.

Dhak [*dhakk-], f. (m., pl.). 1. shock. 2. palpitation; anxiety. 3. surge (of zeal, &c). ~ rah jaanaa, to become motionless from fear, amazement, or consternation.

Dhakkaa [cf. dhakkayati], m. 1. shove, jolt. 2. shock; impact. 3. blow of fate, unlucky chance; loss, damage. ~ khaanaa, to suffer a blow; to suffer misfortune, or loss..p 519

Dhaam [S], m. 1. dwelling, abode. 2. splendour, radiance. 3. place of pilgrimage. 4. fig. the body. Paramdhaam, m. Brbh. The supreme abode: the ultimate being; paradise.

Dham, f. a loud sound; bang, crash, thud

Dhamaacauṛii, f. turmoil, row; brawl

Dhaadhal [cf. dhandha-], f. 1. cheating, trickery. 2. disturbance; outcry, clamour

Dhaan [dhaanya-], m. 1. the rice plant; paddy. 2. unhusked rice

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Dhan, m. 1. property, assets; catle, herds. *2. wealth, riches; money; funds, capital. 3. treasure. 4. mineral resources…p521

Dhanii [S], adj. 1. rich, wealthy. 2. praiseworthy, virtuous. 3. m. a rich man. 4. proprietor, master. 5. husband. Dhanii-dhorii, m. a person of power or influence; master (as of a household)

Dhandhaa [dhandha-], m. 1. craft, occupation; trade; profession; business. 2. work, activity; task

Ḍhaṅg, m. 1. particular nature or characteristic; way, style, manner. 2. method, means, manner, way. 3. kind, type. 4. style of behaviour, manners. 5. skill, accomplishment. 6. transf. sign, prospect

Dhanuṣ [S] m. 1. a bow. 2. a rainbow. 2. the sign Sagittarius (of the zodiac). 4. a measure of length equalling about 1.75 (viz. four hastas, representing the length of the forearm with the extended hand). 5. an arc (of a circle)

Dhap, f. m. 1. sound, noise, crack; clack (of a shoe); thud (= dhab-dhab). 2. thump, blow.

Dhaar, f, (m., pl.) 1. [dhaaraa-] flow, current, stream; channel (of a river); spring. 2. downward flow; heavy shower (of rain). 3. libation. 4. [dhaaraa-] edge (of blade). 5. edge, end, limit; Brbh. Direction. 6. line, chain (as of mountains).

Dhaaraa [S.], f. 1. = dhaar, (1., 2.) 2. current (electric). 3. (esp. law) section, article; paragraph. 4. multitude, mass. 5. = dhaar, (4.) 6. rim, circumference (of a wheel).

Dharaa f. the earthDharaaśayii a. fallen aground, razed to the ground.

Dharm, m. 1. what is to be held or kept: the complex of religious and social obligations which a devout Hindu is required to fulfil, right action, duty; morality; virtue, virtuous life; justice…p525Dharm – Hindi world which is often translated as ‘religion’. Dharm means: the complex of religious and social obligation required to fulfill right action, duty, morality, virtue, virtuous life and justice. It is worthy to consider using the word dharm without translation, because its meaning is wider than that of religion in English.

*Dharam ko bhul/bul gaye: they have forgotten their religion

Dharmnirapeksh: secular

Dharan [S.], m. 1. holding; supporting; possessing; placing; retaining, fastening. 2. seizing. 3. sg which holds: a support; fastening

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Dhaaran, m. 1. holding, keeping; maintaining, preserving (as vow, a memory). 2. carrying. 3. wearing. 4. taking (as food, or medicine). 5. taking on, assuming (a rank, a posture; a loan); acquiring in gyan: to implement, to put in practice, to assimilate.

Dharǎnii, f. 1. the earth; the world. 2. soil, land. 3. a beam

-Dhaarii, adj. & m. 1. adj. wearing, carrying, &c. (cf.dhaaran). 2. m. a wearer, &c.

Dharnaa, vt. 1. to hold, to keep; to possess; to assume (as powers), to obtain; to fix, to determine (as a time); to suspend (as an undertaking); to hold (as an opinion). 2. to seize; to detain; to restrain; to check, to counter (a stratagem, &c). 3. to place, to put; to deposit; to pawn; to stake (a wager). 4. to to put on, to apply; to wear. 5. to apply (as the mind, or ear)

Dhartaa [S], m. inv. 1. one who holds, supports, or preserves. 2. one who assumes (a task, a responsibility). 3. a debtor.

Dhartii, f. earth

Dher [*dhera-], m. a heap, pile; abundance… ~ saare, adj. pl. colloq. lots of. P429

Ḍhiilaa a. 1. loose. 2. (of flesh) flaccid, flabby, hanging down, limp 3. (of a person) indolent, lazy, tardy 4. unwell, weak, feeble 5. delicate, soft 6. thin 7. sluggish 8. lenient, mild

Dhiimaa, adj. 1. slow, slugghish; lazy. 2. subdued (as sound, voice); soft, low; faint. 3. faint, dim (as light, colour); slight (in intensity), weak; low (as a fever). 4. moderate; abated (as fever, or emotion)Dhiimaaii, adj. slowness, etc.

Dhiiraj [ad. Dhiirya-], m. =dhir. ~ denaa, ~banhnaa, ~ rakhnaa, or ~karnaa, to take courage; to be composed; to be consoled; to have patience or perseverance p530

Dhokhaa, m. 1. deceit. 2. false impression; sg seen indistinctinctly; mirage. 3. mistake, blunder. 4. disappointment. 5. uncertainty, doubt; alarm. 6. false appearance; trap, snare; camouflage; a scarecrow. ~ denaa (ko), to deceive; to mislead; to disappoint; to fail (a weapon, a stratagem, medicine) (p534 with other verbs)Dhokhebaaz, adj. deceitful, fraudulent; m. a deceitful person; an impostor

Dhonaa: to wash

Dhor: cattle

Dhorii [dhaureya-], m. 1. ox, bullock. 2. leader 3. pl. cattle (= dhor)

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Dhruv [S], adj. 1. fixed, immovable; stable. 2. constant, permanent. 3. certain. 4. the pole star. 5. a pole (of the earth). 6. terminal (of a battery); electrode

Dhulaanaa [cf. H. dhonaa], v.t. to cause to be washed (by/se), to get (sg) washed

Ḍhuuṁḍhnaa, vt. To look for; to search out, to find DhuuNDHnaa ZU^MZ,naa

/kwr to cheat; to deceive; /kwrk : the one (male) who cheats/deceives /kwrh the one (female) who cheats/deceives; the one who makes [false] stories. baatein bananevala.

Dhuvaanaa [cf. H. dhonaa], v.t. = dhulaanaa

Dhurandhar [S], adj. & m. 1. bearing a yoke, a burden. 2. strong in supporting: mighty, great (as a leader, scholar, &c). 3. m. fig. prestigious leader, &c.

Dhvaṃs [S], m. 1. destruction; demolition; ruin. 2. harm

Dhyaan [S.], m. 1. meditation, contemplation; deep thought. 2. consideration, reflection. *3. attention, the mind. 4. keeping (sg) in mind ; thought; memory

Dikhaanaa [cf. dekhnaa] vt. To show (to/ko); to demonstrate, to indicate; to reveal; to display, to present

Dikhaavaa [cf. H. dikhaanaa], m. 1. show, ostentation; ponp, pageantry. 2. appearance: pretence, disguise

Diikṣit [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. consecrated. 2. instructed, intitiated. 3. m. an instructed person. 4. name of a braahmaṇ community

Dilaanaa [cf.H. denaa], vt. 1. to cause to be given (by/se, to/ko); to assign; to consign. 2. to put in possession (of); to occasion.

fnyks&tku :heart and soul; fig. tooth and nail. fnyks tku ls, adv.It means with full devotion, or full effort.It means ‘heart and soul’. It is given in the Oxford Hindi-English dictionary by McGregor, on page no. 497 (under heading [dil])

Ḍigaanaa [cf. H. ḍignaa] , vt. 1. to cause to shake or to move; to cause to slip, or to stumble. 2. to make loose, or unsteady. 3. to shake (as one’s faith).

Dimaag [A. Dimaag], m. 1. brain. 2. mind. 3. transf. conceit; arrogance; disdain. 4. fancy, whim

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Diśaa [S], f. 1. direction; course (as of an aircarft). 2. quarter, region. 3. point of the compass. 4. colloq. = ~ - faraagat. 5. –dishi, adv. poet. In (or from) a partic. direction. P 498

Divyă [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. divine. 2. supernatural. 3. wonderful; charming. 4. m. an ordeal. 5. an oath

Doglaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. of mixed blood, cross-bred; mongrel; illegitimate. 2. hybrid. 3. transf. two-faced, deceitful. 4. m. a person or animal of mixed blood etc. 5. a hybrid. 6. a deceitful person

Ḍol; m. & adj. 1. a swinging, rocking. 2. a swing. 3. adj. swinging, &c

Ḍolnaa; vi. 1. to swing, to rock; to sway. 2. to move, to stir; to move about; to wander. 3. to totter; to shake. 4. to flinch, to waver (a viewpoint, a resolve)

Dor [davara-], m. reg. = 2. daur Ḍorii [cf. H. 1 dora], f. 1. string, cord; rope; surveyor’s line. 2. braid, piping. 3. bond, tie (as of affection)

DoSh [S], m. 1. fault, defect; vice; sinfulness. 2. blame; reproach. 3. offence; sin; guilt; crime. 4. damage, harm. 5. disorder (bodily); disease

DRiṛh [S], adj. 1. fixed, firm; hard, unyielding, tough; strong (of physique); tight (as a knot); close (an embrace); stiff. 2. solid; compact. 3. fixed, firm (a decision, intention, opinion); established (a basis); consolidated. 4. steadfast; persevering; dependable. 5. sound (health). 6. severe, violent.

DRiṛhătaa [S], f. 1. firmness; hardness; strength. 2. steadfastness, resolution; conviction. 3. confirmation, corroboration.

DRiṣṭi [S], f. 1. sight. 2. look, glance; gaze; the eyes. 3. the eyesight, vision. 4. view (of sg.), viewpoint; regard; consideration p509

DRiśyă [S], adj & m. 1. adj. to be seen, visible; evident. 2. worthy of being seen; beautiful, pleasing; picturesque. 3. perceptible; phenomenal (as the world). 4. to do with sight, visual; optic. 5. m. sg. Visible, or perceived. 6. a sight, scene, view; scenery. 7. a picture; view; sketch. 8. scene (in a play). 9. math. a given quantity

Duaa, f. 1. invocation: one’s wish (for another); pej ill wish. *2. prayer.

Dubaaraa dubaaraa: again and again

Dubanaa, vt. 1. to cause to sink; to immerse. 2. to sink (a ship). 3. to drown (one). 4. to flood (as with water). 5. fig. to ruin, to destroy.

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Duubnaa, vi. 1. to sink; to set (the sun); to end (the day); to dive. 2. to drown. 3. to be immersed, flooded (ground). 4. to be lost, ruined (as funds, reputation); to be sacrificed to not avail. 5. to be engrossed (in/mein: as in study, or activity); to be sunk (in: as grief, or shame)

Dubbii, f. a dive, plunge (= ḍubbkii)

Dugunaa [H. duunaa] adj & m. 1. adj. Twofold, double; twice as much or as many (as/se); twice as large (as). 2. m. twice the amount (of/kaa). Do ~ caar, twice two are four.

Duukh [S], duukh m. adj. causing grief, pain, or trouble, &c. Duukhdaayii, duukhdaayii adj. & m. id. duukhprad, adj. = duukhad. (oppressor, persecutor)

duukhmaya, duukhmay, adj. grievous, sad (as a time, an event); filled with sorrow (a person) p501

Dukhaanaa vt. To cause suffering or pain; to pain, to wound

Dukhnaa [duhkhati], vi. 1. to give pain, to ache. 2. to feel compassion (for: as the heart) 3. to feel compunction or remorse.

Duniyaa: f. 1. the world; this world, or life: transf. worldly goods or pleasures. 2. people. Duniyaadaar, adj. & m. worldly; down-to-earth, practical; a worldly person; man of the world. Duniyaadaarii, f. worldliness, attention to or skill in worldly matters; worldly affairs, or goods; wife and children, family; outward courtesy, ceremony; sexual relations. P 503

Duniyaavii: worldly, mundane.

Duur, adj & f. 1. adj. distant, remote. 2. removed (as a difficulty). 3. duur- [S]. distant; tele-: e.g. duur-sancaar, m. telecommunications. 4. adv. far, far off (from/se). 5. f. distance, remoteness (= duurii). ~ karnaa, to put or to keep at a distance; to remove (from/se); to conceal; to efface (as a memory); to avert (a calamity); to dispel (a doubt); to solve (a difficulty); to get rid of, to dispossess; to abolish. ~ kaa, adj. distant; future; distant (as a relative); far-reaching (as thought); far-fetched, wild (claim; boast); thorough going (a scolding); requiring careful consideration (a topic).

Dur-damătaa [cf. S. durdama-], f. indomitability

Dur-damya [S], adj. indomitable.

Dus-[S], pref. = dur-. Duster, adj. difficult to be crossed; difficult to reach or to accomplish. P506 (versions of the word)

Duśman, m. enemy; adversary

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Duśmanii, f. enmity; hostility; animosity. ~ ḍaalnaa, to sow enmity or discord (between/ men or ke biic)

Duṣṭ [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. corrupted, depraved. 2. wicked; vicious; corrupt (as a witness); false. 3. base. 4. HSS. vitiated, wrongful. 5. m. a wicked person, &c. 6. a villain; enemy. 7. wretch

Dvait [S], m. 1. double nature or entity, duality; ambiguity. 2. philos. Dualism (esp. that between the ultimate being and the universe). 3. Av. distinction, division. dvaitvaadii, adj

Dveṣ [S], m. hatred; aversion; spite; enmity

.EEE.

Ekânt [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. secluded, lonely. 2. private; secret. 3. unaccompanied. 4. being exclusive: extreme; excessive. 5. m. a secluded place &c.; the inner heart. 6. privacy. ~ aavashyak, adj. absolutely essential. P141

Ekdam [H. ek + P. dam], adv. 1. in a breath, in a moment; (all) at once; immediately. 2. quite, completely.

Ekras m. (a)monotonous (b) unchangeable

Eṛii, f. 1. heel. 2. heel (of footwear). ~ se coṭii tak, adv. from head to heel.

.FFF.

Faislaa [A.faiṣala], m. 1. adjudication (of a case); judgment. 2. decision (as between alternatives)

Fakhr, m. 1. glory. 2. just pride. 3. vainglory, boasting

Falaaṁ [A. fulaan], adj. inv. & m. 1. adj. such and such, any. 2. a particular, a certain. 3. m. a certain (man, &c). 4. pron. so and so.

Faarig, adj. free (of/se: as of a task or burden). ~ karnaa, to make free (from)

Faarkhatii, f. see s.v. faarig

Farmaan [P], m. an edict, decree; a royal letter, charter

Fariśtaa, m. 1. an angel. 2. a prophet

Fariyaad [P. faryaad], f. var. /firyad/. 1. complaint. 2. cry for help; appeal.

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Farq (m): difference

Farz, m. 1. musl. A religious obligation. 2. a moral obligation; a duty; responsibility. 3. supposition, assumption. ~ adaa karnaa, to discharge a duty, &c p 678

Fasl, f. division; season: 1. harvest-time; harvest (either autumn(khariif) or spring (rabii)). 2. crop, crops (either standing, or when ready for harvesting).

Fauran [A], adv. at once, immediately.

Faaydaa, m. 1. advantage, benefit. 2. gain; profit. 3. value, use. 4. convalescence

Fikr, f. 1. thought, reflection. 2. care. Concern; anxiety; grief. ~ karnaa, to reflect (upon/kii); to plan (for or about), to provide (for); to feel care or concern (about); to grieve; to pine.

Fursat, f. 1. leisure, free time. 2. opportunity (to do sg). 3. respite, rest (from/se); recovery (from illness). 4. reg. leave

.GGG.

Gaddaa, m. a mattress; a large padded cushion

Gaḍḍhaa, m. 1. a ditch, hole; a pit; crater. 2. a sunken area (as of ground, or of the cheeks). 3. a pitfall

Gadhaa: donkey

Gadyă [S], m. prose

Gaflat, f. 1. neglect; forgetfulness. 2. inattention. 3. heedlessness. 4. soundness (of sleep); unconsciousness. 5. a fainting fit p255

Gahraa [ghabiira-], adj. 1. deep; intimate (of feelings); sound (sleep); strong (drink); dark; viscous; heavy (with sleep). 2. profound; grave, weighty. 3. harsh, cruel (a blow)

Gaal, f. 1. the cheek. 2. Av. cheek, presumption. ~ bajaanaa, to talk haughtily; to boast; to blow air from the cheeks by striking them: as done in the recognition of Śiva (the sound produced is called bam-bam) p 264

Gaṛhaii [cf H. gaṛhaa], dimin. a pit ; a small pond or tank.

Gahraaii: f. 1. depth; profundity, &c. 2. a deep place; cavity; depth, gulf.

Galaa, m. 1. the throat; the neck; gullet. 2. fig. the voice. 3. neck or collar (of clothes)

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Galaanaa [cf. H. galnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be melted, to melt; to dissolve; to soften; to smelt (iron). 2. to cause to be wasted; to mortify; to benumb (of cold); to emaciate. 3. to cause to rot.

Galat, adj. 1. incorrect, wrong (as a sum, a conclusion). 2. untrue (a remark, &c). ~ karnaa, to determine or to regard as wrong; to annul; to disregard. ~ samajhnaa, to misunderstand.

Gaalii [gaalii-], f. 1. abusive language, abuse. 2. a type of indecent song sung at weddings.

Gaaliicaa, m. a small carpet

Galp [H. ¹gap, B. gappa], m. a tale, story.

Gam, m. 1. sadness; sorrow. 2. care, concern. ~ karnaa, or manaanaa, to grieve (for/par). ~ khaanaa, to suffer grief; to feel sympathy (for/kaa); to bear grief…p255

Gambhiir [S], adj. 1. deep; low (a sound). 2. peofound; unfathomable. 3. serious, thoughtful; earnest (a person); solemn; dignified.

Gaanaa: to sing

Gandharva-vivaah, m. marriage by mutual agreement, without any marriage ceremony

Ganimat, f. booty: 1. a piece of good fortune. 2. abundance. ~ hai ki, it’s a lucky thing that…

Gap, f. 1. casual talk, gossip. 2. baseless or exaggerated remarks; rumour.

Gapoṛaa [cf. H. ¹gap], m. = ¹gap, 2.

Gaṛbaṛi [cf. H. gaṛbaṛ ], f. ~ men paṛnaa, to fall into confusion

Garbhǎ [S.], m. the womb. 2. the belly. 3. conception, pregnancy. 4. foetus, embryo.

Gaṛh [gaḍha-], m. 1. a fort; a stronghold; castle. 2. socket (of the eye) p252

Gaṛhiyaa, f. 1. [cf. H. gaṛh] = gaṛhii (a small fort, fortification) 2. [cf. H. gaṛhaa] reg. = a small pond or tank.

Gariib [A. gariib], adj. & m. 1. adj. poor. 2. humble, modest. 3. mild (as the glance). 4. m. a poor man.

Gart: pit, ditch, gulf, chasm

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Gath, f. a song; song of praise

Gati [S.],f. 1. going, movement; course, motion; progress, development. 2. ending; death (and transmigration).3. situation, condition; a period of time. 4. manner, way of action; scope, reach. 5. means, recourse; shelter, protection (as offered by a god to a devotee).Gatimaan, adj. in motion; movable; dynamicGatishiil= gatimaan= gatihiin: adj. motionless; inert

Gau/Gaya: f. cow

Gavaana [cf. gayamati], vt. 1. to allow to be lost; to lose (a thing). 2. to lose, to miss (a road). 3. to waste, to squander (as money, time, opportunity)

Ghabraanaa/ghabṛaanaa, vi. & vt. 1. vi. To be confused; to be flustered; to be embarrassed. 2. to be perplexed. 3. to be perturbed, or alarmed. 4. vt. to confuse (a person); to fluster; to embarrass. 5. to perplex. 6. to alarm, to dismay, &c.

Ghamaṇḍ, m. 1. pride, arrogance;conceit. 2. vanity

Ghamaṇḍii, adj & m. 1. adj. proud, arrogant, conceited. 2. vain. 3. m. such a person.

Ghamaasaan, m & adj. 1. m. a fierce fight or battle; slaughter. 2. adj. fierce, murderous (as a battle). ~ karnaa, to wreak havoc (in, or among/men)

Ghan [Ghana-2], adj. & m. 1. adj. solid, dense; hard; coarse, heavy; thick, viscous; impenetrable (=ghanaa). 2. deep (colour, sound). 3. massed (clouds). 4. adj. very much… 6. collection, group. P284

Gharbaar, m. house and premises; household goods; family

Gharghasth, m. a householderGharghasthii, f. a household (its members and effects)

Ghaṛii [ghaṭikaa-], f. 1. a small space of time; spec. a period of twenty-four minutes. 2. a particular moment, or short period of time; a moment, an occasion. 3. an instrument to measure time; a watch; a clock.Ghaṛii- ghaṛii, adv. every now and again; repeatedly; constantly

Gharvaalaa, m. householder; husband; occupant of a house. (Gharvaalii…wife)

Ghaat, m. a landing place; wharf. 2. a slope to water, a river bank; a ford. 3. a flight of steps to water; embankment. 4. a place (as at a river bank) for washing clothes. 5. a mountain pass.

Ghaata, m. 1. a decrease, decline. 2. a reduction, fall (of prices). 3. shortfall, deficit; loss

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Ghaat [S], m. 1. killing, murder; destruction. 2. striking down, wounding. 3. a blow. 4. math. power (of a number). ~ karnaa (kaa), to kill; to destroy.

Ghat, m. 1. a large water-jar. 2. fig. the body. 3. m. f. the mind; the heart, the soul

Ghataanaa, vt. 1. to cause to be lessened: to lessen; to reduce (as prices); to alleviate. 2. to deduct (from/se); math. to subtract. 3. to cause to deteriorate; to impair

Ghatnaa, vi. 1. to decrease; to lessen, to be reduced; to fall. 2. to be deducted (from/se); math. to be substracted. 3. to deteriorate; to decline

Ghatvaanaa, vt. To cause to be decreased, &c.

Ghaav [ghaata-], m. 1. a wound; a bruise. 2. a sore. ~ karnaa (men), to wound (p288)

Ghisav, m. friction, abrasion; attrition.

Ghisnaa, vi, vt. & adj. 1. vi. To be rubbed; to be worn; to be worn down or smooth; to be scoured (clean). 2. vt. to rub; to rub down, to grind; to scour. 3. to groom (a horse). 4. adj. liable, or apt, to be worn by rubbing (as cloth)

Ghor [S], m. 1. terrible, frightful; awesome. 2. extreme, intense; deep (sleep); heavy (as rain); huge. 3. violent, vehement; harsh.

Ghoṛaa, m. 1. a horse (p 292)

Ghoṣănaa [S], f. 1. a declaration; annoucement; manifesto. 2. proclamation.

Ghotna, vt & m. 1. vt. To rub, to rub down; to polish; to grind. 2. to shave clean. 3. to squeeze (the throat), to choke. 4. to mix, to dissolve; to boil or to cook well. 5. colloq. to go over mechanically (a lesson to be learned by heart)…p 292

ghṇaa [S], f. 1. aversion; hatred, abhorrence. 2. contempt, disdain

Ghuumnaa, vi. 1. to revolve; to spin, to whirl. 2. to move in a circle; to go round or about; to travel; to wander. 3. to turn, to bend (as a road). 4. to turn round (a person). 5. to be or to becomedizzy; to be drowsy; to be tipsy

Ghusnaa , vi. 1. to penetrate; to thrust in; to enter forcibly. 2. to enter uninvited, or surreptitiously; to creep, to slink (into/mein). 3. to interfere (in). 4. to vanish, to evaporate (a feeling, an attitude)

Giidaṛ, m. 1. a jackal. 2. pej. a coward

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Ginnaa, vt. 1. to count, to calculate. 2. [x H. gunnaa] to consider, to estimate, to evaluate. 3. to consider of account.

Ginaanaa [cf H. ginnaa], vt & vi. 1. vt. to cause to be counted. 2. vi. Reg. to be counted; to be considered

Gintii [cf. H. ginnaa], f. 1. counting; calculation; enumeration. 2. reckoning, account. ~ karnaa, to count. ~ ke, adj. countable: a few, only a few.

Giraft [P. girift], f. 1. seizing, capture. 2. grasp, clutch; power. 3. a handle

Giraavat [cf. H. girna], f? a falling, fall

-giirii, noun formant, f. a taking , taking up or on (of an activity: eg. Gumaashtaagiirii, activity, or commission, of an agent).

Girna, vi. 1. to fall; to fall down, or over; to collapse. 2. to fall, to drop (on or on top of/par); to rush (upon/par), to attack. 3. to fall (price); to decline (an activity, or health); to drop (heat, wind). 4. to debouch (a river), to be cast (a vote). 5. to befall (a calamity). 6. to be disgraced; to be ruined; to fall (from/se: as from esteem)

Girne ke karn: because of falling

Glaanii, f. 1. languor; fatigue. 2. depression; remorse. 3. aversion, disgust (from, or at/par)Glaanii: f. compuction glaanii karnaa: vt. to slander, to accuse falsely. Glaanii honaa: vi. to feel compunction.

Gocnaa, vt. pl. HSS. To catch, to seize, to stop.

Gol [gola-], m. & adj. 1. anything round; a circle

Govaa [gomaya-], m. pl. cow-dung, manure

Gopǎniiyǎ, adj. 1. needing to be protected, or preserved. *2. needing to be kept secret, or hidden; confidential. ~rakhnaa, to keep, or to treat as, confidential.

Goyaa, adv. so to speak: as if, as though

Grahaṇ [S], m. 1. seizing, grasping; seizure. 2. mythol. Eclipse (seizure of sun or moon by the demon Raahu). 3. taking, accepting; acquisition; perception, grasp. 4. overshadowing, effacement. ~ karnaa, to seize; to receive, to accept; to obtain; to accede to; to grasp, to comprehend

Graahak [S], m. one who takes, receives or values sg.: a customer; a subscriber.

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Gh [S], m. 1. house, dwelling; home, 2. building or room assigned to a special purpose. 3. gh-, the sphere of house or home, domestic sphereGhasth, adj. & m. being a householder; a householder; a braahmaṇ carrying out the obligations of domestic life.Ghasthii, adj. & m. domestic; a household; householder

Ghṇaa [S], f. 1. aversion; hatred, abhorrence. 2. contempt, disdain.

Guphaa, f. a cave, place of retreat.

Gul, m. 1. a rose; a flower. 2. sg. burned: esp. a burnt wick, or its ash. P 272

Gulzaar [P. –zaar], m. & adj. A garden, or a bed, of rose or flowers; blooming, flourishing

Gulaab, m. rose-water. *2. a (red) rose

Guzaar m. 1. flower bed 2.garden a. blooming

Gum [P. gum], adj. 1. lost. 2. wanting, missing (as alertness, intelligence). 3. absent; hidden. ~ karnaa, to lose; to hide. Gumnaam, adj. whose name is lost: of no repute; anonymous; inglorious. P 271Gumraah, adj. & m. losing the way, wandering; misled; gone astray; one who has lost his way. ~ karnaa, vt. to lead astray

Gumaanaa: to turn

Gun [S.], m. 1. a quality, a property. 3. philos. Each of the three constituent of nature (viz. sattva “goodness”, rajas “passion” and tamas “darkness”) 5. a good quality, a virtue; a skill, aptitude; a talent. P 269

Gunaa [gu¸aka-], m. inv. & adj. 1. m. a multiplicative quantity. Koii ~ adhik, several times larger, or greater. 2. adj. (with numerals) a multiplicative suffix : -fold, times. Dugunaa, twice as much (as/se)

Gunaah [P.], m. 1. sin; fault, offence; vice. 2. guilt. ~ karnaa, to sin; to incur guilt

Guhyă [S], adj. 1. requiring, or able to be, hidden. 2. secret, mysterious; esoteric.

Gupt [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. hidden, secret; kept secret; confidential. 2. m. name of a north Indian community. 3. m. a dissembler, hypocrite. ~ karnaa, to conceal. ~ ruup, adv. secretely. Gupt-car, m. a scout, spy.

Guṛ m.jaggery

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Gussa, m. & adj. 1. m. anger; rage. 2. adj. colloq. angry. ~ karnaa, to be angry (with/par). P 273

Guzaarnaa, vt. 1. to cause to pass; to spend (time or one’s life); to complete. 2. to lay (a gift…) before (one)

Guzarnaa, vi. 1. to pass, to make one’s way (past). 2. to elapse (time); to befall, to happen (to/par). 3. (esp. guzar jaanaa). To pass by; to pass away, to die. – guzaraa, m. the past.

Gyaan: see jñaan

.HHH.

Hii, encl. 1. precisely; particularly (stressing a preceding word); one thing rather than another. 2. just, merelyused to emphasise, express acceptance, limitation, certainty or inaccessibility.

Had, f. 1. boundary. 2. limit, bounds; extent. 3. bar, obstruction. 4. adv. extremely, very. 5. adv. at most; at least (p1058)

Haḍḍii [cf H. haḍḍ-], f. 1. a bone. 2. a spavin. 3. hard core (of a carrot or similar root). 4. family; stock

Haahaakaar m. cry of distress, distressful lamentation, tumult, uproar

Haajii, m. musl. A pilgrim (to Mecca); one who has been to Mecca.

Hal, m. solution (of a problem)

Haal [A. hal], m. 1. state, condition. 2. circumstances, situation. 3. present and immediately preceding time. 4. account, story; news.Haal-caal, m. state, routine condition (of a person)

Haalaṁki, conj. That being the case: 1. although 2. however, nonetheless

Haal aanaa: to be inspired, to be thrown into ecstasies p1070

Haalat, f. particular state, condition; state of affairs

Halcal, f.1. stir, bustle; activity; commotion. 2. confusion; anarchy. 3. alarm, fright; panic. 4. wavering. ~ daalnaa, to strike confusion or terror (in/mein). ~ honaa, bustle, activity…to go on or to arise (in).

Halkaa: light

Hameśa [P. hameśa], adv. Always, constantly

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Hameśa ka, adj. existing always; eternalHameśa ke liye, adv. For ever

Hamlaa, m. 1. an attack. 2. assault (on a person). 3. aggression. ~ karnaa (par), to attack, &c

Haṅgaamaa [P hangaama], m. 1. tumultuous crowd; commotion, disturbance; din. 2. affray; riot

Hap, m. the sound of gulping in, or gobbling. ~ kar jaanaa, to eat up, to gobble up. ~ se khaanaa, id. Hap-jhap, adv. greedily, quickly (of eating). Hap-hap, id.

Haq, adj. & m. 1. adj. just, proper, right; true 2. m. justness, right; equity. 3. justice. 4. a right; a claim; privilege; franchise. 5. due share; due fee. 6. duty, obligation. 7. behalf, benefit; concern, advantage.

¹Haar , f. 1. a losing, defeat. 2. loss (a of money). 3. tiredness. 4. dejection²Haar [haara-], m. 1. a necklace. 2. a garland³Haar , m. reg. 1. a field; grazing ground. 2. the outer circle of the fields surrounding a village.

Haran [S.], m. 1. taking, seizing; carrying off; stealing. 2. taking away; removing (a difficulty; curing (a disease); ..p1060

Harj [A.], m. 1. trouble, loss, harm; inconvenience. 2. obstacle

Harjaa [P. harja], m. damages, compensation.

Harṣaṇ[S], state of ecstasy

Harṣit [S], adj. delighted, joyful; cheerful

Hast [S], m. 1. the hand. 2. the forearm. 3. astron. the thirteen lunar asterism

Hastii, f. 1. existence; the world; life. 2. wealth. 3. worth, merit. 4. transf. an important person.

Haṭh [S], m. 1. stubbornness, insistence (esp. unreasonable insistence). 2. crossness, sulks (of a child). 3. firm promise, or resolve. 4. force, violence. P1055

Haath [hasta-], m. p 1067/69. ~ par ~ dhare, or rakhe, adv. with arms folded. ~ par ~ dhare baiṭhe rahnaa, to sit doing nothing.

Hataanaa [cf. H. hatnaa], vt. 1. to remove; to move away, or aside. 2. to drive back or off, to repel. 3. to remove (from a post). 4. to postpone.

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Hatnaa, vi. 1. to move away, or aside (from/se); to turn aside; to withdraw, to retire. 2. to be driven back (as an enemy). 3. to be remove (from a post). 4. to desist (from). 5. to shrink (from). 6. to go back (on/se: as on a promise). 7. to be postponed

Hathelii , f. 1. palm (of the hand). 2. impression made by the palm.

Hatyaa [S], f. 1. killing; murder. 2. destruction. 3. a mortal sin. 4. a wretched creature. 5. fig. dire trouble; quarrel.

Haul, m. 1. fright, terror. 2. alarm. Hauldil, adj & m. frightened

Haul, m. U strength, power.

Havii, adj. 1. comprising, including. *2. getting within one’s grasp: dominating, prominent.Havii honaa, to include; to dominate or to be prominent (at the expense of/par)

Haazir, adj. 1. present. 2. ready, prepared, willing (to/ko, ke liye). ~ karnaa, to cause to appear, to present (a person); to hand over; to make ready. ~ honaa, to be present, or in attendance; to be ready, willing. Haazirjavaab, adj. ready with an answer, quick-witted; pert. ~ii, f. readiness with an answer etc.; repartee.

Hii, encl. 1. precisely; particularly (stressing a preceding word); one thing rather than another. 2. just, merelyused to emphasise, express acceptance, limitation, certainty or inaccessibility.

Hijje [A. hijaa], m. syllabification, spelling. ~ karnaa, to spell, &c ; to probe (a matter) ; to wrangle (over a matter). ~ nikaalnaa, to find fault (with). ~ pakṛaanaa, to find mistakes (of detail: in)

Hilaanaa [cf. H. 1. hilnaa], vt. 1. to shake. 2. to swing (legs, stick etc.); to wave (hand); to wag (tail). 3. to nod (the head, in agreement or disagreement). 4. to shrug (the shoulders). 5. to move, to dislodge. 6. to rouse (from sleep; or to action).

Himmat (f): courage

Hiinătaa [S.], f. 1. want, deprivation (of). 2. destitution. 3. deficiency, inferiority; baseness.

Hisaab, m. 1. counting, calculation; a calculation. 2. an account (business); accounts. 3. arithmetic. 4. a bill (of charges). 5. rate, price, charge. 6. measure; proportion. 7. calculation; rule, standars. 8. estimate, judgement. 9. calculated manner, manner of thought or action. 10. condition, situation

Hissaa [A. hissa], m. 1. part; section, division. 2. portion, share. 3. fin. A share. 4. dividend. 5. fig. sympathy

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Honaa, vi. 1. to be; to exist; to be present. 2. to become. 3. esp. ho jaanaa. To be accomplished, effected, done. Kaam ho gayaa hai, the job is finished. 4. to be committed (as error &c; by/se). 5. to result. 6. to happen. 7. to be born. 8. to serve (a purpose). 9. to be felt, experienced (an emotion: by/ko); to be suffered (as hunger: by/ko). 10. to elapse (time). 11. esp. ho jaanaa. To come to an end. Ho gayaa? Is (the meal, &c.) over? Are you finished? Ho aanaa, to become all at once; to spring up, to arise; to appear, to drop in (on/ke yahan); to have returned from, to have been in or to (a country, &c.). P 1081

Honii, f. 1. being, existence. 2. birth, origin. 3. = honhaar, 5.

Hoś, m. 1. consciousness, the senses. 2. mind, understanding; the wits. 3. sense, discretion p1042

Hośiyaar, adj. 1. intelligent. 2. knowledgeable. 3. skilful (at or in/men). 4. careful, alert. 5. sensible; sober. 6. knowing, shrewd. ~! interj. watch out! be careful! ~ karnaa, to apprise; to forewarn. ~ rahnaa, to be on one’s guard (against/se); to keep watch. ~ ho jaanaa, to reach the age of discretion, to leave the childhood behind.

Hujuum, m. a crowd

Hukm, m. 1. order, command; instruction. 2. judgement, finding (of a court); order, decree. 3. jurisdiction, authority; rule. 4. leave, permission, sanction. 5. (in cards) spade

.III.

Icchaa [S], f. 1. wish, desire. 2. will. ~ karnaa (kii), to wish, to desire

Ikaṭṭhaa, adj. 1. collected, assembled; (gathered) together. 2. taken together, totaled. ~ karnaa, to collect; to accumulate; to call together, to convene; to sum up, to total; to concentrate, to consolidate (as resources).

Iimaan, m. 1. belief (esp. in God); faith, creed. 2. good faith: honesty; trustworthiness; integrity. 3. honour. 4. conscience p110Iimaandaar, adj. believing, feeling faith; faithful; righteous, guided by conscience; honest; trustworthy.

Inkaar, m. 1. denial; objection (as to an argument); contradiction. 2. refusal; rejection. ~ karnaa (se), to deny; to contradict; to refuse (to); to reject.

Intazaam, m. 1. arrangement. 2. order, method; discipline. 3. organisation. ~ karnaa (kaa), to arrange; to arrange for; to manage; to plan. ~ denaa (ko), to impart order (to): to arrange, to regulate. # rakhnaa, to keep order etc.

Intazaar, m. expecting, waiting (anxiously). ~ karnaa, to wait (for/ka)

Iirṣyaa [S], f. 1. envy. 2. jealousy. 3. spite, ill-will

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Iiś [S], m. 1. lord, master. 2. the supreme spirit. 3. ruler; king. 4. husband

Ishaaraa: m. hint, signal, indication, nod, gesture

Is par bhi: despite this

Iṣṭ [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. desired. 2. cherished; favourite. 3. revered. 4. m. an object of desire, love or reverence; a favoured deity; a beloved person; one favoured by a deity. 5. faith, trust, love. 6. aim, goal. ~-kaal, m. astrol. favourable moment ~ - dev, m. the favoured deity of a family, or of an individual.

Iiśvăriiyă [S], adj. of God, divine

Itnaa: as much as this

-iiyă [S], suffix (form adjectives, e.g. bhaaratiiya, Indian)

Izzat [A. ‘izza: P. ‘izzat], f. honour; good name; esteem

.JJJ.

Zabardastii cf .ZZZ.

Jab, adv. & conj. 1. when , at the time when; while. 2. whereas. ~ kabhii, adv. wherever. ~ kaa, adj. of that time, of the time when: past, previous, last. ~ kaa ~, or ~ kaa tab, adv. at the proper moment. ~ ki, conj. = ~, ~ ~, conj. Whenever. ~ tak, conj. As long as; (with neg.) until; by which time, by that time. ~ tab, adv. sometimes, occasionally. …p357

(jhaaduu) the broom

Jagah, f: place

Jagaanaa [cf H, jagnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be awake, to awaken; to rouse. 2. to make conscious or alert; to stimulate. 3. to kindle, to revive (as a flagging fire)

Jagnaa [cf. H. jaagnaa], vi. 1. to wake up. 2. to be awake. 3. to burn (a flame).

Jaagaraṇ [S], m. 1. wakefulness. 2. vigil. 3. awareness.

Jaise, adv. 1. in the way in which, just as. 2. for instance. 3. as if. ~ bane, adv. As well as may be, somehow or other. ~ hii, conj. As soon as; precisely in the way in which, jaise-jaise, adv. In proportion as, just as. Jaise-taise, adv. Somehow or other, by hook or by crook, with difficulty

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Jaiv [S], adj. 1. pertaining to living creatures. 2. chem.. organic

Jaivikii [S], f. biology

Jal [jala-], m. 1. water. 2. (in chronograms) a symbol for the number four. p361Jalmay, adj. consisting, or filled with, water

Jalnaa [jvalati], vi. 1. to burn; to be lit (lamp, stove); to be on a fire (cooking ustensil)… 2. to be on fire; to be burned down (building). 3. to be cremated (body)… 6. to feel envy, or jealousy. 7. to feel irritation, exasperation, anger.

Jalaanaa [cf. H. jalnaa], vt. 1. to burn, to light (lamp, stove). 2. to set on fire; to burn down… 4. to inflame (feelings); to cause distress…

Jalvaa, m. making clear: splendour, lustre; beauty

Jaam, m. a goblet, drinking vessel.

Jaam [janman-], m. a son.

Jaam- [cf. janman-: Pk. jammai], vi. Av. to arise, to be produced, to germinate.

Jamaa: A1. collection, accumulation. 2. addition, adding up. 3. capital, wealth. 4. aggregate amount, sum, total. 5. stock, assets…B1collected, accumulated. 2. added. 3. credited…

Jamaanaa [cf H. ¹jamnaa], vt. 1. to cause to be fixed, or to adhere ; to set or to lay in place (as a brick) ; to spread (a layer). 2. to cause to congeal; to freeze (water); to clot, to coagulate (milk, blood). 3. to cause to take root, to plant. 4. to fix, to lay down; to measure out (a distance). 5. colloq. To deliver (a blow, a slap); to hit (a score: cricket). 6. to collect, to amass. 7. to establish, to consolidate (a position, an activity, an ascendancy). 8. to impress (upon, par: as one’s words, or authority).

Jamaavṛa [cf. H. jamaav], m. a gathering, assembly.

Jaaṁc [yaacnaa-], f. 1. examination, investigation; enquiry; interrogation. 2. test; appraisal, evaluation. 3. verification. 4. research, analysis.

Jaaṁcnaa [yaacyate], vt. 1. to examine, to investigate ; to enquire into ; to interrogate. 2. to test; to appraise, to evaluate. 3. to verify. 4. to research, to analyse

Jaan, f. & adj. 1. f. life, spirit; animating force (expression showing [jaan], f. in this sense often coexist with equivalents containing [jo], m. ). 2. vitality, viguour. 3. essential quality, essence. 4. adornment, grace, beauty. 5. sweetheart, darling. 6. adj. dear, beloved

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Jan [jana-], m. a living being: 1. a man; a person. 2. an attendant, servant; adherent (of a leader, or a deity). 3. (pl and in comp.) people, folk; community, a group

Jaṅgam [S], adj & m. 1, adj. moving, not stationary; living. 2. movable. 3. wandering, itinerant (as a beggar). 4. m. name of a Śaiva community.

Jaanvar (P) m. (a) living being, creature (b) animal (c) beast

Jaanaa, vi. 1. go; to depart; to travel; to issue (from/se); to go, to lead (to: as a road); to be sent, dispatched (as a telegram); to go on, to continue; to turn (to/par: as the thoughts); to act, to proceed. 2. to pass, to pass away; to elapse; to be lost; to be spent; to be destroyed or ruined. 3. to diminish, to dwindle, to evaporate (as courage, patience), to vanish; to be gone for good. 4. euph. To die. 5. to be forgotten, or passed over; to be overlooked (as an offence). 6. to be without, or deprived (of/se). p 368

Janaab, m. a title of respect (also euph.): you honour, your excellency; hi honour, his excellency

Janănii [S], f. mother, progenitrix

Janm [S.], m. 1. birth. 2. origin; emergence. 3. existence: lifetime; incarnation p 356

Janmaaṣṭamii, f. hind. The eight day of the dark half of the month Bhaadoṁ, the birth-day of Krishna; the festival held on that day.

Janmaantar, m. another birth, the next life

Jaannaa: to know

Jantu, m. an animal; a creature; an insect, &c.

Jap [conn. Japya-], m. 1. repetition in a low tone of an incantation, or the name of a deity; counting silently the beads of a rosary, &c. 2. a muttered prayer or spell. 3. meditation on the name of a deity

Jar [jataa-], f. 1. root. 2. basis, foundation; basic or essential aspect. origin, cause.Jaṛ ² a. 1. root 2. source, origin. 3. foundation

Jar [jada], adj. & m. 1. adj lifeless, inert; unfeeling. 2. composed of lifeless matter, material. 3. senseless, stupid. 4. cold, numb. 5. m. an inanimate or inert body; lifeless matter. 6. a stupid person.Jaṛ, f. 1. inanimate, lifeless, inert 2. sluggish, inactive 3. stupid, idioticJaṛ-cetan. a. the animate and the inanimateJaṛvaad. m. materialismJaṛvaadi. a. & m. materialistic, materialistJaṛvat, adj. EH. Inert

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Jaraa [S], old age: infirmity, decrepitude.

Jaṛatvă [S], m. = jaṛăta [S], f. 1. lifelessness; inertness; insensibility. 2. senselessness, stupidity. 3. torpor, apathy.

Jarraa. See zarraa

Jaasti tkLrh & T+;knkIt means ‘more’, ‘much’

Jaat [ad. Jaata-], adj. born; produced.

Jaat [ad. Jaati-], f. birth etc. jaat-paant, f. lineage, family ; community, caste. Jaatvaalaa, m. a person of high caste; a caste-fellow. See jaati p 367

Javaahar [A. javaahir, pl. & sg.], m. pl. & sg. 1. pl. jewels, precious stones. (= javaaharaat/A. javaahiraat) 2. sg. Jewel

Javaanii: early adulthood

Jhagaa, m. a long, loose garment (specif. as worn by very young children). [Baba says jhangola in the Trimurti one hour course]

Jhagṛaa, m. a quarrel; dispute, row; fight, brawl; quarrelling.

Jhagṛaaluu, adj. & m. 1. adj. quarrelsome, truculent; litigious. 2. m. a quarrelsome person.

Jhaaṛ, m. 1. a bush. 2. bushes, undergrowth, bambles; scrub; vegetation. 3. a chandelier. 4. a type of firework

Jhaaṛuu, m. a broom. ~ denaa (mein), to sweep (a room etc.); to make a clean sweep, to spare nothing…~lagaanaa (mein), to sweep (a room) p 393

Jhaṭ, m & adj. 1. m. quickness. 2. adj. quick; adv. quickly, at once. P 389

Jhuknaa, vi. .1 to be bent down, to bend; to droop; to lean, to incline; to sink; to be lowered, to drop (a flag, or the eyes); to nod, to sink (the head). 2. to bend down; to stoop; to crouch. 3. to submit, to yield (to/ke samne, ke aage); to pay homage (to). 4. to be perplexed (the mind). 5. to incline (towards/kii aur); to show an interest (in), or a proclivity (for). 6. to round, to turn (on/par or kii aur). 7. colloq. to be spent or thrown away (in or on/mein)

Jhuknaa, vi: to bowJhukaanaa, vt: to bow (the head…)

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Jhuṇḍ, m. 1. a flock (of animals or birds); a troop; herd; swarm. 2. a crowd, band. 3. clump.

Jhuuth, m. & adj. 1. m. a lie; falsehood. 2. adj. lying, false

Jhuuthaa, adj & m. 1. adj. Lying; false. 2. insincere, hypocritical. 3. illusory, unsound (belief); vain. 4. counterfeit, forged, spurious. 5. impure (metal, alloy, commodity). 6. unreliable, defective; useless. 7. m. a liar, a false person.

Jii [jiiva-], m. (with expressions showing “jii” there often co-exist equivalents showing “jaan”, f., or “dil”,m.; and sometimes “man”, m). 1. life, spirit; inner self; mind; heart, feelings. 2. spirits, courage, morale. 3. bodily state; health; vigour. 4. affection, regard.

Jiibh [jihvaa-], f. 1. the tongue. 2. a flat, projecting part: tongue (of a shoe); nib (of a pen).

Jilaanaa [cf. jiivala-], vt. 1. to give life to; to animate; to revive. 2. to allow to live, to preserve alive. 3. to keep (an animal).

Jiinaa [jiivati], vi. 1. to be alive, to live; to exist. 2. to enjoy life

Jiit [cf.H.jiitnaa], f. winning, victory; a win; a success.

Jiite jii, adv. living, alive; in the lifetime (of/ke); to the length of (one’s) life.Jiite jii marnaa, to die a living death; to suffer extreme misery or anguish.

Jiitnaa, vt. & vi. 1. vt. Overcome, to defeat (an enemy); to conquer; to beat. 2. to win (a battle, contest, prize). 3. to win the favour of, to win (one) over. 4. vi. To be won, to be successful (a case, a suit)

Jitnaa, adj & adv. As much as; as many as; however much, however many. ~…utnaa (hii), as much, or as many as… (just) so much, or so many.

Jitnaa, vi. To be conquered or subdued; to be won.

Jiivat [S], adj. 1. living, alive; for or during life. 2. [x H. jiivit] lively (a person). Jiivanmukt, adj. & m. released, while living, from future birth; one so released. Jiivanmukti, f. release from future birth, residence of the soul with braahmaṇ.

Jiivit, adj. & m. 1. adj. restored to life. *2. living, alive. 3. live (as a wire:= garam). 4. m. life, existence.

Jiiv-jantu: living creature

Jiyaa- vt. Brbh. Av. = jilaanaa

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Jñaan [S], m. 1. knowledge; understanding; wisdom. 2. learning. 3. consciousness. 4. philos. understanding of the identity of the self with the ultimate braahma¸

Jo p 381

Jo bhii: whoever, whichever

Jor: see zor

Jornaa, vt. 1. to join; to unite, to connect, to attach. 2. to attach. 2. to lay (bricks); to set (type); to solder; to set (a bone); to assemble (components); to mend, to patch; to stitch together; to bind up, to heal (a wound, a broken heart). 3. to gather together, to amass; to save up (money); to compile, or compose (a literary work). 4. to make an addition; to add; to count up. 5. to harness (as to a horse: se). 6. to match, to mate. 7. to put a light to: to light (a fire, a lamp). 8. to form, to strike up (a connection, relationship).

Joś, m. 1. boiling. 2. heat, excitement; passion; ardour, enthusiasm; rage; frenzy

Judaaii, f. 1. separation, parting; absence. 2. estrangement. 3. distinction, difference.

Julnaa [cf. *yuṭati], vi. In comp. w. milnaa, to be joined, to meet; to be harmonious, to agree

Juṭaanaa, vt. to cause to collect, or to combine: to collect; to amass, to obtain

Juṭnaa, vi. 1. to join; to adhere; to heal, to close (a wound). 2. to be adjoining, or adjacent. 3. to close (with, se:in fight). 4. to be involved or absorbed (in/mein, or ke piche): as in a task). 5. to be collected, to collect; to come together, to assemble; to get together (as to plot or to intrigue).

Juṛnaa [cf. jornaa], vi. 1. to be joined, to be attached; to be added, appended. 2. to cause to be mended, repaired. 3. to be collected ( = Juṭnaa); to come together, to assemble. 4. to be available (to/ko). 5. to be fastened, to be yoked ( = jutnaa); to be stuck together.

Jvaalaa, f. 1. flame, blaze. 2. burning sensation

Jvalan [S], m. 1. burning, blazing; conflagration. 2. burning feeling: an outburst (as of anger)

Jyoṁ, adv. in the way in which; just as; likeJyoṁ hii, at the moment when, as soon as; just as if (p385)- Jyoṁ-Jyoṁ, conj. In proportion as. Jyoṁ-Jyoṁ, adv. somehow or other; with difficulty

Jyoti [S], f. light; brilliance, radiance.

.KKK.

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Kabhii: p167

Kacahrii, f. 1. a court. 2. a public office. 3. the people assembled, esp. in a court, or office: a crowd; company, group. 4. the business of a court, or office. ~ karna, to hold a court; to carry on official work

Kaccaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. uncooked; untreated, raw (as unrefined brick, unslaked lime). 2. unripe, green (as fruit, wood). 3. crude, pertly processed (as paper, raw sugar, pig-iron). 4. immature, crude; undigested. 5. rough, sketchy; preliminary, provisional. 6. unfinished, incomplete. 7. imperfectly known or acquired, or skilled. 8. inexperienced, simple; stupid. 9. deficient; not fast (dye); not permanently confirmed (in tenure: a cultivator); undependable (a person). 10. unsound, false; incorrect, unreliable (as advice); invalid ( a document); discreditable (remarks). 11. unsteady, unstable. 12. timid; tender. 13. m. preliminary work: a plan, sketch, draft; basting stitch. P 156

Kachuaa: tortoise

KacaRa, m. = kacra, 2., 3. kacaRa kcaD,aKacra 2, m. 1. rubbish, sweepings, straw; husks

Kadâcit [S.], adv. 1. at some time; hardly ever. 2. perhaps. (cf comment Hindi in “indications for translations”)

Kaafii [A], adj. 1. enough, sufficient. 2. a fair or considerable amount of. 3. adv. quite, fairly

Kaafir, adj. & m. 1. adj. not believing (esp. in Islam); impious. 2. m. an unbeliever, infidel. 3. pej. base person, wretch; villain.

Kahaa [conn. Kasya], interr. Pron., &c, Brbh. 1. what? Which?. 2. rhetor. How? Why?

Kahaa [H. kahnaa], m. something said: 1. a remark; remarks. 2. advice. 3. an order. ~ karnaa, to carry out the instructions (of/ka). ~maannaa (ka), to obey. Kahaa-kahii, f. exchange of words. Kahaa-sunii, f. dispute, wrangle.

Kahaaṁ, adv 1. where? 2. rhetor. in what (possible) case? how? 3. whither? ~…~…, where (on the (?) one hand)…where (on the other): what a difference between…and … ~ kaa, of what place? Strange, unusual; of no sort. ~ kaa ~, from where to where?: where indeed? Extremely, intensively; far p 184

Kahiim, adv. 1. somewhere; anywhere. ~ bhii, anywhere at all. 2. by some chance; anyhow; perhaps. 3. rethor. By no means. 4. w neg. may it not happen that; lest. 5. to how great an extend: greatly. ~ aur, somewhere else. ~ ~, adv. here and there; at times; at intervals. ~ … ~, adv. in one place… in another; now… now; at intervals. ~ kaa, adj. belonging to somewhere. ~ kaa ~, adv. here and there; now here, now there; from one

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state or place to another, quite transformed. ~ nahin adv. nowhere. ~ se, adv. from somewhere; from anywhere. Jahan ~, adv. wherever. Har ~, adv. everywhereKahiim kaa: of any place, of some unknown place.Kahiim kaa Kahiim: at the wrong placeKahiim na Kahiim: somewhere or the other

Kahnaa p183*Kaha jaata hai: it is said

Kal: yesterday, tomorrow Kaal (m): time, age, period; grammatical tense

Kaalaa, adj. 1. black. 2. wicked. 3. fearful, dire. 4. m. a title of Krishna. P194

Kalaṅk [S], m. 1. a spot, mark; disfigurement. 2. blemish, disgrace. 3. accusation, suspicion, aspersion p176 near words

Kalaś, m. = kalsaa [kalaśa-], m. 1. a water-pot, pitcher, jar. 2. a rounded pinnacle or a ball, & c., on the top of a dome; crest, finial p177

Kalyaan [S], m. 1. welfare, prosperity; good fortune. 2. a virtuous or auspicious action p180 ~karna: to bring about (one’s) well-being or salvation. Kalyankari: adj. auspicious, conducive to one’s well-being, &c.

Kaam, m. action, act. 2. work, task. 3. occupation; business. 4. matter, business in hand; purpose. 5. a feat. 6. service, use; need (of/se). 7. workmanship; manufacture. 8. needlework.Kaam lenaa, to set to work; to make use (of/se)

Kaam [S.], m. 1. desire. 2. sexual desire; passion; lust. 3. the object of desire, &c. 5. –kaam. desirous of (eg. satyakaam, adj. desirous of truth, righteous)

Kam, adj. & adv. 1. adj. little, few, small (of amount or quantity); deficient, scanty. 2. less (than/se). ~ se ~, less than little: the least, the fewest. 3. adv. little; seldom. P168

Kamaaii [cf. H. kamaanaa], f. 1. the act of earning or acquiring. 2. earnings, gain, profits. 3. due recompense, or retribution

Kamal, m. a lotus

Kaamănaa [S], f. 1. desire. 2. lust.

Kamaanaa, vt. 1. to earn. 2. to acquire; to save, to accumulate. 3. to work (sg): to treat, to tend, to service.

Kamar [P.], f. 1. the waist, the loins. 2. waist (of a garnment)

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Kambakhta a. unfortunate, unlucky, miserable

Kaaṁṭhaa [kaṅtha-], m. 1. Av. throat. 2. [kaṇṭhaka-] red and blue ring round a parrot’s throat. 3. Brbh. edge, shore.

Kaṇ [S], m. 1. a particle, small fragment, granule; a grain, seed; drop. 2. facet (of a cut stone)

Kañcan [ad. Kaañcana-], m. gold.

Kandhaa [skandha-], m. the shoulder

Kańgaal, adj. 1. poor. 2. wretched

Kaanii [kanya-], f. the little finger.

Kanisth, adj. 1. smallest; little (finger). 2. youngest; younger (brother); junior.

Kanisthikaa, f. the little finger.

Kankar [cf. karkara-], m. 1. a nodule of limestone. 2. a stone; pl. stones, gravel. 3. a hard piece, fragment. 4. an uncut jewel.Kankar-patthar: pebbles and stones, shingle, gravel; fig. rubbish

d.BsA & fdukjk banks or shore. kNza kNzo pr

Kaanuun: see Q

Karaṇ [s], m. 1. cause; means, instrument. 2. motive, purpose; reason. 3. prime cause; source, basis. 4. (in tantric ritual; and transf.) alcoholic drink. 5. adv. & ppn. w. [ke], because of . is ~ (se), adv. for this reason

Karaanaa [cf. H. karnaa], vt. To cause to be done (by/se); to effect (as an introduction, a change); to perform (a sacrifice, &c).

That ShivBaba is karanhar (the one who performs actions himself) as well as karavanhar (the one who gets actions performed by others). Through whom is he karanhar? Through Brahma he performs and shows actions. No matter, whether the children would do or they wouldn’t. He does himself and shows. This s called karanhar. And then the father is karavanhar too. No matter whether he himself would do or not, but he will get performed by the children.

Karaṇik a. having a cause

Kaarbaar [P. –baar], m. dealings, business; trade; occupation

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-kaarii [S], adj. formant. Doing, making, performing (eg. karyakaarii, performing an act; executive)

-kaarii, f. formant. Work (eg. dastakaarii, f. handicraft)

Kariśmaa [P. kiriśma], m. wink, glance: 1. wonderful deed; a wonder, phenomenon. 2. talisman, charm; charisma. ~ dikhaanaa, to perform a feat.

Kaarkhaanaa, m. factory; workshop; business, activity

Karnighor Brahmins578 p 3On the path of bhakti they say: Baba when you come, we will sacrifice everything, we will surrender. It was just like Karnighor. There are Karnighor Brahmins, aren’t they? When someone dies, the things that belongs to him, however old they are, the Karnighor Brahmins take everything. This Father also has come as a Karnighor Brahmin. But what will the Father do after taking them? They don’t die alive (jite ji marna). This is a matter of dying in an unlimited way. The Father takes away the old vices of those who die alive.

Karoṛ, m. ten millions, a crore

Kaaru [S], m. poet. a maker, craftsman

Kaṛuaa a. bitter, astringent ( = kaṛvaa q.v.)

Kaṛuaanaa vi. 1. to become bitter or pungent. 2. to become angry. 3. (aankhe) to burn for want or sleep.

Kartavyă [S], m. to be done: 1. duty. 2. task p175

Kartavyătaa [S], f. sense of duty

Kaaryǎ [S.], m. 1. action, act; activity. 2. work, task, duty; function, role. 3. occupation. 4. business, matter (in hand); agenda

Kaśiś, f. 1. attraction, attractive power. 2. attractiveness, charm.

Katakatit: so called

Kathan [S], m. 1. narrating. 2. a narrative; an account; statement. 3. utterance, words. 4. a type of literary composition, unbroken narrative by a single speaker.

Kaṭhin [S], adj. 1. hard; sharp (a blade &c). 2. harsh. 3. difficult; burdensome.

Kathit [S], adj. 1. said, uttered; narrated. 2. spoken (language).

Kaṭnaa [cf. H. kaaṭnaa], vi. 1. to be cut; to be harvested (grain). 2. to be cut off, or cut away; to be written out (a cheque). 3. to be killed (as in battle); to be killed (as by a train);

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to be slaughtered. 4. to be deducted (from/se). 5. to be removed (from/se: as a name from a list). 6. to be squandered (money). 7. to be spent (time); to be endured, lived through. 8. to be ended (as tribulations). 9. to disappear, to be removed; to be effaced; to be faded, bleached (colour); to be annulled (sins). 10. to be countered or made inefective (as a playing cards when trumped). 11. to avoid, to shun (another). 12. to run off, to diverge (from/mein se: a branch road, or canal). 13. to be divisible (a number by/se, another). 14. fig. to be hurt, wounded; to be ashamed, or humiliated. p158

Kaaṭnaa [kartati¹], vt. 1. to cut; to cut into; to carve, to saw; to cut (a crop); to write (a cheque); to cut (cards); to book (a ticket). 2. to cut apart, to divide; to cleave (as waves); maths to cut (one line with another); arith. To divide (one number into another). 3. to bite into (food). 4. to bite (of an animal, a snake); to sting. 5. to gnaw; to eat away (as ants). 6. to wound; to chafe (against/mein: as a shoe the foot). 7. to cut out, to erase; to wash out (dirt, or sin); to delete; to cancel (a ticket, or an item from a programme); to abolish. 8. to disconnect (as a carriage from a train). 9. to cut away, to erode. 10 to spend (time, life); to to while away (time); to complete (a term). 11. to make, to drive (a road etc.); to lay out (road garden)…22.to be sharp; to be pungent; to be corrosive, or virulent; to sting (as cold wind).

Kaṭor: strict, stern

Kaurav [S], adj & m. connected with the Kurus

Kaurii [kapardikaa-:Drav.], f. 1. a small shell, a cowrie (formerly in use as a barter token of very low value). 2. colloq. a small amount of money. 3. a gland; a hard swelling. 4. a white mark on the finger nail

Kaayaa, f. 1. the body. 2. body (of an object); trunk (of a tree). 3. outer form, appearance. 4. [engl. body] an incorporated bodyKaayaa-kalp, m. rejuvenation (esp. by magical means)Kaayaa palt, f. transformation, metamorphosis; change of body, rebirth; recovery of health (after illness); an elixir of youth.

Kaayar: coward

kayiyan shariir

dkb;k¡ 'kjhj frail or skinny body; weak

Kendră, m. centre; middle part

Keval, adj & adv. 1. exclusively (one’s own), sole; one and only, absolute. 2. adv. Only; solely, merely.

Khabar, f. 1. news; information. 2. report, notification; message. 3. rumour. 4. fig. heed, care, attention. 5. firg. Good judgment or sense. Khabardaar, adj. & interj. watchful, careful; be careful!

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Khaḍḍ, m. 1. a pit; a gap. 2. low ground between hills; a pass, saddle. 3. ravine

Khaḍḍa, m. reg. 1. a pit; hollow. 2. dimple

Khadeṛ [cf. H. khadeṛnaa], f. chase, pursuit.

Khaad: “'khaad' which literally means fertilizer, but in spiritual terms it means mixturity, just as a cheap metal is mixed with a costly metal to make it cheap, thus reducing the quality. In the murlis, khaad refers to the alloy of vices.”

Khaak, f. 1. dust; earth. 2. ashes. 3. fig. nothing at all; sg. useless. Kyaa ~ hai, it’s of no use at all.

Khalas, adj. & m. 1. adj. freed; released. 2. needy, poor. 3. m. deliverance, release; discharge (as from service). 4. relief (from any burden)

Khaalsaa adj. & m. 1. adj. = khaalis. 2. hist. exchequer, revenue department. 3. hist. crown or government lands. *4. m. the Sikh order or brotherhood established by Guru Govind. Khaalse laganaa, hist. to be appropriated or confiscated (by the government).

Khaan, f. 1. a mine, a quarry; source. 2. a store; treasury. 3. ample store, abundance

Khaanaa vt&m. 1. vt. To eat. 2. to consume; to swallow; to inhale; to devour 3. to take. To take in, to accept…5. to suffer, to endure…p235

Khand [ad. Khanda-], m. 1. a piece, fragment; part. 2. a division; floor, or apartment (of a house); region (of a country, or of the world); section, segment; chapter; fascicule

Khandnaatmak a.1. segmental 2. repudiative 3. destructive

Khandit, adj. 1. broken into pieces; destroyed; split, divided; interrupted, broken off (as proceedings). 2. made imperfect; refuted; contradicted; impugned; disappointed (as trust, hope). ~ karnaa, to break, to destroy etc.

Khaar, m. 1. a thorn. 2. cock’s spur. 3. fig. rancour; envy; jealousy

Khara honaa: to be standing

Kharaab, adj. 1. bad, worthless; inferior. 2. spoiled; contaminated. 3. ruined; destroyed. 4. wretched, miserable (state). 5. corrupt, depraved; indecent; wicked. 6. violated (a woman). ~ karnaa, to spoil etc.; to ruin etc.; to corrupt; to violate.

Kharc , m. 1. outgoings: expenditures, expenses. 2. expense, cost

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Khaas, adj. 1. particular, special; distinct; express (as a stipulation). 2. specific; personal, private (house, servant, session). 3. choice, best (goods). 4. main, chief (in standing or importance). 5. U. noble. ~ karke, adv. = khaaskar P236Khaas taur par: especially

Khaaskar, adv. in particular, especially.

Khaasiyat, f. quality, special property; special nature

Khaatir, f. what occurs to the mind: 1. regard, respect. 2. considerate attention; hospitality. 3. ppn. out of consideration (for/kii)

Khatm, m & adj. 1. m. end. 2. adj. finished, completed, done; exhausted (as a commodity). ~ karnaa, to finish; euph. To do for, to kill. ~ honaa, to come to an end, to finish, to stop; to be finished, exhausted.

Khaṭṭaa, adj & m. 1. adj. acid, sour, tart. 2. m. a citron…daaṁt khaṭṭe karnaa (ke), fig. to give a reverse (to), to discomfit

Khayaal m. 1. thought, idea, notion 2. opinion, viewKhayaalaat: pluralKhayaalii, adj. 1. imaginary. 2. fanciful. 3. illusory

Khasoṭ [cf. H. khasoṭnaa], m. a plucking or tearing out. 2. a scratch, tear

Khauf, m. fear. ~ karnaa, to be afraid (of/se)…p246. khaufnaak, adj. fearsome, terrifying; afraid.

Khazaanaa, m. 1. treasury; store. 2. finance, revenue. 3. a treasure. khule khasaane, adv. openly, publicly.

Khel, m. 1. play; sport; amusement; dallying. 2. a game. 3. sg. Easy or unimportant: a trifle. 4. a wonder, a spectacle. 5. showing (as of a film)

Khidmat, f. 1. service. 2. employment, work. 3. a service, favour

Khiiṁcnaa, vt. 1. to pull; to drag. 2. to draw (as a sword). 3. to draw, to attract. 4. to draw (a line, a picture); to take (a photograph)

Khitpit: problem (not seen in dictionary)

Khonaa [kṣapayati], vt. 1. to lose. 2. to cause to be lost or destroyed; to waste

Khot: “'Khot' means any weakness, shortcoming, defect, etc.”Khoṭ, m. (f, pl). 1. fraud, falsehood; unfaithfulness, insincerity. 2. wickedness, vice. *3. fault, defect; adulteration. 4. hurt, harm; loss (in trade)

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Khoṭaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. false, fraudulent; treacherous; insincere. 2. wicked, vicious, bad. *3. defective: adulterated; counterfeit. 4. m. a false person, &c

Khuub [P. Khuub], adj. 1. fine, splendid; lovely, charming. 2. adv. very much, lots (of); very well; fine, splendidly.

Khud, refl. Pron. self (myself, himself, itself etc.)

Khudaa, m. the supreme being, God p240

Khudaaii [cf. H. khudaanaa], f. 1. digging; excavating; engraving; carving. 2. the cost of or charge for digging, &c. 3. colloq. investigating (a matter)

Khudii, f. selfishness; egoism; pride

Khulnaa [cf H. kholnaa], vi. 1. to be open, to come loose, to unravel; to be untied or unfastened; to be disentangled; to be scattered (as clouds). 2. to be uncovered or laid bare; to become clear (sky); to be light (a colour). 3. to be cleared (as a drain); to be removed (an obstruction); to be broadened (the mind). 4. to be laid, or split, open; to be dissected; to be analysed. 5. to be freed of restraint (as hand or tongue); to be loosed (as a hawk); to be resolved (a fear, an inhibition). 6. to be solved or explained…P241

Khush [P.khvus], adj. 1. pleased, glad; happy. 2. flourishing; well (of health); prosperous. 3. cheerful (of temperament). 4. pleasing; good

Khushbuu [P. –dar], f. fragrance. ~daar : fragant

Kiicaṛ, m. (f, pl.) 1. gummy matter in the eyes. *2. mud, mire, ooze.

Kicṛa, m. = Kiicaṛ

Kinaaraa, m. 1. side, edge, margin; end, limit. 2. shore, bank, beach. 3. a border, hem. ~ karnaa, to hold (oneself) aloof (from/se); to abstain, or to refrain (from). P 196

Kishor : adolescence

Kiiṭ [S], m. an insect…p199 Kiiṭaaṇu, m. a microbe, germ

*Kitne thore honge? how few there will be?

Kitaab, f: book

Koii bhii: anyone at allKoii nahin: no one, not anyKoii na koii, pron & adj. someone or another; some, one or another

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Kos [krośa-], m. a measure of distance (approx. two miles)

Kosnaa [krośati], vt. & m. 1. vt. to curse; to abuse. 2. m. a curse

Koṭi [S], f. 1. top, point, end (esp. curved, as of a bow). 2. category; grade, standard.

Kram [S], m. 1. a step, pace. 2. degree, stage; position in a series. 3. uninterrupted or regular progress; order, succession, sequence. 4. due method (of procedure). 5. rhet. name of an alaṅkaara. 6. pl. power, strength

KRipaa [S], f. 1. grace, favour. 2. compassion. 3. mercy; forgiveness

Kruur a. 1. cruel. 2. fearful, fierceKruurtaa f. cruelty, brutality

Kṣar [S], adj & m. 1. adj. perishing, impermanent. 2. m. anything which must perish.

Kṣaraṇ [S.], m. 1. a flowing, distilling, dropping. 2. erosion. 3. corr.? An alkaline product

Kshetr [S], xao`~ m. 1. a region, zone, or area; locality, district; precinct. 2. land; an enclosed plot of land, a field. 3. extent, area. 4. any sphere of action or operation; a partic. Topic or area. 5. philos. the body (considered as the field of the indwelling and working of the soul). 6. geom.. a figure, diagram.

Ksin, adj. diminished, reduced. 2. wasted, decayed; destroyed, lost. 3. enfeebled; thin, wasted. 4. slight, slender; subtle. 5. miserable, poor

Ksipră, adj. swift

Kuch: p202Kuch bhii: whatever, any(thing) at all Kuch na kuch: , pron., adj. & adv. Sg or other; some or other(s); somewhat, a little.

Kudṣṭi [S], f. 1. evil eye. 2. malicious glance. 3. lascivious glance.

Kukkuṭ [S], m. a cock

Kul [kula-], m. 1. a herd, troop, multitude. *2. a tribe; community, sect. 3. a family, house; lineage. 4. transf. good lineage or pedigree. P 208

Ku-riiti [S], f. misconduct, an improper practice or custom.

Kuṛkuṛaanaa, vi &vt. 1. vi. To rumble (as the bowels). 2. to grumble, to murmur (in irritation or anger). 3. to cakle, to cluck (as a hen). 4. HSS vt. to scare birds by shouting.

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Kuśal [S], adj. & f. m. 1. adj. skilful, deft, expert. 2. healthy. 3. happy; prosperous. 4. f. m. health, well-being. 5. good fortune; safety, happiness, prosperity

Ku-sang [S.], m. Brbh. Av. bad company

Kuṭumb [S], m. 1. family; family line. 2. relatives

.LLL.

Laad [cf. H. laadnaa], f. 1. load, burden. 2. reg. the stomach; innards.

Lag [lagna-], ppn. 1. up to, as far as; until. 2. near; along with. 3. while, during, as long as

Lagaam: reins (for the horse)

Lagan [cf H. lagnaa], f. 1. attachment, affection, 2. desire, longing. 3.intentness; a craze (for/ki) 4. being attached: contact / perseverance, devotion (to a purpose), assiduity.

Lagaanaa [cf. H. lagnaa], vt. 1. to attach; to join, to connect (to/se); to add on (as an appendix to a book). 2. to fix (in place); to put, to set (in or on, mein or par); to fasten (to); to install…p880

Lagaataar [H. lagnaa + H. taar], adv. In uninterrupted succession: continuously, constantly.

Lagaav [cf H. lagaanaa],m. 1.attachement, connection; contact 2.fellow-feeling; affection.

Lagbhag: about, nearly, approximately, almost, roughly

lage rahana: to be busy (in something)

Lagnaa [cf. lagyati], vi. 1. to be attached or applied (to/se or me); to be joined (to); to be fastened (to); to be added (to: an appendix etc) 2. to be or become fixed (in or on); to take root. 3. to be found, to occur (as in a partic. Habitat). 4. to be applied (to:as paint). 5. to be outlaid or expended (money, time, effort). 6. to be staked, wagered (on/par); to be invested. 7 to be imposed (as a tax). 8. to be accounted for, disposed of. 9. to be put (in or into, mein); to be inserted; to be planted (tree…). 10. to be put in order, set out (as wares). 11. to be occupied, engaged (in/mein); to occupy oneself (in). 12. to be intent or set (on). 13. to be engaged, involved (as the heart). 14 (w. obl. Inf.) to begin. 15. to be or to come close (to); to adjoin; to touch; to wear, to rub (as clothing against the skin); to put down anchor (a ship); to arrive (at a wharf). 16. to stick, to adhere. 17. to catch (on to; mein, as fire). 18. to catch (in, mein); to falter (the tongue). 19. to attach oneself (to/ke piice: a to a patron or a leader). 20. to close (door, eyelids). 21. to contract (stomach, in hunger). 22. to hit or to strike (against/ko, ke, mein); to chafe, to rub. 23. to be felt (physical sensation). 24. idem (emotions). 25. to seem (to/ko). 26. to be felt (a want, a

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lack: by/ko). 27. to come to light (trace, clue). 28. to have an effect (upon one); to strike home, to tell (remark). 29. to affect, to attack (disease, or blight on crops). 30. to be adversely affected, spoiled; to be unwholesome (food, water); to be tainted; to rot (fruit); to be burned (a dish). 31. to be successful, to come off well. 32. to come into fashion, or use…41. to pertain (to/ko); to concern. P 879Baba often uses lag paṛnaa, but I am not sure what nuance it gives to the sentence. It literally means ‘they start to become ....’.

Laaguu, adj. & m. 1. adj. in force, applying (as a regulation); chargeable (as tax). 2. valid (a document, a currency). 3. applying (as a remark: to/par). 4. following, pursuing (as an animal its prey). 5. intent (on), desirous (of/kaa). 6. m. a supporter, partisan (of a person or cause). 7. one who is intent on or in love (with, kaa/kii); a pursuer. ~ karnaa, to give effect to, to bring into force.

Lahr [lahari-], f. 1. a wave; surge. 2. loose fold (as of hanging). 3. waving line (as in a pattern). 4. access of emotion; excitement; delight, rapture; frenzy. 5. seizure, attack (of illness or pain); fit, convulsion. 6. breath (of soft wind); wafted fragrance. 7. fig. prosperity, heyday ~ marnaa, to be rough (the sea); to crawl (a snake) p889

Lajaanaa [lajjaapayati], vi & vt. 1. vi. To be ashamed (of/se). 2. to feel a sense of modesty or constraint; to be shy; to blush. 3. vt. to make ashamed; to shame (one)

Lajjaa [S], f. 1. shame; sense of decency or modesty. 2. bashfulness, shyness. 3. sense of honour. ~ aanaa (ko), to feel shame, &c. ~ karnaa, to be mindful of the honour (of/kii). ~ lagnaa, to be moved by a sense of shame, or modesty.

Lakiir, f. 1. a line; a groove; rut. 2. a streak; stripe. 3. line (of writing, print). 4. fig. line of movement, track. ~ khiincnaa (par), to draw a line; to mark a boundary; to cross out. ~ piiṭnaa, to follow in the track (of ancestors, or conventions) p878

Lakṣ [S], m. 1. one hundred thousand. 2. a mark, object of aim

Lakṣaṇ [S], m. 1. a sign, indication: mark or spot (on the body). *2 a characteristic; distinguishing feature. 3. a symptom.

Lakṣyă [S], adj & m. 1. adj. observable. 2. noteworthy. 3. m. aim, object of aim; target. 4. goal, purpose; plan. 5. indirect or secondary meaning (of a word). ~ karnaa (ko), to aim (at); to allude (to). ~ lagaanaa (par), to aim (at)

Lalcaanaa [cf. H. laalac], vt. & vi. 1. vt. To awaken desire in; to tantalise. 2. vi. Brbh. To feel desire or longing (for) (= lalcanaa)

Lalcanaa, vi. To feel desire; to covet; to lust for.

Laam -1, f. mil. 1. a line; line of battle; front. 2. a brigade, armyLaam -2 [A], m. the name of the letter l in the Arabic script

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Laanaa [laati], vt. Used without “ne” in perf. Forms. 1. to bring, to fetch. 2. to bring forward or in; to bring about; to introduce (an innovation, &c); to bring (a case: against/par). 3. to produce. Phuul ~, to bear fruit (a tree). 4. to purchase (and bring away)

Laaṛ, f. 1. affection. 2. caressing, caress; endearment. 3. playfulness (of a child).

Laaṛlaa, adj. & m. 1. adj. dear, darling. 2. brought up affectionately. 3. pampered (a child). 4. m. darling. 5. one brought up affectionately, &c.

Laṛaaii jhagre: fights and quarrels

Laṛnaa, vi & vt. 1. to fight (with/se); to quarrel; to struggle (with). 2. to strike (against/se); to collide (with: a vehicle). 3. to rub, or to wear (against). 4. to tally, to correspond (as an account). 5. to be set in contention, or at risk. 6. to be set or measured (against/se)

Laśkar, m. 1. army. 2. military camp, encampment. 3. crew (of a ship)

Laat, f. a kick. ~ khaanaa, to be kicked; fig. to be spurned. ~ calaana (par)/marnaa (par, men, or ko), to kick, to spurn.

Laṭaknaa, vi. 1. to hang, to be hanging; to dangle; to swing. 2. to lean (out of the vertical). 3. fig. to be kept waiting or in suspense. 4. to be or to be kept pending (a matter). 5. to delay, to linger.

Laṭkaanaa, vt. 1. to cause to hang, to suspend, to hang (an object); to swing. 2. to hang (sg) from, to attach (to/par, or par se: as lock to a door). 3. to hang (a person). 4. fig. to keep (a person) in suspense. 5. to keep pending, to defer (a matter)

Lataaṛ [cf. H. lataaṛnaa], f. 1. spurning, rejecting with contempt. 2. reviling, insulting. 3. fig. burdensome pressure (as of work). 4. colloq. A kick.

Lataaṛnaa, vt. 1. to spurn, to treat with contempt. 2. to revile, to insult.

Laathii (f): truncheon (big stick) (gyan ki laathii)

Lattuu [cf. H. lattaa], adj. reg. kicking; vicious (a horse)

Laukaa, m. the bottle-gourd (= laukii) Laayaq, adj. 1. fit, suitable (for/ke). 2. capable, able (a person). 3. deserving, worthy. Parhne ~, adj. worth reading

Lekhaa [lekhya-], m. 1. an account (financial). 2. reckoning, calculation. 3. estimation, assessment.

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Lekhaa-jokhaa, an account; a reckoning; report, account, assessment

Lenaa, vt. 1. to take; to receive; to accept. 2. to grasp, to hold. 3. to obtain; to buy; to rent, or to lease; to borrow. 4. to receive (arriving guests). 5. to require, to demand (time, effort, money). 6. to obtain, to get done (as work: by/se). 7. to invoke (a name). 8. esp. w. lenaa. To take possession of; to capture; to conquer. 9. to win (a game). 10. to adopt, to take on (a manner: towards/se); to rebuke. 11. to take (food or drink; esp. medicinally). 12. to engage (an employee). 13. to assume (a burden, a status). 14. to cut, to trim (hair, nails). 15. to make fun of. 16. to give or to supervise (an examination)

Lep, m. 1. smearing. 2. an ointment; a medicinal plaster; embrocation. 3. plaster. 4. whitewash.

Le jaanaa, to take and go: to take away (a person or thing); to export.

Leṭnaa [leṭyati], vi. 1. to lie down; to fall (at the feet of). 2. to rest. 3. to sink, to subside; to be beaten down (crops)

Liilaa [S.], f. 1. play, sport. *2. the acts of a deity as performed at pleasure (Ram and Krishna); the ways of God in the world. 3. a wonder, an exploit. 4. a dramatic representation, esp. the acts of a deity. 5. reth. Symbolic gestures or actions on the part of a heroine.

Lipaṭnaa, vi. 1. to stick (to.mein or se). 2. to cling (to/se). 3. to wrap or to wind (around/mein). 4. fig. to stick (at/ke piche: as at a task). 5. to join (in bodily contact); to wrestle (with/se). 6. to unite (with/se). 7. to be enfolded (by/se); to be embraced (by). 8. to be rolled into a ball; to be entangled, matted, or unravelled. 9. to be involved, engrossed (in/mein). 10. to be implicated (in/mein). 11. to be smeared (= lipnaa)

Lipt [S], adj. 1. smeared, spread over; plastered. 2. stained, sullied (by/se). 3. attached (to/se: as to the world of apparent reality); engrossed (in).

Lok [S], m. 1. the world; the universe. 2. a world, cosmological region (supra- or subterranean). 3. people, folk; the ordinary people, public; society. 4. mankind…loklaaj, f. the honour or credit of a people; regard for public opinion. Loksatta, f. a democracy…p901…lokik, materialistic

Loh [S.], m. 1. iron; steel. 2. fig. Brbh. A weapon. Lohkaar, m. a blacksmith

Lohaa [loha-], m. 1. iron; steel. 2. fig. a weapon, blade; arms. 3. an iron (for clothes = istarii). ~ karnaa to iron. ~ bajanaa, weapons to clash, a fight to be joined. ~ maanaa, to aknowledge the calibre (of/kaa); to aknowledge the strength or superiority (of). ~ lenaa (kaa), to size up (an adversary); to measure up (to), to be equal (of)

Lorii [*loḍa-, lola-], f. a lullaby

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Lupt [S], adj. vanished; missing (a word from a text); lost. 2. obsolete (a usage)

.MMM.

Macch, m. 1. a fish. 2. name of the first avatar of VishnuMatsyavataar: according to the scriptures, incarnation of Vishnu as a fish; maclii: fish

Macaanaa [cf. H. macnaa], vt. To cause, to produce; to stir up (as noise, strife)

Maaddaa, m. matter, material: 1. capacity, ability. 2. source, root. 3. pus

Madad.f.: help

Madhyă [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. middle; central. 2. intervening. 3. middling (of quality, position). 4. m. middle, midst; centre. 5. interval. 6. waist. 7. the inside of anything. 8. ppn. w. [ke] in the middle, &c (of); between.

Madadgaar. M.: helper

enkj fuHkZj: to depend on… It is a word Baba uses when He wants to say ‘depends on’/ ‘based on’.

Maadhav [S], m. 1. descendant of Madhu: a title of Krishna. Brbh. The month Baisaakh; spring.

Maadhur [S], m. HSS. Jasmine

Maadhuri [S], f. 1. a type of jasmine, jasminum zambac. 2. sweetness. 3. charm. 4. wine

Maadhuryă [S], f. 1. sweetness. 2. charm.

Madhur [S], adj. 1. sweet. 2. attractive, charming. 3. melodious. 4. soft, gentle (as gait, manner). Madhur-saraṇ, adj. moving gently, softly.

Magar: crocodile

Mahal-mariyaan ataariyaan: Baba uses this expression for big buildings, palaces etc.

Mahaan [S], adj. great, &c

Mahant m. 1. head of a religious order 2. head priest of a temple 3. a monk

Mahattvă [S], m. 1. greatness. 2. high position or status, authority. *3. importance; significance

Mahimaa [S.], f. 1. greatness. *2. grandeur, glory. 3. might, power. 4. high rank

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Mahsuus, adj. 1. perceived, felt; experienced. 2. perceptible. 3. understood, appreciated. ~ karnaa, to feel, to suffer from; to be sensible of; to realise. ~ honaa, to be perceived etc. (by/ko); to seem (to)

Maidaan, m. 1. flat, open field, open area; large lawn; race-ground; playing-field. 2. plain. 3. transf. & fig. field of battle; field of conflict, or activity. 4. a parade

Mail: dirt

Majbuur, adj. 1. compelled. 2. helpness, having no option. 3. oppressed.

Makaan, m. a place, station: 1. a house; dwelling. 2. a flat, apartment

Makkhii, [makṣikaa-], f. 1. a fly. 2. a bee. 3. foresight (of a rifle). P781

¹Maal, m. 1. wealth. *2. property, possessions, goods, things; luggage. 3. merchandise, goods; produce. 4. material(s) (of or for manufacture). 5. finance (esp. governmental). 6. land revenue. 7. a prize (of money). 8. math. The square of a number. 9. sg. Fine or splendid. 10. colloq. An attractive girl..…etc. p809

²Maal [maalaa-: Drav.], f. 1. a garland etc. 2. string (of a spinning-wheel, or of a reel etc.). 3. line, row.

³Maal [malla- ¹: Drav.], m. Brbh. Av. a wrestler ; champion.

Maalaa, f. 1. garland. 2. a necklace; string of beads. 3. a row, line…~ japnaa, or phirnaa, to tell (one’s beads to perform devotions).

Malik, m. possessor: 1. master, owner; lord. 2. God. 3. husband.

Maaluum paṛnaa, to seem, to appear

Mamătaa [S], f. interest or affection for people or things connected with oneself: 1. proprietary interest. 2. affection, attachment; tenderness. 3. pride, arrogance

Mamatvaa [S], m. = mamătaa [S], f. interest or affection for people or things connected with oneself: 1. proprietary interest. 2. affection, attachment; tenderness. 3. pride, arrogance

Mamzil [A. manzil], f. 1. a halting place. 2. inn. 3. stage (of journey, or progress). 4. destination, goal. 5. storey, floor

Man, m. 1. the mind (as seat of perception and feelings). 2. the heart. 3. the soul. 4. wish, inclination; will; purpose. 5. character, temperament.

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Maan, m. 1. good opinion of self; self-respect, honour. 2. pride. 3. honour, respect (to or for other persons or things), regard; heed, obedience; acceptance (as of a view). 4. reputation, prestige; status. 5. wounded honour or pride; anger; caprice (of an offended woman), sulkiness. (other meanings p805)

-maan [S], suffix (form adjectives which are properly masculines, chiefly from nouns, having the sense “possessed of…”, e.g. diiptimaan, illuminated, brilliant; shriimaan, voc. Auspicious one, sir: feminines properly in –matii). Gyan: svamaan: position of the self?

Manaa, adj. inv. Forbidden; prohibited. ~ karnaa, to forbid etc.

euk djuk : to refuse ; though it means ‘to forbid’, in contexts like the one above it is used in this sense. When it is used on oneself it will mean to refuse, but when you use it on others it will mean forbid. Ckkck us ckgj [kkus ds fy, euk fd;k gSA Baba has forbidden us to eat outside.

mlus lkeku ys tkus ds fy, euk dj fn;kA He refused to carry the things with him.

Manaanaa [cf.H. maannaa], vt. To make mindful: 1. to cause to agree, to persuade; to reason with; to prevail on. 2. to console. 3. to conciliate (an opponent, one offended); to placate; to soothe. 4. to invoke (a deity); to worship. 5. to cause to be kept, to celebrate (festival, holiday). 6. poet. to acknowledge (a fault). 7. to meditate, to reflect on

Manc (m): stage, platform (rang manc: colourful stage, the world as op. to white subtle world)

Maṇḍal [maṇḍala-], m. 1. disc, circle. 2. ring ; coil (as of a snake) ; band. 3. circular course, revolution; orbit (of a heavenly body). 4. halo. 5. globe, sphere, orb. 6. the vault of the sky. 7. the hrozon. 8. transf. region, district; zone. 9. amphitheatre; circular stage (esp. that on which Krishna round dance is performed). 10. company, circle; society, association, body; sect; committee. 11. a type of mystical diagram.

*Mandir (p780) layak: temple worthy

Maṇḍlii, f. 1. a small circle, disc, ring or coil. 2. a circle, group, party; society; flock (of birds, animals)

Maṅgal [maṅgala-], adj. & m. 1. adj. fortunate, prosperous. *2. auspicious. 3. m. good fortune; prosperity. 4. auspiciousness. 5. well-being. 6. glad or auspicious event (as a

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marriage); a festival; festivities. 7. a good omen. 8. an auspicious prayer; blessing. 9. an auspicious song (as at a wedding). 10. name of the planet Mars. 11. Tuesday. 12. (in chronograms) the number eight.

Maṁgaanaa [cf. H. maṁgnaa ], vt. 1. to send for. 2. to ask for. 3. to order, to obtain (as books etc.); to take (as a newspaper).

Maaṁgnaa [maargati], vt. 1. to ask for, to request (from/se); to entreat; to beg (as alms). 2. to demand. 3. to borrow

Maanind, ppn. w. [kii] or [ke]. like

Maniiṣaa [S], f. thought, wisdom; intelligence.

Mankaa, m. 1. a bead. 2. a rosary

Manthan [S], m. 1. churning, stirring. 2. shaking, agitating (the feelings). 3. delving into, sitting through (a matter)

Manuaa [manu-], m. reg. 1. a man. 2. a monkey

Manyătaa [S], f. 1. belief, opinion; pl. values. 2. acceptance (as of a view); authority (of an opinion); validity; recognition (of a body). 3. permission (to/kii)

Maaraa, a. 1. beaten. 2. killed, slain. 3. murdered

Maaraa-maarii, f. (a) hurrying (b) rush (c) killingmaramari means : scuffle, affray; bustle, rush; constant or dire struggle

mare [cf. H. maarnaa], ppn, often inverted. Because (of/ke); on account (of)

maarg [S], m. road…p808

Maarii [cf. H. maarnaa], f. Pl. 1. a beating. 2. a blow

Maarii [maarikaa-], f. 1. any deadly disease (= mahaamaarii); plague; cholera. 2. epidemic.

Marnaa, vi. 1. to die. 2. to fade, to wither. 3. to cease, no longer to be felt (hunger, emotion). 4. to go out (fire)…p 792.

Maarnaa, m. 1. to beat; to hit, to strike. 2. to kill….10. to destroy…….p808

Martabaa [A. martaba], m. step, degree: 1. time , occasion. 2. position, office. Ek ~, on one occasion.

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Maryaadaa [S], f. 1. limit, boundary. 2. bounds (of law, usage); custom; convention. 3. correct behaviour; decorum. 4. station, dignity; honour. 5. merit (cf. dharm, 6)

Mazbuut, adj. 1. strong (esp. of things, but also of people). 2. fixed, firm; tight (as a tie); steady; immovable. 3. firm (of market prices).

Maaśhuur [A. maśhuur[, adj. 1. well-known; public (as information). 2. celebrated; famous. 3. notorious.

Mastii, f. 1. intoxication. 2. passion; lust. 3. delight, unrestrained joy. 4. overweening pride. 5. effusion in rut (as of an elephant). 6. exudation (as from trees)

Mastiṣk [S], m. the brain.

Maaśuuq, adj & m. 1. adj. beloved. 2. m. loved person

Mat [S.], m. 1. opinion, view; feeling. 2. system of opinions; doctrine; persuasion (religious, philosophical, political). 3. fig. sect, party. 4. thought, idea; intention. 5. advice. 6. vote.Mat-mataantar, m. different opinions, variety of opinion

Maathaa [mastaka-], f. 1. the forehead; the head. 2. upper part; summit. 3. prow. Maathaa khapaanaa, to rack the brain, ~ khaanaa, to plague, to harass. ~ garam honaa, to be or to become angry. ~ ṭikaanaa, to rest the head (on the ground: to prostrate oneself) …p 804…~ maarnaa, to rack the brain, to beat the brow

Matlab, m. 1. object, intention; purpose; desire. 2. meaning. 3. sense, point

Maatr [S.], adj. & adv. Usu. In comp. of the amount of: 1. adj. mere. 2. sole. 3. adv. Merely, only; just; solely

tks Hkh euq"; ek= gSa] oks lc eu pykus okys gSaA All the human beings use their mind. (Those who are merely human beings, they are all the ones who use the mind) Here ‘matr’ does not exactly mean merely but it is a way of saying ‘all those who are human beings’ mankind; all the humans; praaNii maatr = all the living beings

Mauj, f. 1. a wave. 2. surge (of emotion); ecstasy; delight. 3. whim. ~ aanaa (ko), an idea or whim to come into the mind; to be moved, or thrilled. ~ karnaa, to surge (the sea); to be capricious; to enjoy oneself without restraint. ~ maarnaa, id., 2., 3. ~ men aanaa, to become excited, or ecstatic. Man kii ~. F. a whim, an impulse.

Maujuud, adj. 1. present; at hand, ready; available. 2. existent. ~ karnaa, to bring before, to produce; to provide, to supply. ~ rahnaa, to be present; to remain in attendance; to continue; to exist

Maujuuṁ, adj. 1. present; at hand, ready; available. 2. existent

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Mausam, m. 1. time, season (of the year). 2. the weather. 3. appropriate time, season (for sg).

Mausii: aunt (mother’s sister)

Maut, f.1. death. 2. mortality.

-may [S], suffix (forms adjectives having the sense “consisting of”. Eg. madhumay, sweet, honied)

Mazaa, m. 1. taste, relish. 2. pleasure, enjoyment; contentment. 3. amusement, fun; joke. ~ aanaa (ko), relish, or pleasure, &c. to be felt (by: at or in/men) p783

Mazbuut: strong, not easily broken, solidMazbuut: strong, firm

Mehmaan, m. 1. a guest. 2. a son-in-law

Mehnat, f. 1. labour, work; toil. 2. industry, application. ~ karnaa, to work hard (for or after/ke piiche)

Mehtar, m euph. A sweeper

Mel [cf. H. melnaa: or mela-], m. 1. meeting; assembly. 2. mixture, mixing. 3. connection; association (with/se), combination. 4. concord, harmony. 5. reconciliation. 6. consistency, balance, proportion (between parts); similarity. 7. counterpart; kind, sort. 8. balance (as of an account); tally. 9. band, company; union, alliance.

Milaa-julaa a. 1. mixed 2. combined

Milk [A], f. possession: 1. landed property. 2. reg. (W) a kind of rent free tenure.Milkiyat [P], f. 1. property, possession (esp. real estate). 2. possession, ownership

Milaan [cf. H. milnaa], m. 1. bringing together; joining; mixing. 2. comparing, comparison (of); check, verification (as of figures). 3. adjustment (as of differences); reconciliation. 4. [cf. *mell-] Brbh, settlement or camp (for the night). ~ milaanaa (kaa), to adjust accounts (as of land under cultivation).

Milnaa [milati], vi. 1. to be mixed or mingled; to mix etc. 2. to be joined or united (persons or things); to join, to adjoin; to meet (as road, boundaries). 3. to be or to become connected (with/se); to be adjacent. 4. to be found; to be obtained, available (as an object or a commodity; or as time, or an opportunity; or as any quality, eg. strength, or rest, or peace (by/ko). 5. to be received; to accrue (to/ko). 6. to be found (as an object or goal after search or striving). 7. to be given (as a prize, a punishment). 8. to meet (with a person, se: where intent is implied); to visit. 9. to be encountered (by/ko); to meet, to

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encounter (by chance). 10. to associate (with/se). 11. to assemble. 12. to be similar (to/se); to coincide; to correspond; to resemble (in respect of/se). 13. to be in harmony (as views, moods); to be in tune (musical instruments). 14. to be reconciled.

Miṭaanaa [cf. miṭnaa], vt. 1. to erase; to obliterate; to cancel (as a decree). 2. to destroy. 3. to eliminate (as an abuse); to mitigate. 4. to allay (as pangs of hunger, or of distress). 5. fig. to be infatuated (with/par). 6. to expire; to be reduced to extinction (a species)

Mittii, f. 1. earth, soil; clay. 2. dust. 3. fig. the body. 5. dirt, filth.

Mohini*: enchantment

Mridul aatmaa: soft, gentle, tender soul

Mt [S], adj. dead

Mubaarak, adj & interj. 1. adj. blessed. 2. fortunate. 3. interj. Blessings! Congratulations! / auspicious, holy, blessing, interj. Welcome

Muhabbat, f. 1. love, affection. 2. warm friendship

Muhallaa, m. suburb; quarter (of a town); ward

Muhtaaj, adj. & m. 1. adj. in want, needy. 2. m. a pauper. 3. a beggar. 4. a handicapped person; a cripple

Mukhiyaa [ad. Mukhya-], adj & m. usu. inv. 1. adj. chief. 2. m. chief, leader, head. 3. village headman.

Mukti [S], f. .1. release, deliverance. 2. freedom, emancipation. 3. release of the soul from the body and from further rebirth; salvation. Muktidaataa, adj. & m. inv. Giving freedom, or salvation; deliverer; saviour

Muni m. ascetic, sage, hermit

Muul [muula-: ? ← Drav.] m. & adj. 1. m. root. 2. source, origin; cause. 3. basis, foundation. 4. fin. Capital, principal. 5. original (text or language). 6. math. root. 7. a lunar asterism (considered unlucky): the stars in the tail of scorpio. 8. adj. radical, basic, fundamental; essential (as cause, substance, development, contribution); real. 9. ancient, of long standing (as a home, a people). 10. principal, chief, main; primary (as a source); dominant

Muulyaa [S], m. price, &c. muulyavaan, adj. valuable; precious.

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Muqaabǎlaa, m & ppn. 1. confrontation, challenge. 2. opposition, resistance (as of enemy forces). 3. competition, rivalry. 4. comparison; contrast. 5. ppn. w. “ke”. In comparison (with/me)

Muqarrar [A], adj. 1. adj. settled, fixed, determined; assigned (as a share); imposed. 2. appointed (to a post)

Murdaa I. a. dead, lifeless II. M. dead body, corpse

Muriid, f. U. a follower, disciple.

Murjhaanaa, vi. 1. to wither; to fade. 2. to become dispirited; to pine. 3. to feel faint; to swoon.

Murnaa (intr.): to turn

Muurt [S], adj. having material form: tangible, perceptible; incarnate.

Muurti [S], f. 1. any body having material form; figure; form. *2. idol; statue; image. 3. embodiment, manifestation ; personification.

Musafir [A.musaafir]. m. 1. a traveller. 2. a passenger

Musiibat [Amusiba : P. musiibat], f. 1. a misfortune ; a disaster. 2. trouble, adversity

Muskaraahat [cf H. muskaraanaa], f. a smile; a grin; a smirk

Muut paliti: dirty clothesMuut, m. urine

Muṭṭhii [muṣṭi-], f. 1. the fist. 2. clutch, grasp. 3. a handful. 4. fetlock (of a horse). 5. a hand’s width. 6. a baby’s teething-stick…~ bhar, adv. a handful. ~ men, adv. in the fist or hand (of/kii); in the clutches or power (of)…p 821

.NNN.

Nagar [S], m. a city, a town; municipality

Nagnă [S], adj. naked

Nahin to: otherwise

Nahr [A], f. stream, flow. *2 a canal; an irrigation channel

Naalaa [naadii-, naala-], m. 1. a watercourse (natural). 2. water-channel (manmade). 3. drain; gutter.

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Nain [ad. ²nayana-], m. the eye ( = ²nayan)

Nainaa [²nayana-], m. reg. the eye.

Naam-nishaan, m. sign, trace, vestige

Namrătaa [S], f. 1. bent or bowed state : 1. mildness. 2. humility. 3. submissiveness; obeisance. ~ karnaa, to practice humility (towards/se); to be mild, or meek.

Namuunaa : sample

Nakkaa [cf. H. naak], adj & m. pl. 1. adj. Nasal. 2. m. one who speak through the nose. 3. a single item: the ace (at card or dice). 4. HSS. The eyr of a needle. Nakkaa-muuṭh, m. a game played with cowrie shell, &c, odds or evens.

Naman [S], m & adj. 1. m. bowing down. 2. salutation, greeting. 3. adj. bowed, bending; stooping

Naqlii [A], adj. 1. imitated ; artificial ; synthetic. 2. copied fraudulently; counterfeit; forget. 3. spurious.

Naqśaa [A. naqśa], m. 1. a picture ; portrait. 2. map. 3. plan ; sketch, draft ; diagram ; model, pattern. 4. features (facial). 5. fig. state of affairs, situation; prospects; predicament. 6. a problem (in chess). 7. an image (in the mind’s eye)

Naaraa, m. 1. a shout, cry. 2. slogan.

Naarad [S], m. mythol. 1. name of a sage (one of the four sons of Brahmaa, and inventor pf the viiṇaa; a frien and devotee of Krishna). 2. transf. a tale-bearer, causer of quarrels. 3. an argumentative person.

Naaś [s.], m. 1. destruction; ruin, devastation; loss. 2. annihilation.Naaś karnaa : to destroy, to spoil

Naśaa [P. naśa], m. intoxication; stupor. 2. intoxicant, alcohol. 3. a narcotic. 4. fig. pride; conceit; self-delusion

Nasdik: near

Nasl, f. 1. offspring, descendant; family. *breed, stock; race

Naastik, adj. & m. 1. adj. saying “naasti”: “it is not”: atheistic. 2. m. an atheist; an unbeliever.

Naatak: play

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Naukar, m. 1. a servant, attendant, retainer. 2. one serving in a post; a government or public servant. naukar-caakar, m. pl. servants

Navaabii, adj & f. 1. adj. having to do with a navaab, or with the later Mughal period. 2. f. position or status of navaab. 3. the later Mughal period. 4. anarchy, misrule. 5. princely luxury

Nayan [S], m. the eye

Nazaaraa, m. 1. look, glance. 2. sight, view; scene.

Ni- [S], pref. 1. down, back, into

Nibhaanaa, vt. = nibaahnaa: 1. to carry on or through (as a task, a relationship); to complete, &c; to fulfil. 2. to support, to maintain. Aur nibaah-, Av. to carry (sg.) through (to its end)

Nicoṛ [cf. H. nicoṛnaa], m. 1. liquid pressed or wrung out; juice, extract. 2. transf. essence; gist.

Nicoṛnaa, vt. 1. to to press or to wring out (liquid); to strain. 2. fig, to extort; to milk, to bleed.

Ni-svârth [S], adj. selfless, disinterested.

Nikalnaa, vi. 1. to be taken out (of/se); to be pulled out. 2. to be extracted (as minerals); to be pressed out (juice); to be distilled. 3. to be removed, taken off. 4. to come out, to emerge; to pour out, to leak out; to flow; to shoot (sprouts); to be shot forth. 5. to turn out, to result (a matter); to prove to be; to be debited or credited as a balance. 6. to go out; to go on its way (a procession); to go away. 7. to be lost (the character or quality of sg); to disappear. 8. to pass by (as time, life); to be wasted. 9. to go ahead, to advance; to go (beyond/se), to exceed, to excel. 10. to project; to be prominent (also fig.)…21. to run out (a stock of goods). P557!

Ni-mantraṇ [S], m. 1. call, summons. *2 invitation. ~ karnaa, to invite (a person/kaa). ~ denaa (ko), to summon, or to invite (a person: to/ka)

Niiṁd [nidraa-], f. sleep.

Nimitt [S.] m& ppn. 1. m. cause; motive, reason. 2. sign, omen. 3. share, allotment; fortune. 4. ppn (w. ke) for the sake (of); for the purpose (of). /AD m. cause, reason. 2. object, purpose, motive, goal, aim. 3. (bahaanaa) excuse, pretext, pretension. Adv. (ke nimit) for, on account, because of, with a view to, for the sake of.Nimit kaaran m. instrumental or material cause. Gyan: instrument.

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Nir-aa-kaar [S], adj & m. 1. adj. formless; without form (as the ultimate being). 2. malformed. 3. m. the ultimate being.

Niraakaarii

Niraalaa, adj. 1. adj. separate, apart; lonely (a place); solitary (a person). 2. distinct; strange, unusual; peculiar, odd. 3. rare; extraordinaire; unique. 4. m. a lonely place. 5. a private place.

Nir-añjan [S], adj. & m. without collyrium: 1. untainted, pure. 2. a title of the god Śiva. 3. a title of the ultimate being.

Nir-antar [S], adj. without gaps or intervals (esp. of time): 1. continuous; uninterrupted. 2. eternal. 3. similar, identical. 4. contiguous.

Nirbhay - fearless / nir=without, not; bhay= fear

Nirgun. a. devoid of or beyond all qualities or propensities, without attributes (sat) goodness and purity, (raj) materialism, (tam) darkness and ignorance.

Nir-lep [S], adj. not smeared (with) or tainted (by)

Nir-lipt [S], adj. 1. unsmeared, unanointed. 2. uncontaminated. *3. detached (from the world)

Nirog, adj. & m. 1. adj. not ill, in good health (= niirog). 2. m. good health

Nirogi, adj. & m. 1. adj. = nirog. 2. m. a healthy person

Nir-mal, adj. clear (as sky, water); pure / AD a. 1. free from dirt or impurities, stainless, spotless. 2. clean, limpid. 3. pure. 4. unblemished.Nirmal aakaash m. clear sky

Nir-mam [S], adj. selfless: 1. disinterested, indifferent. *2. without tenderness; cruel.

Nirmaan: not found in dictionary. Gyan: humble??

Nir-maaṇ [S], m. 1. building, construction; building works. 2. manufacture. 3. creation, development, nurture (as of views, attitudes). 4. a structure, building; measuring.

Nir-moh [S], adj. 1. free from illusion. *2. not moved by affection or love; cold, harsh.

Nir-vaah [S], m. 1. carrying on or through; accomplishing, fulfilling. 2. continued existence; subsistence. 3. conclusion

Nir-vair [S], adj. peaceable

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Nir-vaan, adj. & m. blown out: 1. adj. dead. 2. m. death, extinction; eternal bliss (in reunion with the ultimate being); annihilation (of the personality, at death)

Nirvighna, adj. m. 1. adj. unobstructed; untroubled, secure. 2. m. lack of obstruction, smooth course. Gyan: free from obstacles.

Nir-vi-kalp, adj. not allowing for distinction or difference, changeless (as the ultimate being) / (AD) without an alternative or option. 2. recognising not such distinction as that of subject and object. 3. changeless (as the ultimate being). 4. unborn, innate. 5. doubtless, unquestionable, without misgiving. 6. absolute, transcendental. Gyan: free from sinful thoughts.

Ni-vtt [S], adj. turned back: 1. free (from/se). 2. detached (from); abstaining (from). 3. discontinued; refrained, or abstained (from); retired. 4. [= nivta-] checked, stopped, hindered. 5. [ = nirvrtta-] finished, completed.

Niśaan, m. 1. sign, signal; marker. 2. flag, standard; colours. 3. mark; impression. 4. scar. 5. trace; trail; clue. 6. vestige; monument. 7. address. 8. mark, target.

Niśaanaa [P. niśaana], m. 1. mark, sign; impression. 2. a target, mark; bull’s-eye. 3. aim (as of a shot). 4. butt (of jokes).

Niśaanii, f. 1. a distinctive mark; sign, evidence. 2. a token, souvenir. 3. a memorial (pillar etc.). 4. a secret sign.

Nisaar, m. 1. offering, sacrifice. 2. devotion. ~ karnaa, to offer etc.; to devote oneself (to/par)

Niś-cal [S], 1. motionless; immovable, fixed. 2. unwavering, unfluctuating. 3. absolute (a majority)

Niś-cay [S], m. m & adv. 1. m. ascertainment; verification, proof. 2. determination, decision; firm opinion. 3. assurance, certainty. *4. decision, resolve. 5. adv. certainly, definitely.

Niś-cint [S], adj. 1. free from care, or anxiety. 2. at peace, at leisure. 3. thoughtless, inconsiderate; unconcerned (about,se)

Niś-cit [S], adj. 1. ascertained; not subject to doubt. 2. determined, fixed, settled; definite, decided.

Nissankoc- without hesitation/ nis=nir; sankoc contraction, shyness, bashfulness, hesitation

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-ni-sth. adj. formant, characterised by (e.g. sanskritnisth, sanskritised (vocabulary)).

Ni-ṣṭhaa [S], f. firm position: 1. certain knowledge: faith, belief. 2. reverence; devotion (to/ke prati, kii or). ni-ṣṭhaa-śapth, f. oath of allegiance. ni-ṣṭhaa-vaan, adj. believing, faithful; reverent, devout; fulfilling all religious duties.

Niiti [S], f. manner of conductiong oneself. 2. right, or moral conduct; morality. 3. ethics. 4. prudent counsel, policy; polity (of a state). 5. political wisdom; statesmanship.

Ni-vaas [S.], m. 1. residing; residence. 2. dwelling-place, residence.Ni-vaas karna: to dwell

Nivaaz a. showing kindness or favour, cherishing. Bandaanivaaz: cherisher of servants

Ni-vtt [S], adj. turned back: 1. free (from/se). 2. detached (from); abstaining (from). 3. discontinued; refrained, or abstained (from); retired. 4. [= nivta-] finished, completed.

Ni-vtti [S], f. returning, return: 1. release (from/se); escape; release from rebirth. 2. suspension, discontinuation. 3. abstinence. 4. retirement

Nuktaa, m. a (sharp) point: 1. a pointed or witty expression. 2. a nice or subtle point; point of criticism; a particular point, matter

Nundha: fixed, predetermined (not in dico)

Nuqsaan [A. nuqṣSaan], m. 1. loss. 2. harm; damage

Nuqtaa, m. 1. a point; diacritical point, or dot. 2. a dot, spot. 3. a cipher, zero. 4. transf. point, location (as on a map).

Niyam m. rule, precept, law

Ni-yaamak [S], adj. & m. 1. sdj. Restraining; controlling; regulating. 2. restrictive. 3. determining, defining. 4. m. one who restrains or controls; coachman; steerman.

Nyaaraa, adj. & m. 1. adj. separate, distinct; different. 2. unusual; rare. 3. removed, distant. 4. waste (from the refining of precious metals)

Ny-aay [S], m. 1. right or fitting manner, or method. *2. justice. 3. law; entitlement, right. 4. just or proper act, or judgment. 5. adjudication, decision (in a case). 6. philos. The Nyaaya system; logic. 7. demonstration, fitting illustration (of a case)

.OOO.

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Or, f. side, direction. 2. end, limit, extreme, boundary. 3. ppn (w. kii) in the direction (of), towards.

.PPP.

Paccii, adj. & f. 1. adj. joined, sticking; flush (with sg.). 2. fixed, firm. 3. f. (-paccii) troubling, tormenting. ~ honaa, to be joined; to be stuck together (as two surfaces); to be jammed, or wedged; to be intimate (with); to be hand in glove (with); to be lost in, invisible against (a background)

pacchar maal

iPNM+eky a person who kills and also eats animals

Pachaaṛnaa, vt. 1. to throw flat on the back. 2. to dash down; to beat (clothes on a stone). 3. fig. to overpower; to overcome.

Pachtaanaa, vt. to repent; to regret.

Paad [S], m. 1. foot. 2. leg 3. a pace. 4. fig. lower or lowest part; bottom; root (of a tree); foot (of a mountain); foothill. 5. quarter; a quarter of a stanza, or of a verse; a line of verse. Paad-grahaṅ, m. touching the feet of a brahmaṇ, or a superior, in respect. p 622

Pad [S], m. 1. foot; step, pace. 2. footprint; trace; mark, sign. 3. place, abode; position; square (of chess board). 4. position, rank; status. 5. appointment, post; office. 6. gram. a word; stem. 7. pros. A quarter unit; a foot; line; couplet. 8. a verse of devotional poetry (esp. intended to be sung). 9. sg having properties of its own, an object. 9. law. topic, matter, head. P598

Padaarth [S], m. 1. meaning of a word. *2. an object. 3. a substance, material: phys. Matter. 4. a product. 5. aim, end. P598Padma m. 1. lotus 2. a military array in the form of a lotus. 3. one thousand billion

Padyă [S], m. verse, poetry

Paagal, adj. & m. 1. adj. insane, mad. 2. crazed; rabid (a dog). 3. foolish. 4. m. a madman. 5. a fool

Pahannaa [*pinahati], vt. To put on (clothes); to wear

Pahaaṛ, m. 1. mountain, hill. 2. rock. 3. fig. anything huge or overwhelming; sg. burdensome or daunting; a very difficult problem. ~ uthnaa, a weight to be lifted (from the mind). ~honaa, to be burdensome (a task etc.)

Pahcaan [cf. H. pahcaanaa], f. 1. recognition. 2. distinction, discrimination (of or between/kii); judgment. 3. distinguishing mark or feature(s); characteristic; sign, token (of sg); identity. 4. acquaintance (with/kii: as with a person, or with a topic)

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Pahcaan karna: to recognise, to identify

Pahcaannaa, (pron. pehecan) vt. 1. to recognise; to identify. 2. to perceive; to understand. 3. to distinguish, to discriminate. 4. to be acquainted; to know well

pahuunc, f. 1. arrival; acknowledgement (of arrival: of a letter, goods). 2. access (to/ke paas, tak). 3. reach, scope (of intelligence or knowledge); capacity; capability. 4. scope (of a work…).

pahuuncnaa, vi. 1. to arrive, to reach; to reach (as far as/ tak, mein, par, ko)

Paida, adj.inv. & f.. 1. adj. born. 2. produced. 3. arisen; become evident. 4. acquired; earned. 5. f. earnings, income.~ karna: to create; to produce; to occasion; to raise, to breed; to originate, to invent; to acquire.~ hona: to be born; to be created; to be produced; to be occasioned (as a dispute); to be acquired.

Paidaaiś, f. 1. birth; origin, rise. 3. profits, earnings.

Paigaam , m. 1. message. 2. news, information. 3. proposal of marriage arrangement (by the boy’s family, to the girl’s)

Pakaanaa [cf.H.paknaa]. vt. 1. to cook; to bake; to boil. 2. to ripen. 3. to fire (bricks, earthenware). 4. fig. to cause distress to (the heart). 5. colloq. To arrange, to sttle in full (a transaction ). 6. to get or to learn (sg) by heart.

Pakaṛ pakaR pkD, [cf. H. pakaṛnaa], f. 1. seizing; hold, clutch. 2. seizure, capture. 3. bout (as wrestling); set-to. 4. colloq. gain, profit; haul. 5. fig. alertness, intelligence; grasp (of a subject). 6. occasion for criticism (in a work)

Pakaṛnaa, pakaRnaa pkD,naa vt. 1. to seize, to catch; to check. 2. to capture; to arrest. 3. to come up to; to overtake. 4. to catch (a train). 5. to detect (as a sound, or a fault); to discover; to object to (faults); to carp at. 6. to acquire, to take on (a habit, or an attribute). 7. to grasp mentally. 8. to catch (fire). 9. to afflict (one/ko: a disease)

Pakhaarnaa, vt. To wash; to rinse clean.

Pakkaa [pakva-], adj. 1. cooked; boiled; baked; cooked in ghii. 2. transf. ripe, mature; experienced, knowing; astute. 3. processed; baked, fired (bricks, earthenware); refined (as sugar, oil); boiled (water); of high quality. 4. complete, finished, well-made; made of bricks or stone with mortar (a building); metalled, or sealed (a road). 5. grey or white (hair); dark (complexion). 6. fast, firm (a colour). 7. ripe (as a boil). Genuine, real; thoroughgoing, solid (work); inveterate, incorrigible; reliable (advice, or calculation); fixed, standard (amount, price, weight, quality); nett (gain, profit); classical (music). 9.

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undoubted, proved. 10. fixed, determined, definite; firm (as a resolve); of binding force. 11. finalised, revised (as accounts, work in preparation); audited.

Pakṣ [S], m. 1. side (of the body); flank. 2. transf. side, party; wing. 3. side (of an argument); case, thesis. 4. aspect (of a question). 5. direction, quarter. 6. wing (of a bird). 6. either of the halves (light and dark) of a lunar month. ~ karnaa, to take the side (of/kaa); to support, to favour…pakṣpaat, m. partiality, preference; favouritism

Pakṣii- [S] birds

Pakṣii [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. winged. 2. transf. siding (with/kaa). 3. partial, biased. 4. m. a bird. 5. supporter, adherent

Palaṭnaa, vi. & vt. To turn over; to overturn. 2. to turn back, to return; to retreat (from/se: as from an undertaking). 3. to rebound; to ricochet (as a bullet). 4. to be changed, transformed (a situation). 5. vt. To overturn, to capsize. 6. to send back, to return (as goods); to transfer (a person). 7. to change (one thing for another); to exchange, to barter (goods).

Paliit, adj. = paliid, 1. adj. polluted, impure; foul; . 2. m. a foul or base person.

Palnaa, vi 1. to be reared or brought up. 2. to thrive; to grow fat, or sturdy. 3. to become tender or soft (as ripening fruit).

Paltaa, m. 1. turning over. 2. turning back, return; retreat. 3. change, transformation. 4. return, retaliationPaltaa khaanaa: to be turned upside down; to suffer a reverse

Paav [paada-], m. 1. foot. 2. leg…p618

-pan [cf. –tva], suffix (forms m. nouns from nominal stems, eg. bacpan=childhood; siidhaapan, m. simplicity, directness).

Paanaa [praapayati], vt. 1. to get, to obtain; to receive; to accept. 2. to win, to gain; to earn. 3. to come upon, to find; to meet, to overtake. 4. to feel, to perceive, to experience; to enjoy; to suffer. 5. to find to be, to gauge as ; to fathom (sg, obscure). 6. (as dep. Auxil. Or with obl. Inf.) to manage (to); to result (in). 7. to equal (one/ko; at/mein)

Paaṇḍav [S], adj. & m. hist. mythol. 1. adj. having to do with the Paaṇḍavas. 2. m. a descendant (esp. one of the five sons) of Paaṇḍu.

Paaṇḍityă [S], m. learning, erudition. ~puurṇ, adj. erudite.

Paap [S], m. 1. sin; evil; wickedness, wrong; moral guilt. 2. transf. difficulty, suffering (seen as arising from sin)…p623 paapaacaar, m. sinful conduct, etc.

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Par [S], pref. (chiefly par-). 1. distant, removed. 2. previous, former; ancient. 3. subsequent, future; next; latter. *4. other; different; foreign. 5. belonging to another. 6. pre-eminent, supreme p601

Par, ppn. colloq. or reg. var, [pai]. 1. on, upon; over. … ~ kaa, adj. the one, the thing, on… 2. (esp. of a somewhat precise orientation in space or time) at, in; near to; by; to; on. 3. for, at a cost of.

Par [para-], conj. but; still

Parakhnaa, vt. 1. to inspect; to assay. 2. to investigate. 3. to judge, to assess (a matter).

Param-paraa, m. & adv. 1. a series, succession. *2.tradition. 3. family line

Paran-tu, conj. But; however; nevertheless, yet, still

Pare, adv. 1. beyond; further off, away. 2. on the other side. 3. beyond reach. 4. afterwards; in the hereafter…7. apart (from). ~ karmaa: to move (one) on, or away; to keep (one) away…p610

Pareśan, m. 1. disordered; dishevelled (as hair). *2. troubled, distressed; worried; embarrassed; perplexed. ~ karnaa, to cause trouble (to/ko), to distress etc.; to disarrange.

Paṛhaaii, f. 1. study. 2. teaching. 3. tuition feeParhaaii (f): study, studies

Parhnaa, vt. 1. to read; to read out (an announcement, a poem). 2. to repeat aloud (as a text being learnt); to speak. To say (a talking bird). 3. to study. 4. to utter (a prayer); to cast a spell (on/par)

Parii f, fairy

Paricay (m): introduction

Pari-dhi [S], f. 1. circumference; circle, ring. 2. enclosing wall, fence &c. 3. halo. 4. transf. sphere (of action, responsibilities); scope (of a work).

Paarijaat: one of the 5 trees said to exist in paradise

parikriyaa (method, process)

Parîkṣaa [S], f. 1. inspection, investigation, examination. 2. experiment; test, trial. *3. examination (of a student). 4. trial by ordeal

Pari-pakvă [S], adj. 1. fully cooked, or prepared; fully fired (a brick). 2. fully digested. 3. quite ripe; mature (as of skill, art); highly cultivated, or educated (a person).

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Pari-puurn [S], adj. 1. quite full, brimful; entire, complete; replete. 2. quite satisfied, fulfilled.

Pari-ṣkaar [S], m. 1. cleansing, purification. 2. finishing; adorning, embellishing= Pari-ṣkaaraN

Pari-sthiti, f. circumstance, circumstances

Paarivaarik [S], adj. having to do with family, or with a family.

Parivarjan m. 1. inhibition. 2. restraint. 3. giving up. 4. avoidance

Pari-vartan [S.], m. 1. change. 2. exchange (of goods, objects) ; conversion (of funds, currency). 3. transformation

Parivaar, m. 1. family, dependants; relatives. 2. attendants, retinue.

Parnaa, vi. 1. to fall. 2. lie; to lie idle or useless. 3. esp. w. jaanaa. To be laid, spread. 4. to fall to the lot (of/ko). 5. w. infinitives. To have to . 6. to be met with, to be found. 7. to have an abode (in/mein); to stay (in a place). 8. to halt, to camp. 9. pej. To be dependent (on/par); to sponge (on). 10. to be, to become (by unassisted process); to prove to be. 11. to occur; to take place; to come round (an event); to arise (a matter, an opportunity). 12. to fall (on/par), to befall (a calamity, a punishment); to be struck (a blow). 13. to affect (one: as a longing, a wish, a habit). 14. to intervene, to interfere (in/mein). 15. to concern (one). 16. to amount to (a sum); to stand credited or debited (to/ko or par: an amount). 17. to suit, to agree (with/ko). 18. to resemble; to be the image (of/par). 19. to be digested. 20. to follow intently (after/ke piiche): to plague (one). 21. to copulate (a male animal: with/par). paṛ rahnaa, to remain lying; to be idle; to be prostrate; to be helpless, destitute. paṛaa, adj. horizontal (plane, surface, line). paṛaa cakkar, m. parallel of latitude. (p595 for the examples)

Parvaah, f. care, concern. ~ karnaa, to care (about/kii) p604

Parvariś, f. 1. fostering, rearing (a family, &c.); nurture. 2. maintenance, support

Pasarnaa [prasarati], vi. 1. to be spread out, stretched out. 2. to stretch (oneself) out. 3. to be set (on: as the heart)

Pashuu: animal, beast

Pat, f. good name, reputation; honour.

Pataa [P. pata], m. 1. trace, track, clue. 2. information; particular mention. 3. address; whereabouts.~ calna: to become known (to/ko: a matter etc.)~ dena (ka), to give the clue, or information (to sg)…p596

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Paataal, m. mythol. 1. one of the seven subterranean regions; the underworld, hell. Fig. chasm; deep hole.

Patan [S], m. 1. falling. 2. settling, subsiding. 3. decline. 4. falling (in battle)

Patit, adj. & m. 1. adj. fallen. 2. fig. degraded; abject. 3. lapsed (from religion); sinful. 4. outcast. 5. m. a fallen person, &c.Patit – paavan, adj. purifying the sinful: a title of the supreme being.

Paatr [S], m. 1. vessel; dish; gobelet; bowl. 2. finally in comp. fit vessel: recipient; proper object (of esteem etc.). 3. character (in a literary work); actor (in a drama).

Paatrătaa [S], f. suitability, worthiness (as for a post, an honour; eligibility.

Pattaa [pattraka-], m. 1. leaf. 2. a leaf-shaped design. 3. leaf-shaped ornament worn in the ear. 4. a playing card. 5. a banknote

Pattii [pattrikaa-], f. 1. leaf; leaves; hemp leaves (used to make bhaamg). 2. petal. 3. a leaf or thin plate (of metal); blade (of knife, razor). 4. share, portion; specif. share of land.

Paudhe: plants

Paunaa, adj & m. 1. adj. less by a quarter. 2. the multiplication table of three-quarter. ~ do: one and three quarters; paune do sau: 275.

Paavan [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. purifying. 2. pure; holy. 3. m. the name of various purifying or cleansing things, esp. fire; water; cow-dung. 4. the nuts of the tree Elaeocarpus ganitrus (from which rosaries and bracelets are made). 5. fig. repentance; penance.

Per, m: tree

Peṭ: stomach

Phailnaa, vi. 1. to spread, to strech out; to be spread or extended. 2. to be spread out (objects); to be scattered, dispersed. 3. to be opened wide (mouth, eyes). 4. to increase (in size)…6. to be spread, to become current (rumour, practice…) p689

Phal [phala-], m. 1. fruit. 2. produce; crop; yield. 3. result. 4. gain; advantage; return, reward…p678

Phalan: so-and-so (?) see falaaṁ

Phalaanaa, vt. to cause to bear fruit; to make fruitful.

In the same dictionary look at the next word Q+ykuk = Q+yk¡ so look in Q+yk¡ it says such and such, any, a particular, a certain, so and so etc.

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Phalnaa [phalati]. Vi. 1. to bear fruit; to be in fruit (tree, shrub). 2. to have issue, heirs (a couple). 3. to thrive (as an activity). 4. to prove successful or advantageous (to/ko). 5. to break out in blisters, pimples (skin)

Phaasi, f. 1. noose; halter. 2. hanging, death by hanging. 3. transf. gallows (gibet). ~ carhnaa, vi. A nose to be put on the neck (of/ko); to be hanged

Phasnaa, vi. 1. to stick, to sink (in or into/me: as in mud). 2. to be struck (in: as in a crack, or a narrow place). 3. to be caught, snared; to be tricked, cheated. 4. fig. to be entangled (in difficulties); to be involved (as in a suit); to be implicated.

Phaṛaknaa, vi. 1. to pulsate; to flutter; to quiver, to twitch (as the eyelids, or the side or arm: an omen); to throb. 2. to welter (in blood: a wounded person). 3. to be agitated, or passionate. 4. to yearn (for/ko or ke lie)

Phat, m. a sudden movement, or sharp sound. Phataaphat, adv. Quickly, &c.

Phaṭnaa, vi. 1. to be torn, to be torn open; to be dispersed (as clouds). 2. to split, to crack. 3. to feel pain. 4. to feel grief, or vexation. 5. to burst (as a dam). 6. to be separated, detached. 7. to separate out: to be clarified (as butter); to turn sour (milk); to clot (blood). 8. to suffer strain: to be bloodshot (the eyes); to become hoarse, or to break (the voice)

Pheṁknaa, vt. 1. to throw; to hurl, to cast. 2. to throw down. 3. to throw out or away; to discard. 4. to launch, to fire (an arrow, a shot). 5. to launch (at/par: a hawk at game, a horse into charge (at)). 6. to cast off, to shed (a burden: on to/par). 7. to shed, to spill, to pour out. 8. to squander. 9. to flail with (the limbs); to brandish, to wield (a staff, &c). 10. fig. to disregard, to make light of.

Phel [Engl. fail], adj. 1. failed. 2. failed, out of order. 3. ineffective (measure).

Phir [cf. h. phirnaa], adv.1. anew, again. (~ se) 2. thereafter’ afterwards; next; then. 3. furthermore; but. 4. in that case~ aanaa: to come back, to return~ bhi: even so, nonetheless

Phirnaa, vi. 1. to turn, revolve; to move (shadow…). 2. to turn in a circle; to whirl 3. to go or to move about; to walk to and fro; to wander; to travel. 4. to circulate (call, information). 5. to turn away; to turn (right or left)…9. to turn over, to roll. 10. to be applied, spread on (paint)…p 683

Pichaaṛi, f. 1. rear, hind part. 2. hind legs (eg. of a horse). 3. ropes by which hind legs of a horse are tied

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Piiche [cf. H. piichaa], adv. & ppn. 1. adv. Behind, at the rear.. 2. afterwards, later; then, next. 3. back… 4. ago. 5. ppn. (usu. W. ke) behind, & c.; behind the back (of); after; out of concern for, for the sake of; as a consequence of …p632

Pichlaa, adj & m. 1. adj. back, rear. 2. last; late, past, old; previous. 3. latest, recent

Piṇḍ [S], m. 1. a lump; a ball. 2. a mouthful of food. 3. cake or ball of meal, flour or rice offered to the spirit of ancestors; oblation to ancestors offered by nearest surviving relatives. 4. lump, ingot (of metal). 5. a body; the human body.

Pironaa [parivayati], vt. 1. to string (as pearls: on, men). 2. to run a thread, or string (through/men); to thread (a needle).

Pokhraa [pauṣkara-], m. pond, pool, tank.

Poṣaṇ [S], m. 1. nurturing, bringing up. 2. encouraging (a hope, or an attitude). 3. maintenance . ~ karnaa (ka), to bring up (a child); to encourage (a view, &c); to maintain.

Pra-bandh, m. 1. connection, tie. *2. arrangement, organisation (of an activity); management (company); administration. 3. measure, step (to an end)…p661

Pra-bhaav [S.], m. 1. power, might: majesty. *2. influence (upon “par”); effect; impression.p662

Pra-bhav [S.], m. 1. production, birth. 2. origin, source

Pra-bhaavit [S], adj. influenced (by/se); impressed (by)

Praaciin: ancient

Prad suff (forms adj from nouns) giving

Pra-darśaan [S], m. showing; exhibiting. 2. a demonstration. 3. exhibition.

Pra-darśaanii [S], f. 1. an exhibition. 2. pl. fee (to an officiant at a ceremony)

Pra-darśit [S], adj. 1. shown; exhibited; pointed out, declared. 2. pl. HSS. prophesied

Pradesh: m. state, region

Pra-dhaan, adj. & m. 1. adj. chief, principal. 3. m. chief, leader, head. 4. minister, counsellor. 5. headman (of a village). 6. principal thing, prime object.

Pra-dhaanătaa [S], f. 1. pre-eminence, leading status. 2. leadership; guidance (of an enterprise).

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Pra-duuṣaN [S], m. damage, pollution (to or of the environment)

Prajvalit a. 1. set on fire, ignited, burnt. 2. shining, resplendent, radiant, sparklingPrajvalit karnaa v. t. to ignite, to cause to burnPra-jvalit [S], adj. 1. flaming, blazing. 2. bright, radiant.

Pra-kaar [S.], m. 1. kind, sort, type. 2. way, manner, methode. 3. special feature or features (of sg). 4. gram. Mood. P652.

Pra-kaaś [S.], m. & adj. 1. m. brightness, light, splendour. 2. daylight, sunshine 3. transf. display, pomp. 4. appearance, disclosure 5. vision, eyesight … p652

Pra-kaaśătaa [S], f. Pl. HSS. 1. brightness. 2. visibility. 3. transf. fame

Pra-khar [S.], adj. 1. very hot; biting; acrid, pungent. 2. very sharp; piercing (glance); cutting, barbed (remark); keen (intelligence). 3. very hard. 4. fig. huge, vast.

Pra-kharǎtaa [S.], f. fierceness, keenness, etc.

Pra-khyaat [S], adj. 1. celebrated (= vikhyaat). 2. pej. notorious.

Pra-kriti [S.], f. 1. original form or state. 2. nature, character; temperament. 3. nature, the natural world. 4. philos. A force or principle evolving the material world.

Pra-kriyaa [S], f. 1. manner, method; technique. *2. process; processing (of/kii). 3. procedure. 4. rite, observance.

Pra-kRist, p`kRYT adj. pre-eminent; chief, best. ???? (I don’t know this word; I donot have it in a dict. I know: prakaashit (brought into light); there is the word: prakaSHT which Baba uses, but I am not sure about its meaning in English This is ptobably the second one, I look in the dico what Baba says.

Pra-lay, m. hind. 1. dissolution of the world at the end of a kalpa. 2. disaster, catastrophe

Praaley, adj. poet. Mythol. Having to do with the dissolution of the world (as flood)

Prâni-, having to do with living creatures; zoo-; bio-

Prapañc. M. 1. illusory creation, this world 2. the network of worldly or mundane affairs, earthly mirage. 3. trickery. 4. delusion. 5. fabrication. 6. artifice. 7. manipulation

Prâpt, adj. 1. obtained; acquired; incurred. 2. come upon, found; arrived at (as a situation). 3. befallen (as a misfortune); endured.

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Prâpti [S.], f. 1. obtaining, acquisition; attainment (to a goal, a level); fulfilment (of a request). 2. gain, advantage; income. 3. receipt (of a letter etc.) reception (of guests). 4. transf. perception.

Prârabdh, adj. & m. 1. adj. begun. 2. caused by fate. 3. m. deeds performed in an earlier birth. *4. fate, destiny.Prârabdhi, f. 1. beginning. 2. destinyPrârabdhii, adj. of good destiny, fortunate

Pra-sann [S.], adj. 1. clear, bright; pure. *2. pleased (with/se); delighted. 3. contented; cheerful; flourishing, well. 4. propitiated (as a deity); gracious, well-disposed (to/par)Prasanncitt, *2. pleased (with/se); delighted. 3. contented; cheerful; flourishing, well.

Prasannătaa [S], f. 1. pleasure, &c. 2. contentment. 3. favour

Pra-śaṃsaa [S], f. 1. praise; commendation; eulogy. 2. fame, glory. ~ karnaa (kii), to praise, &c.

Pra-saṅg [S], m. 1. attachment; connection. 2. subject, topic; section of a book (on a partic. Topic); context. 3. occasion, motivationg cause; opportunity. 4. Pl. sexual intercourse. Pra-saṅgpraapt, adj. relevant (to a matter). P666

Pra-siddh [S], adj. 1. well-known. 2. celebrated, famous. 3. pej. notorious.

Pra-taap [S], m. 1. ardour; vigour, energy; valour. 2. brilliance; majesty, glory; prowess; possession of rank and power. 3. transf. magnanimity; generosity

Praatah, m. early morning, dawn

Prathaa [S], f. sg. which has spread, or arisen: 1. custom; institution (social, procedural). 2. particular system (as of government). Prathaagat, adj. customary; institutionalised.

Prati [S], f. & pref. & ppn. 1. f. copy (of a book, &c). 2. copy (of an original). 3. section, group (of a larger whole). 4. pref. again, back again, re-. 5. towards, against, anti-, counter- (eg. pratikuul, adj. contrary, adverse); pertaining (to). 6. each, every; per (pratidin, adv. daily). 7. similar to (eg. pratilipi, f. a copy). 8. for, in exchange, by proxy. 9. ppn. w. ke. Against. 10. towards, in regard to (of feelings, opinions)

Prati-din, adv. 1. every day. 2. always, continually.~ kaa, adj. daily, everyday.

Pratigya*: vow

Prati-yog [S], m. 1. opposition, hostility. 2. controversy. 3. association, cooperation..

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Prati-yogitaa [S], f. 1. competition, rivalry. 2. a contest, competition. 3. hostility. ~ karnaa, to compete (with/se); to be a rival (of).

Praty-aks [S.], adj & m. 1. adj. visible, perceptible; clear, evident; vivid; real, actual. 2. express, explicit. 3. direct, immediate; personal (acquaintance)…4. m. visible reality; actuality. ~karnaa: to make evident. → to reveal

Pra-vtti [S], f. 1. tendency. 2. inclination, disposition; taste (for/kii, kii or). 3. application, use; currency (of a practice). 4. hind. active life (as opposed to a life of contemplation). 5. conduct, behaviour (esp. as characterising a group). 6. applicability (of a rule).

Prâyaḥ [S], adv. 1. for the most part, generally; often. 2. approximately; nearly, almost.

Prayalop: hidden, hasn’t completely disappeared

Pra-yaas [S], m. 1. attempt, endeavour; eager pursuit (of an aim, &c). 2. effort, exertion. ~ karnaa, to make an effort, &c (to/kaa)

Prêrăṇaa [S], f. 1. urging; impetus. 2. incitement. 3. stimulus, encouragement.

Prêrit [S], adj. 1. urged, impelled; moved, motivated (to an action). 2. incited. 3. stimulated, encouraged.

Prêt [S], m. 1. the spirit of a dead person (esp. before the funeral rites are performed). 2. a ghost, evil spirit, demon. 3. pej. villain. ~ karm, m. funerary ceremonies p671

PRithvii, pRqvaI f. 1. the wide world, the earth. 2. earth, ground, soil

Priyă [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. dear, beloved. 2. agreeable, kind (a person). 3. (often –priyă) valued; liked (a person, a thing); favourite. 4. –priyă . approving of. 5. attractive. 6. dear one; husband; lover

Priiti [S], f. 1. love, affection; regard. 2. gladness; enjoyment. ~ karnaa, to show affection (for/se); to love P671

Puch, f. 1. enquiry (into/kii). 2. demand, request (for sg needed/kii). 3. attention, respect (for a person’s wishes or opinion) p 640

Puckaarnaa, vt. 1. to coax; to stroke, to pat; to fondle. 2. transf. to urge on (a horse).

Pukaarnaa: to call out (*bhakt pukaarte hain: the devotees call out)

Pukhtaa [P.pukhta], adj. inv. 1. baked, fired (as bricks). 2. firm, strong (= pakkaa); fixed, definite; confirmed (as a misgiving). 3. U. mature; wise

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Punaḥ [S], adv. & pref. again, anew; re- p 636

Punar-[S], pref. again, anew, re-Punarjanm , m. rebirth, transmigration; revival, regeneration.

Puṇyaa [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. auspicious. 2. virtuous, meritorious (an act). 3. holy, sacred (an observance, a duty, a place). 4. pleasing (as a deity to devotees). 5. m. moral or spiritual merit; virtue. 6. virtuous act. 7. welfare (of the individual); happiness. 8. good fortune.

Puraa, adv. & pref. Brbh. 1. adv. Of old, formerly. 2. pref. existing of old, former.

Puuraa [puura-1], adj. 1. full, complete; satisfied (as desires). Pure ka ~, adj quite complete, etc. 2. entire, whole; made good (as deficiency). 3. completed, accomplished (as a task); spent ( a period of time). 4. fulfilled, kept (as one’s word); fulfilling. 5. exact, precise; sufficient. ~ saamaan, m. everything needed (for a purpose) . 6. complete absolute; real (a friend etc.); unqualified, unrestricted; arrant (as a villain) p 641 for expr.

Puraan , adj. & m. 1. old; ancient; primeval. 2. a puraana (a class of voluminous work in Sanskrit dealing with aspects of ancient Indian history, legend, mythology or theology).

Purii -1 [S.]. f. 1. a town, city. 2. abode; palace. 3. fig. the body.

Purii -2 [cf. H. puuraa], f. reg. fullness; completed ness.

Puurṇ [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. full, filled, &c. (= puuraa). 2. gram. Perfective. 3. m. a whole (as opposed to a part)

Puurti [S]. f. 1. filling. 2. accomplishment (of a purpose, an aim). *3. making good (a want); satisfying, meeting (a need, demand); supply (of a commodity). 4. solving, solution (of a problem). 5. fullness, completeness. 6. math. multiplication.

Purus [S.], m. 1. a man, human being. *2. a male. 3. a person, individual. Pl. ancestors. 5. gram. Person. (uttam ~, m. first person. 6. the supreme being or soul of the universe. 7. the primary being, source of the universe. 8. the human soul…Purushottam: adj. best of men; the supreme being, a title of Visnu or K ۪rsna.Purushaarth, m. manliness; exertion, vigour; a goal of man, esp. any one of the caar padaarthThe meaning of 'purushaarth' (effort) itself is for the sake of soul. 'Svaarth' means for the sake of one's own chariot (sva rath). Whatever task is performed, whatever we speak, whatever we think for the body-like chariot, is temporary and whatever is done for the sake of soul is permanent. (VCD 553 p 5)

Puurv, adj. & m. 1. adj. forward, foremost. 2. eastward; east, eastern; first (light). 3. prior, preceding, former. 4. initial; preliminary; pre-. 5. ancient. 6. adv. Before, previously, formerly. 7. ppn. (w. ke/se) in front (of); before, previous (to). 8. m. the east ancestors

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-puurvak [S], suffix (form adverbs of manner from nouns, e.g. aadarpuurvak, respectfully)

Putla, m. 1. a puppet; a doll. 2. an idol; effigy. 3. transf. embodiment. P636

Pyaas [pipaasaa-], f. 1. thirst. 2. desire, craving

.QQQ.

Qaabiz, adj. taking, seizing; possessing; occupying.

Qabr [A], f. grave. 2. tomb

Qadr, f. 1. merit, worth. 2. estimation; value set (upon, kii). 3. measure, extent, degree. ~ karnaa (kii), to appreciate justly, to value.

Qaanuun, m. 1. a law; regulation. 2. law (in general)Qaanuunan, adv. By law, legally.

Qarz, m. 1. a debt. 2. a loan. ~ uṭhaanaa, to take on a debt (of/kaa)

Qayaamat, f. & adj. 1. f. the resurrection; doomsday. 2. calamity. 3. fig. lamentation; commotion. 4. adj. astounding; dire p170

Qaaydaa, m. 1. regulation, rule; law. 2. custom, practice, way; habit. 3. regularity; uniformity. 4. precept, principle. 5. manners, etiquette. 6. a primer, reader. 7. gram. a rule. ~ se, in accordance with rule, or custom, &c; properly. Qaayade-qaanuun, m. pl. rules and regulations. (contrary beqaayda)

Qaaym [A qaa’im], adj, standing: 1. fixed, established; set up. 2. lasting; remaining in force. 3. stable. 4. steadfast (in respect of/par). ~ karnaa, to set up, to establish; to make permanent; to uphold, to support; to appoint (to/par). ~ rakhnaa = ~karnaa, 1, 3; to keep up, to preserve. P 191

Qilaa, m. a fort; a castle.

Qiimat [A. qiima: P. qiimat]. F. 1. price. 2. value, worth. 3. cost

Qismat , f. division: fate, destiny; lot

Qurbaan, m. 1. f. a sacrifice; an offering. 2. devotion. P206

.RRR.

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Racnaa, vi. & vt. 1. vi. To be created, made or formed. 2. to be composed (as a book). 3. to be set afoot, initiated (as acts, or a scheme). 4. vt. [= H. 1 racaanaa] to create, to make, to form. 5. to compose (as a book). 6. to initiate (an action or a scheme); to prepare; to plan. 7. to celebrate (as a marriage). 8. reg. to arrange in order; to string together.

Racăna [S], f. 1. creating, forming. 2. sg created or formed; a creation; a literary or artistic work. 3. establishment, arrangement. 4. structure (as part of a literary work)

Racayitaa [S], m. inv. 1. creator, maker. 2. composer, author (of a work).

Rafaa, m. inv. Removing, ending (a difficulty, a need; or a quarrel etc). ~ karnaa, to remove, to end; to settle (a dispute). Rafaa-dafaa, m. = ~

Raftaar, f. 1. going, motion; gait. *2. pace, speed. 3. manner of proceeding, behaviour.

Rag, f. 1. a blood vessel: artery; vein. 2. sinew, tendon; fibre (of the body). 3. vein (in a leaf). 4. fig. inner nature, character. 5. fig. obstinacy

Raah, f. 1. road, way. 2. transf. journey, progress. 3. means of access, or of exit. 4. manner, method; custom. ~ par laanaa, to guide on the (right) road; to cause (one) to reform… p 864

Rahasya: secret

Rahm, m. pity, compassion; tenderness

Raahu [S], m. mythol. name of a demon supposed (with Ketu) to seize the sun and moon in his mouth and so to cause eclipses. Raahu-graas, m. eclipse.

Raaii [raajikaa-], f. 1. a mustard seed. 2. transf. a tiny particle, grain. 3. a type of mustard having small seeds.Raaii ko parvat ginnaa/karnaa: to make a mountain out of a molehill

Raj [ad. Rajas, neut.], f. & m. 1. f. dust. 2. pollen. 3. m. menstrual discharge. 4. = rajas. – raj-kaN, m. speck of dust; grain of pollen. Rajavatii, adj. f. menstruating.

Raaj [ad. Raajan-], m. 1. king, prince; lord, master, ruler. 2. sg. royal; anything the best or chief of its kind. 3. a mason, builder (= raajgiir)

Raaj [rajya-], m. 1. royalty, kingly state. 2. kingdom, realm, state; empire. 3. rule, sway; government. P860 raaj-niiti, f. royal policy or polity: politics

Raajdhaanii: f. capital, metropolis.

Raajnetaa m. statesman

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Rajiiya, adj. monarchicalRaajik, adj. diplomatic

Raakaa [S.], f. 1. the day of full moon; full moon. ---->raakesh, m. lord of Raakaa: full moon; a title of Shiva

Rakhnaa: vt. 1. to put, to place; to leave (in the keeping of/ke paas); to pledge, to pawn (an article); to deposit (money). 2. to submit, to depose (as proof, an argument, a charge: to/ke samne). 3. to keep (in a place); to keep (as a trademan his stock); to keep (animals); to collect (partic. articles). 4. to keep ( in a partic. state). 5. to keep (a concubine). 6. to keep or to hold back (as facts, information; or money, goods); to put aside (money). 7. to protect; to preserve; to care for; to put up (guests). 8. to possess, to have (in one’s possession); to have (as of right); to feel, to harbour (emotions). 9. esp. w. denaa. to engage, to appoint. 10. w. denaa. to assign (to a sphere of duties). 11. to apply (a reference: to/par). 12. to ascribe, to impute (a fault, &c.: to/par)…p850

Ramaṇ [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. delighting. *2. m. a lover; husband. 3. delight, dalliance. 4. sexual intercourse.

Ramăṇiik [S], adj. = ramaṇiiya

Ramaṇiiya [S], adj. lovely, charming

Ramaṇiiyătaa [S], f. 1. loveliness, charm (of a young woman). 2. charm (of nature)

Ramnaa, vi. 1. to wander happily, to roam; to stroll; to go (one’s way). 2. to take pleasure or delight (in); to be attracted (to), or engrossed (in). man ~, to take delight (in); to be distracted (the thoughts).

Rang manc: the scene (theatre)

Raṅgii [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. impassioned. 2. devoted (to). 3. m. pl. HSS. An actor. 4. pl. HSS. a dyer

Raas [S], m. 1. noise, din. 2. a dance of cowherd. 3. specif. the round-dance or Krishna with the herdgirls of Braj. 4. a Krishna festival including enactment of the round-dance, celebrated in the month Kaartik. 5. a type of popular drama dealing with exploits of Krishnaa. Raas-triiṛaa, f. /raas-liilaa, f. Krishna’s dalliance and dance with the herdgirls of Braj.

Raaśi, f. 1. heap, mass. 2. sum, total. 3. fund (of money). 4. a sign of the zodiac.

Raṭ [cf. H. raṭnaa], f. 1. repeating, repetition; rote-learning. 2. a worn-out slogan, or a familiar claim. ~ algaanaa, colloq. To repeat the same old things.

Raṭant [cf. H. raṭnaa], f. continued repeating, rote-learning; parrotting (sg).

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Raatri [S], f. night

Rath [S], m. 1. chariot. 2. vehicle (as of the gods)

Rathii [S], m. 1. charioteer. 2. warrior who fights from a chariot.

Ratn [S.], 1. jewel, precious stone; treasure. 2. sg. Precious or excellent.

Raurav, adj. & m. 1. adj. fearsome, terrible. 2. m. mythol. A hell; transf. hellishness.

Rasnaa [rasati 2, and H. ras], vi. 1. [H. 1 risnaa] to drip. 2. Brbh, to feel delight, or ecstasy (see ras).

Raay [P. raa’ii], f. 1. opinion, judgment. 2. advice. 3. an individual vote (in an election)

Raaz [P.], m. a secret; a mystery

Riśtaa, m. string, line: 1. connection, relationship (with/se). 2. relationship (of blood or marriage) p865Riśtedaar/ii, m/f. a relative

Riśvat [S], f. a bribe p865

Riiti [S], f. going, course: 1. manner, way: fashion, style. is ~ se, adv. in this manner; accordingly. 2. mannerism (the attitudes and style dominant in Hindi verse on poetics in the 16th – 19th centuries). 3. usage, custom; rite. 4. rule, regulation. ~ se, adv. according to custom

Rivaaj, m. being in demand: 1. currency, usual occurrence. 2. custom, practice [Advance learner’s] usage, vogue, fashion, convention

Rog, m. 1. illness; disease; an illness. 2. fig. an evil, worry, plague. 3. a bad habit.Rogii, adj. & m. 1. adj. ill; ailing, unwell; diseased (plant, seed). 2. an invalid; patient.

Romaanc, m. curl or thrill of the body hairs. Thrill (of ecstasy or of horror). P 873

Rośni, f. 1. light; brightness; illumination (as of a building). 2. brighteness (of the eye); clearness of sight. 3. a light, lamp; electric light bulb. 4. enlightment

Roz, m & adj. 1. m. a day; a day of 24 hours. 2. adv. daily. ~ kaa, adj. daily (work, bread); everyday, ordinary (as an event)

Ruuii, f. 1. cotton (carded or cleaned). 2. cotton-wool

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Ruknaa [cf. H. roknaa], vi. 1. to stop, to halt; to come to an end (as rain, flood). 2. to be hindered, stopped or prohibited (an event)

Rudră [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. fearsome. 2. m. mythol. A title of a Vedic storm-god. 3. a title of Shiva. Rudră bhuumi, f. Shiva’s ground: a cremation site. Rudraksh, m. Rudra-eyed: the tree Elaeocarpus ganitrus, and its berries (used for rosaries)

Ruuhaanii, adj. 1. having a soul or spirit. 2. spiritual

Ruup [S], m. 1. form, shape; appearance; aspect. 2. face, features. 3. beauty, handsomeness. 4. manner, mode. 5. character, nature; species; type. 6. gram. A form. 7. esp ~ ruup, adj. formant. Having the form of; consisting of…ruup-rekhaa, f. sketch, outline (of a topic) p868

.SSS.

Sa- [S], prefix. 1. together with, along with. 2. having, possessing. 3. equal, same. P971

Sabaq, m, lesson p 983

Sabhaa [S.], f. 1. assembly, meeting, gathering. 2. a society, association. 3. a deliberative body: council house, assembly (of parliament). 4. place of assembly etc.: council, hall; levee. 5. fig. deliberation

Sabhii/sab hii, adj. & pron. every single (one), absolutely all.

Sabhiit, adj. fearful, afraid; timid.

Saabit, adj. 1. established, confirmed; proved. 2. sound, valid. ~ karnaa, to establish, etc.; to prove; to substantiate.

Sabuut (m): proof

Saccaaii [cf. H. saccaa], f. 1. truth; the truth. 2. authenticity. 3. truthfulness. 4. honesty, sincerity (as of intentions). 5. faithfulness (to an original).

Sadaiv (= sadaa): ever

Saadhan [S], m. 1. the act of accomplishing, or achieving. 2. an accomplishment, achievement. 3. means; expedient

Saadhaaran: ordinary

Śaadii [P. Śaadii ], f. delight, glad occasion: marriage; a wedding. ~ karnaa, to have (a person) married (to/se), to arrange a marriage. ~ honaa, (one’s) marriage to take place (to/se)

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Sa-dr ̥ś [S], adj. 1. like, similar. 2. fit, proper, suitable; worthy. 3. ppn. W. [ke]. Similar (to); after the manner (of)

Saaf, adj. 1. clear, fair (as sky); bright (light). 2. clean. 3. unadulterated. 4. unobstructed (way). 5. clear (voice). 6. sincere, open (of manner); simple, innocent; clean (game). 7. plain, clear (any matter); lucid (language, ideas); express, flat (a refusal); peremptory. 8. correct, true (a statement, account); exact (a calculation); fair (a likeness). 9. legible. 10. blank (paper). 11. flat, level. 12. practiced (hand). 13. adv. Clearly. 14. completely. 15. safely, unharmed; lightly

Sagiir: clever?

Sah- [S.], pref. 1. with, along with, together with. 2. united; common; co-

Saha-j, adj. & m. born together: 1. innate; natural, instinctive. 2. unforced, unaffected (manner). 3. easy, simple (as a task). 4. m. a full brother. 5. natural state or disposition. 6. E.H. the unqualified absolute (as perceivable intituitively in the heart); Brbh. the supreme being p997

Sahaaraa [sahakaara-¹], 1. support. 2. dependence, reliance. 3. encouragement. 4. assistance, aid.

Saahas [S], m. 1. boldness, courage; spirit, vigour. 2. resoluteness

Sahâyak [S], adj. & m. going with: 1. adj. assisting, assistant. 2. auxiliary (force, service); gram. auxiliary (verb); secondary (industry); supplementary (list, table; benefits). 3. tributary (a river). 4. m. an assistant; companion.

Sahii, adj. & f. 1. adj. sound, right, correct; real, actual. 2. arith. Whole. 3. adv. (it is) quite right, or correct; really; exactly. 4. very well, all right. 5. f. colloq. Confirmation, corroboration; signature

Sahit, ppn. With or without “ke”. 1. accompanied (by); attended by. 2. along (with), together (with)

Sah-yog [S], m. cooperation; collaboration.

Saikṛaa, m. & adv. 1. m. an amount of a hundred. 2. the hundreds’ position (in a series). 3. adv. Per cent.

Śaitaanii, adj. & f. 1. adj. devilish, fiendish. 2. f. wicked or fiendish behaviour; naughtiness

Śaiyaa in “kanton kii śaiyaa”: bed of thorn

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Sazaa, f. worthy, deserving: 1.punishment. 2. retribution

Saakaar, adj. having form or shape; real, visible (not imaginary). 2. incarnate

Sakhaa [S], m. inv. Friend, companion

Sâks, adj. having eyes.Sâksaat, adv. & adj. & m. before the eyes: 1. adv. In the sight or presence (of). 2. visibly, manifestly. 3. adj. visible, evident, veritable; incarnate. 4. m. a (face-to-face) meeting. Sâksaatkaar, m. a meeting, interview

Sâksi, adj. & m. 1. adj. observing, witnessing. 2. testifying. 3. m. an eye-witness. 4. witness (in law). 5. a spectator.

Śakti [S], f. 1. power, strength (physical, or otherwise); energy; transf. electric power. 2. ability, capacity. 3. phys. A force. 4. pol. A power, nation. 5. the energy of a deity personified as his wife (as Durgaa or gaurii of Śiva, Lakshmi of Vishnu). 6. the female genitalia (as counterpart of the phallic representation of Śiva; worshipped by shaktas)

Salaah, f. 1. advice. 2. consultation

Saaligraam or śaal-graam, m. hind. Śaalagraam stone: a kind of stone containing one or more ammonites which is supposed to be pervaded by the substance of Vishnu, and is sacred to VaishnavasAlso supposed to be a grain of rice with the husk. Baba use the image to represent the soul.

Saltanat, f. 1. sovereign power, dominion, rule. 2. a sultanate, kingdom.

Śamaa, m. 1. a wax candle. 2. fig. a lamp (= battii)

Sam-aa-caar [S], m. proceeding, practice or behaviour; state, condition: 1. an occurrence. *2 (often pl.) news, information.

Sam-aa-dhaan [S], m. putting together: 1. solution (of a problem); resolving, resolution (of a doubtful matter); decision, determination. 2. the act of satisfying, propitiating. 3. deep meditation, contemplation. Sam-aa-dhaankaarak, adj. decisive (step, argument); definite (an answer).

Saamaagrii [S], f. collected materials, stock, implements etc.

Samajh (f): understandingSamajhnaa: to understand, to perceive, to think, to consider p984Samjhaanaa: to explain Samjhaanaa parta hai: have to be explained

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Samaalnaa, vt. pronounc var. = sambhaalnaa

Samaan [S]. adj. & ppn. 1. like, similar; equal. 2. even, level. 3. common, general. 4. ppn. w. [ke] similar (to), equal (to); just as

Samaanaa [saṁmaati], vi &vt. 1. vi. to be contained or held (in/mein); to fit (into). 2. to take up the available room or space (in); to fill; to pervade. 3. fig. to sink (into: as into the earth, in shame). 4. vt. To place or to pour (objects or liquid into a container: ke andar, or mein)

Samaar, m. reg. (Bihar) 1. a second ploughing. 2. cross-ploughing (of a field: as opposed to ploughing by circuits). 3. covering seed sown in a furrow by ploughing a second furrow beside it.

Samaaroh: ceremony (opening)

Sam-arpan, m. 1. entrusting. 2. handing over, &c (see samarpit); dedicating, dedication. 3. law. Assignement, transfer. For Baba: surrender.

Sam-arpit [S], adj. 1. entrusted, committed (to/ko). 2. handed over, presented; surrendered; dedicated (to). 3. law. Made over, assigned (to). 4. consigned, dispatched. ~ karnaa, to entrust, &c.

Sam-arth [S.],adj. 1. capable, competent. 2. suitable (for a purpose). 3. powerful.

Sam-arthak [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. lending strength, supporting; favouring. 2. supporter; seconder.

Sam-arthan [S.], m. 1. support (in [mein]: as in an effort, an endeavour). 2. confirmation.

Sam-arthǎniiyǎ [S.], adj. deserving support.

Sam-asyaa [S], f. junction, union: 1. the latter half of a verse (provision of a first part for which forms a test of poetic skill). *2. a problem

Sam-aaveś [S], entering, penetration: 1. inclusion, incorporation. 2. pl. HSS. Possession (by evil spirits). ~ karnaa (ka), to include, to incorporate (in/mein)

Sam-ay [S.], m. 1. time. 2. proper time; opportunity; due time, term. 3. period, season; age; times (in general). 4. date, dates (as of a writer’s birth and death). 5. leisure. 6. obs. Chapter, canto (of a narrative poem). ~ par, adv. on time, punctually. ~ ~, adv. from time to time. ~ ~ par, adv. id.; at certain times; according to the times. P 985

Sam-bandh, m. 1. connection; relationship (with/se). 2. relationship (of blood or marriage). 3. a connection (mail, air, telephone). 4. gram. Possessive case

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Sam-bandhit [S], adj. 1. connected. 2. concerned (with), involved (in). ~ karnaa, to connect (with/se or ke saath)

Sambhalnaa = sambhaalnaa, vt. 1. to support; to sustain (as expenditure, or an attack); to hold up. 2. to adjust (clothing). 3. to hold, not to let go. 4. to take care of, to look after. 5. to maintain (as family, relatives). 6. to assist (one). 7. to see to, to settle (a matter). 8. to superintend. 9. to regulate (as expenses, revenues). 10. to curb (the feelings, the tongue). 11. to correct (a child); to punish.

Sam-bhav, m. & adj. 1. m. birth, origin. *2. adj. possible; probable

Sameṭ, f. gathering together, rolling up.

Sameṭnaa, vt. 1. to gather up or together; to scrape together. 2. to roll up or together; to wrap up. 3. to finish, to dispose of; to wind up (a business).

Saṁhaar, drawing together: 1. total destruction, or ruin. 2. killing; slaughter, carnage. 3. mythol. Final destruction of the world. Other pron: /senhar/, /saṅghar/

Śaamil, adj. 1. included (in/men). 2. involved (in), participating. ~ karnaa, to include, to incorporate (in); to attach (as papers to a file); to include (one in a group); to involve (in an activity).

Samiipǎtaa [S], f. nearness, proximity ( = saamiipya)

Śaamiyaanaa, m. 1. a large tent. marquee; pavilion. 2. canopy, awning

Samjhaanaa, vt. 1. to cause to understand, to explain (to/ko). 2. to give (one) to know, to impress on the mind (of); to convince. 3. to advise; to console. 4. to admonish. 5. to correct; to punish

Sam-maan [S], m. 1. honour, esteem; veneration, homage. 2. an honour; a decoration. ~ karnaa, to honour, to show esteem, &c (for/kaa)

Saṃ-ny-aas [S], m. 1. laying down, abandonment; specif. renunciation of the world, becoming an ascetic. 2. the fourth stage (aaśram) of life, life of a wandering ascetic. 3. HSS. Complete exhaustion; coma. ~ grahaṇa karnaa

Sam-pann [S], adj. 1. prosperous, thriving; rich. 2. accomplished, effected, completed. 3. esp. –sampann. Abundantly endowed (with), possessed (of: as of wealth, learning). ~ karnaa, to bring to a successful conclusion; to endow abundantly (with)

Sam-park , m. mixing together: 1. contact; liaison. 2. relationship, connection

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Sam-patti [S], f. 1. wealth, riches; property, possessions; resources. 2. success, prosperity. 3. completion, accomplishment.

Sam-pra-daay [S], m. 1. an established doctrine, persuasion or system of teaching. *2. a religious sect; school (of thought). 3. a religious community

Sam-puurn, adj. & m. 1. adj. complete; unlimited. 2. entire, whole, all. 3. full (the moon). 4. completed (as a task, an activity). 5. mus. Any scale or melody in which all the notes of the partic. Raag or raaginii are used.

Sam-raat [S.], m. emperor

Sam-ṛddh, adj. 1. prosperous, thriving. 2. wealthy. 3. enriched (as a language, a literature)Sam-ṛddh i, f. prosperity

Saṃ-saar [saṃ-saara-], m. 1. cycle of births or states, transmigration. 2. transf. the world; the universe. 3. life in this world; worldly concerns; illusion as to worldly reality

Saṃ-sarg [S], m. mixture, union: 1. contact, touch. 2. m. association, dealings. 3. cohabitation

Saṃ-śay [S.]; m. 1. uncertainty, doubt; hesitation; mistrust. 2. apprehension (of) 3. anxiety; fear

Saṃ-sthaa [S], f. 1. an institutional body; institute (of learning, &c). 2. an organisation; an association, society

Sam-uc-cay, m. 1. assemblage, aggregate, mass. 2. collection; anthology. 3. gram. An assemblage of words or sentences.

Samudra : m. sea, ocean

Sam-uuh [S], m. 1. a collection, aggregate. 2. multitude, mass (of people). 3. flock, herd (of animals, birds)

Saṃ-śay [S], m. 1. uncertainty, doubt; hesitation; mistrust. 2. apprehension (of). 3. anxiety; fear

Saṃ-sthaan [S], m. = Saṃ-sthaa, 1. : an institutional body; institute (of learning etc.)

Lk¡koyk [sāṁvlā]: dark complexioned 2. Title of a lover or a husband; specif. of Krishna Pg. 1001

Saṃ- yukt [S], adj. 1. connected together; joined, compound (as a verb, a noun); conjunct (as a consonant graphs). 2. joined, united; join (a family; an activity)

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San [A. sana], m. f. 1. year (of a calendar). 2. era. ~ 1974 mein, adv. In the year 1974. is ~ mein, adv. In this year. Iisvii ~ mein, adv. In the Christian era.

Sanan karnaa: to bathe

Sanaatan, adj. existing from of old, immemorial; continuing, eternal

Sañ-caalan [S], m. managing, directing; disposing (as of funds).

Sang, m. & adv. 1. m. coming together, joining, meeting. 2. association, connection; company, society (of a person or group); attachment, intimacy. 3. a group; a sectarian body. 5. adv. Together (with/ke), along (with).~ karna: to associate (with/ka)… p 962

Sań-gathan [cf. H. gathnaa], m. 1. organised state or condition. 2. an organisation.

Sań-gathit [cf. H. gatnaa], adj. organised; integrated.

Saṅ-gh [S], m. group: 1. society, association, body; party; federation, union. 2. sect, persuasion; community (of Buddhist or Jain monks)

Saṅghaar = saṁhaar

Saṅ-gharsh, m. 1. rubbing; friction; grinding. *2. clash, conflict; hostility; struggle

Saṅ-ghaṭ, m. meeting, joining together, union ( = saṅ-ghaṭan ). 2. multitude, mass

Saṅ-ghaṭan [S], m. 1. = Saṅ-ghaṭ¹. 2. structure, composition

Saṅgii [saṅgin-], m. & adj. one who is attached, or devoted (to): 1. m. an associate, friend. 2. an accomplice. 3. a desirous, or a lascivious person. 4. adj. devoted (to), fond (of). 5. [ ? gacchati] accompanying; allied (to), connected (with).Saṅgii-saathii, m. pl. friends, companions

Saṅginii f, 1. female companion. 2. life companion, wife (jiivan saṅginii )

Saanii, adj. & m. second: a match, an equal.

Saṅ-kalp- [ad. saṁkalpate, saṁkalpa-], vt. 19c. to vow (= saṅ-kalp karnaa); to make a grant, or to give alms in fulfilment of a vow; to bequeath.

Saṅ-kar [S], m. & adj. 1. m. mixing; specif. crossing (breeds). 2. a mixed caste or race. 3. a half-breed; one born of parents of different caste; a hybrid. 4. adj. cross-breed; hybrid.

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Saṅ-koc [S], m. contracting, contraction: 1. embarrassment, blahfulness; diffidence; shyness. 2. fear

Saṅ-khyaa, f. 1. reckoning, counting. 2. a number. 3. a figure; amount. 4. gram. Number. 5. number (of an issue)Saaṅ-khyă [S], m. having to do with number or calculation: name of an Indian philosophical system.

San-ni-dh [ad. saṁnidha-], m. proximity, vicinity.

Saannidhyaa, m. 1. vicinity, proximity. 2. presence, attendance. 3. philos. Beatific state in which the soul attends on God.

San-taan [S.], f.; m.f 1. offspring, children; descendants. 2. m. f. a son or daughter

San- tuṣṭ [S], adj. 1. satisfied (with/se); pleased. 2. contented (with); not opposed, in agreement. 3. resigned (to); consoled. ~ karnaa (ko), to satisfy; to get the agreement (of); to console.

Sanyaasii = sam-ny-aasii [S], m. one who has renounced the world, an ascetic.

Sa-phal [S.], adj. 1. fruitful; profitable. 2. successful. 3. fulfilled (in this life)

Sa-phalǎtaa [S.], f. 1. fruitfulness. Successfulness, success.

Saptâh [S], m. seven days: a week

Sapuut, adj. & m. 1. adj. good, dutiful (a son). 2. a mother who has a good son.

Saar [saara-²], m. f. 1. m. essence, substance, best or essential part; heart; core, marrow. 2. sap. 3. gist, sense; content. 4. essential worth or value…p 1008

Sar [P], m. syn. Sir. p 989

Saaraa: whole, entire, whole

Śaraab, f. wine, alcohol. Śaraab-kabaab, m. alcohol and meat. ~ii, m. one who drinks alcohol and eats meat

Saraah, f. reg. praise

Saraahnaa, vt. & f. 1. vt. to praise; to approve, to approve, to admire. 2. f. praise, admiration

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Saral [S], adj. 1. straight, direct. *2. simple, straightforward (of character); honest. 3. unaffected, unfeigned. 4. not difficult, simple; easy

Śaraṇ[S], f. m. 1. protection. 2. shelter, refuge

Saarăthii [S], m. 1. charioteer. 2. leader of a caravan or convoy of vehicles. 3. name of a partic. Hindu community.

Sardii, f. 1. cold; coolness. 2. esp. pl. the cold season, winter. 3. a cold.

Saarhe, adj. pl. (preceding numbers from three to ninety-nine) plus a half. ~ tiin: 3 ½

Śaariir [S], adj. having to do with the body. ~ vijñaan, m. anatomy

Śariirnirvaah: livelihood of the body (see nir-vaah)

Sarjiivan [conn. Saṁjiivana-], adj. 1. imperishable, immortal, immortal; evergreen. 2. life-prolonging, life-giving.

Sarkar [P. sar-kaar], m. 1. m. master, lord (as term of address) sir, your Honour. *2. f. government, ruling authority; court (of a king).Sarkaarii [P], adj. 1. of or pertaining to the government, or to the state; governmental; official. 2. pertaining to any public authority

Sarnaa [sarati], vi. 1. to move ahead, to proceed; to go ahead smoothly (a task, &c.); to be accomplished. 2. to be passed, or lived (time, life); to be finished.

Saṛnaa [śaṭati¹, Pk. Saḍaï], vi. 1. to decay, to rot; to go bad. 2. to be poisoned, septic (as a finger). 3. to ferment.

Saro- [S], lake, pool; tank: (p992)Sarovar, m. large or fine lake, &c.

Sarpini: female serpent

Sarsat ki vaani: vaani of 67

Sarv- [S], adj. 1. all. 2. whole; entire; total. 3. universal, general; omni-, pan-. 4. adv. most of all, extremely p993…sarvottam, adj. best of all

Sarvopari: adv. & adj. above all; placed above all, chief, paramount.

Śaasan, m. instructing; command: 1. governing, ruling. 2. rule (of a government, a king); command (of a leader). 3. control (as over emotions); discipline. 4. a government. 5. a command, edict. 6. deed, grant (as a land of privileges).

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Sa-śakt [S], adj. powerful, endowed with strength.

Śaastrǎ [S.], m. 1. a work or book dealing with religion, or with any branch of knowledge, which is regarded as of age-old or divine authority; treatise; a scripture p949

Satsang, m. association with the virtuous or the good; good people or company; a congregation to gather and worship bhajans.

Sattaa [S], f. 1. existence, being. 2. power, authority (political or administrative). 3. sovereignty. 4. pol. a power, a state p977

Saathi, m. 1. companion; associate; ally; accomplice. 2. attendant, follower.

Satyă [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. true. 2. real, genuine; sincere, faithful (a friend). 3. pure, virtuous, good. 4. fulfilled, realised (as hopes). 5. m. truth. 6. reality; ultimate reality. 7. goodness, virtue; sincerity. 8. a true fact or conclusion. 9. a statement under oath. 10. mythol. Name of the first of the four ages (yuga) consistuting a recurrent cycle of time (mahaayuga); the golden age.

Satyaa-, truth, reality (=satyă): satyaanaash, m. total destruction, ruin (of character, or prosperity, or hopes)

Saugaat, f. a present given on returning from a journey, a special gift.Saugaatii, adj. 1. suitable as a present. 2. given as a present.

Sauṃp [cf. H. sauṃpnaa], f. charge, keeping; custody

Sauṃpnaa [samarpayati], vt. 1. to hand over, to entrust. 2. to deposit (with/ko). 3. to hand over (as to police). 4. to hand over, to give up (sg).

Saukhyǎ, m. state of happiness, or comfort

Savaal, m. 1. asking, questioning. 2. a question. 3. a problem. 4. interrogation. 5. request, entreaty; complaint (to a court)

Saavădhaanii [S], f. 1. attention. 2. care, caution; prudence. ~ se, adv. attentively; carefully, &c.Saavdhaan! Attention!

Savaarii, f. 1. riding; horsemanship. 2. a vehicle, conveyance. 3. cavalcade, train (of animals or vehicles). 4. a passenger. 5. fare (for a journey). ~ denaa (ko), to give (one) a ride, or a horse, &c.

Saveraa [*savela-], m. early morning; morning

Sazaa, f. worthy, deserving: 1. punishment. 2. retribution p 974

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Se, ppn. 1. by means of: by; with. 2. because of: of, from, for. 3. (in expressions of manner formed on nouns) with; by, in; -ly. Aasaanii se, easily. 4. (denoting literal or fig. connection) to, with. 5. (in comparisons). Aap un se baṛe hain, you are bigger than he. 6. in respect of. 7. (denoting separation) from, away from. 8. (referring to passage of past time) since, for p1038

Sehat, f. health

Sevaa [S], f. 1. service (p1039)

Sevay, f. seva-paraayan, adj. devoted to or conscious in (one’s) work

Sharm, f: shame

Siddh [S], adj & m. 1. adj. accomplished, brought about; realised (an objective, a wish); completed; perfected. 2. obtained, acquired. 3. demonstrated, proved (a fact, a case); substantiated. 4. sound, valid (as usage); mature (as judgement). 5. decided, adjudicated (as a law-suit). 6. accepted (as), famous (as). 7. cooked (food); prepared, concocted (as a dye). 8. thoroughly versed (in a field of knowledge; or in magic). 9. endowed with supernatural powers; perfected or sanctified (as by penance). 10. sacred, holy. 11. m. a semi-divine being of great perfection, said to possess eight supernatural faculties or siddhis. 12. an ascetic of great powers and saintliness. 13. a magician who has acquired superhuman powers. ~karnaa, to accomplish &c; to demonstrate, to prove; to win to (one’s) side (esp. by guile); to suborn; to bring under subjection by magic; to settle (a debt)…p 1014

Śikaayat, f. 1. a complaint; request for improvement or redress. 2. a reproach. 3. an ailment, complaint

Śikshaa: education

Sikhaaii, f. instruction; advice.

Sikhaanaa [cf. H. siikhnaa], vt. 1. to teach; to instruct. 2. to advise, prompt, to suggest (to/ko). 3. to teach (one) a lesson, to correct (one)

Silaaii [cf. H. silaanaa], f. 1. sewing; needlework. 2. a seam. 3. price paid for sewing. ~ kii mashiin, f. sewing machine.

Siimit [S], adj. limited, restricted.

Sipaahii, f. 1. soldier; specif. an Indian soldier; hist. sepoy…p1014

Sirf, adv. only, merely (often used in conjunction with and supplementing hii).

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Siirhii (f): ladder

Śiro [S]. the headŚiromaṇi, m. a jewel worn on the head, or in a head-ornament; one who is supreme, a parangon

Śisyǎ [S.], m. 1. a pupil. 2. a disciple ( = shelaa)

Śiital [S], adj. 1. cool; refreshing. 2. cold

Smaraṇ [S], m. 1. remembering, recollecting; memory. 2. calling to mind, or meditating upon, the supreme being. 3. counting (one’s) beads. 4. mentioning, adverting (to). ~ aanaa (ko), to come to mind p 1048

Sm ۪rti, f. 1. recollection, memory; a memory. 2. the body of sacred and profane brahmanical tradition as “remembered” by men (as distinct from the “revealed” knowledge of the Vedas)

Sivaa, ppn., often inverted. Except (for/ke), apart (from)

So [sa], pron. & adv. 1. pron. chiefly obs. Or reg. = vah. Jo ho, ~ ho, what is to be must be. 2. adv. Thus, therefore, hence. 3. conj. Then, next. 4. (introducing a remark) now, well.

Śobhnaa [ad. Śobhaayate: w. H. Śobhaa], vi. 1. to be becoming (to); to grace. 2. to befit, to beseem (one)

Sojhaa: straight, direct. 2. straightforward (in nature). 3. reg. right, true, accurate

Śok [S.], m. 1. sorrow. 2. regret; condolence. 3. mourningSonaa, m: gold

Spaṣṭ [S], adj. 1. clear; distinct. 2. intelligible (as language, wording, thought) p1047Spaṣṭikaraṇ m. clarification, explanation.

Śraaddh [S], m. hind. A ceremony in honour and for the benefit of deceased relatives, observed at fixed periods and on occasions of rejoicing as well as of mourning (libations and offerings of pandas are made to the spirits of the deceased and of food and gifts to braahmaṇ officiants and to relatives)

Śraddhaa [S], f. 1. faith, reverential belief (in a deity); implicit confidence. 2. reverence, veneration

Śreṣṭh [S], adj. 1. best; most excellent, choice. 2. most eminent, high. 3. respected, honoured. 4. senior (in age)

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S ۪rsti, f. 1. creating. 2. creation, production; invention. 3. the creation, the world; nature

Sthaan [S], m. 1. place. 2. particular place: locality, situation; site; house, place. 3. position, post, appointment, place. 4. station, position, rank.

Sthaapan, m. the act of establishing, etc.

Sthaapǎnaa, f. 1. erection. *2. establishment, etc. 3. establishing (of a fact, a case). 4. presentation (of a drama). ~ karnaa, to establish etc.

Sthaapnaa [ad. Sthaapayati: w. H. 2 thaapnaa]. Vt. To place, to set up, to erect; to establish.

Sthaayii [S], adj. 1. continuing, permanent (as a post, or any situation); standing (committee). 2. lasting, enduring (as a culture, &c). 3. constant, regular (in attendance). 4. firm, secure, well-based, stable. 5. rhet. Permanent, inherent (a quality).

Sthir [S], adj. 1. fixed, firm; unmoving; stable; at rest (water). 2. immovable. 3. lasting, enduring (fame etc.). 4. unchanging, constant; steadfast. 5. decided, determined (a matter). 6. calm, equable (temperament). (*Yuddhistir: Yudh me sthir rehnevala: the one who stays stable in war). ~ karnaa: to stabilize

Sthit [S], adj. 1. (also –sthit) situated (in, at/mein, par). 2. placed, fixed. 3. resting, remaining. 4. immovable; fig. insistent (on/par)

Sthiti [S.], f. 1. state, situation(as of affairs); circumstances. 2. state, condition (of a partic. thing or person). 3. position. 4. place of residence.Sva stithi: self stage: svarag

Sthuul [S], adj. 1. bulky, fat. 2. gross, coarse; undifferentiated; outward, apparent. 3. crude, rough (of an estimate). 4. gross (of amount). 5. dense, stupid. 6. philos. Tangible, material (as opposed to suukṣma, subtle)

Stuti [S], f. 1. praise (devout, or lavish); celebration, eulogy. 2. a song or hymn of praise. ~ karnaa, to lavish praises

Subhaav [S.], m. good disposition or nature.

Suucak [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. – suucak. Indicating (e.g. praśnsuucak, enquiring (as a glance). 2. meaningful (as words, a remark). 3. m. an indicator. 4. narrator of traditional tales. 5. an informer, a spy.

Suaar [suupakaara-], m. Av. a cook

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Śubh [S], adj & m. 1. adj. auspicious, lucky; good (as news &c). 2. Brbh. Av. handsome, beautiful. 3. m. –śubh. Auspicious; good fortune, welfare… śubhkaamnaa, f. good wish. P953

Śuddh [S] adj. 1. pure; uncontaminated (a substance, or a tradition, or speech, &c). 2. sinless; virtuous. 3. not ill-intentioned, honest, sincere (conduct). 4. free from errors, correct (as a draft, a proof). 5. nett (profit, return). 6. simple, mere. 7. very, unequalled.

Su-dhaar, m. 1. an improvement; adjustment, repair. 2. a reform

Sudhaarnaa, vt. to set right: 1. to improve; to correct. 2. to reform. 3. Av. to clean, to polish. 4. Av. to adjust, to arrange (clothing)

Sudharnaa [cf. h. sudhaarnaa], vi. To be set right: 1. to be improved; to be corrected; to improve; to come right (situation). 2. to be repaired; to be serviceable. 3. to be reformed. 4. to be or to seem right or good.

Sujhaav [cf. H. sujhaanaa], m. 1. suggestion. 2. pointing out (a matter, for consideration); explanation. ~ karnaa (kaa), to suggest.

Sukh [S.], m. 1. happiness; pleasure; joy. 2. ease, comfort; convenience. 3. prosperity. 4. rest, relief; peace.

Suukhaa [śuṣkaka-], adj. & m. 1. adj. dry; dried up; withered (vegetation). 2. emaciated. 3. dry (manner); terse (remarks). 4. lifeless, dejected (expression); uninteresting. 5. without advantage or profit; without perquisites (a wage). 6. m. dry land. 7. drought. 8. dry leaf (or tobacco or hemp). 9. lung disease: croup; tuberculosis p 1034

Suukṣmă [S], adj & m. 1. adj. minute. 2. slender, thin, fine. 3. subtle (thought, distinction, analysis); searching (investigation). 4. delicate; refined. 5. shrill (voice). 6. subtle, crafty. 7. precise, exact. 8. m. sg. subtle, refined etc.

Sulaṭnaa [H su + H ulaṭnaa], vt. To deal with, to settle (a matter in hand). sulṭaa, adj. direct, straight.

Sunnaa: to hear, to listenSunaanaa: (to make listen) to recite, tell

Su-rakṣaa [S], f. security, safety.

Su-rakṣit [S], adj. well-protected; well-defended

Śuruuat, f. beginning, beginning stage

Sust [P], adj. 1. languid, inert. 2. downcast. 3. sluggish; slow (as a train). 4. depressed (as a market). 5. lazy: negligent; remiss. 6. slow, dull (of wit)

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Sustii [P], f. 1. languor. 2. sluggishness, &c. (see sust). 3. depression (market). 4. laziness etc. 5. dullness. ~ karnaa, to be idle; to be slow, to delay (as with work).

Sva-bhaav [S], m. own state: 1. nature, character (of a person); temperament. 2. nature, property, properties (of a thing). 3. habit, way; custom, practice.

Svacch, adj. 1. fresh, clear (as air); healthy. 2. clean. 3. pure (as the heart); sincere

Svaad [S], m. 1. taste; flavour. 2. enjoyment; appreciation; relish

Sva-dharm, m. 1. own, or personal duty (as an individual, or a caste member, or as man or woman, &c.) 2. own religion

Svapn [S], m. sleep: 1. a dream, dreaming. 2. reverie, fantasy p1049

Svarnim [S], adj. golden; radiant.

Svârth [S], m. & adj. 1. m. one’s own object or aim; own advantage, self-interest. 2. selfishness. 3. adj. self-interested, selfish. 4. having a meaning. 5. having the same meaning; pleonastic p1052

Svaruup, m. 1. appearance 2. shape, form 3. nature 4. characteristic 5. mask

Sva stithi: see Stithi

Svata [S], adv. 1. by oneself, on one’s own (of performance of an action). 2. of one’s own accord or volition. 3. involuntarily; automatically

Sva-tantrǎ [S.], adj. 1. independent, free (from/of “se”: as a nation, or an individual). 2. unrestrained; acting as a free agent. 3. self-willed, refractory. 4. separate, individual.

Svayaṁ, pron. adv. 1. pron. self, oneself. 2. adv. By onself, on one’s own. 3. of one’s own accord.

Svayaṁvar, m. (in ancient tradition) public choice of a bridegroom by the bride from among her assembled suitors.

Sviikaar [S.], m. making one’s own: 1. accepting, acceptance. 2. assent, approval. 3. acknowledgement. 4. admission. P1052

Syaahii, f. 1. blackness; darkness. 2. ink. 3. blacking. 4. stain, stigma

.TTT.

To, conj. 1. (initially in sentence or clause) then, at that time; in that case. 2. but, however. 3. interj. Well, now. 4. (non initially: introduces an idea complementing, or at

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variance in some way with what precedes) in fact, actually, but. 5. indeed, certainly, just. 6. at any rate, at least, just. 7. moreover.To bhi: conj. Even then, even so, yet, still, neverthelessNahin to: conj. OtherwiseMein to: as far as I am concernedTo: after all

Then; at that time; as far as something is concerned; in that case; but; however; well; indeed; certainly; moreover; in fact; actually.The meaning of this word is: in this situation, then. It can be used to emphasise any part of speech.

- taa [S], suffix. 1. forms f. abstract nouns (eg. viirtaa, bravery, heroism). 2. forms inv. M. agent nouns and some terms of relationship, f. as well as m. (eg. kartaa, a doer, maker; pitaa, m. father; maataa, f. mother)

Tab [H. ab: anal.], adv. 1. then, at that time. 2. next, thereafter. 3. therefore, that being so . ~ kaa, adj. of that time. ~ to, adv. Then indeed, then; for that reason. ~ bhii, adv. Even then; even so. Tabhii, adv. At that very time; instantly; for just that reason.

Taabaṛ-toṛ, adv. 1. in quick succession. 2. in confusion, helter-skelter. 3. forthwith.

Tabqaa, m. 1. U. storey, floor. 2. pl.HSS layer. *3. rank, order; class

Taadaad, f. numbering, count: amount, quantity, number(s)

Tagṛaa, adj. 1. sturdy, robust; dependable. 2. forceful, vigorous. 3. valid, strong (an argument)

Tagṛii, f. 1. a thread or cord worn round the waist. 2. a chain, with bells attached, worn round the waist

Tahs-nahs, adj. ruined, quite destroyed

Taiyaar: ready (?)

Taaj, m. 1. crown. 2. diadem, tiara. 3. crest, plume. 4. arch. An ornamental turret. 5. fig. supreme exemplar or exponent; paragon

Takaanaa [cf. H. taaknaa], vt. 1. to cause (one) to look at, or to watch over (as fields); to show ( to, ko). 2. to cause (one) to wait, to keep (one) in hope.

Taakat: f. strength, power. 2. ability, capability. 3. power, energy (electric, &c)

Takht [P takht], m. 1. throne. 2. seat. 3. raised place; stage, platform.Takhtnaśiin, a. sitting on a throne, enthroned

Taaki [P], conj. So that, in order that.

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Ṭakkar, f. 1. striking, knocking (against/se); impact. 2. collision (between/ men or kii). 3. competition, rivalry (between/men); conflict, clash. ~ kaa, adj. equal, comparable. ~ khaate, or maarte, phirnaa, to wander aimlessly, or in a wretched state….(p 400) ~ lenaa (se), to confront, to contend (with)

Takliif [A. takliif], f. taking care: 1. trouble, difficulty; inconvenience. 2. distress (emotional or physical); suffering. 3. hardship

Taakiid [A.taakiid], f. 1. strict instruction; demand, request. 2. compulsion, coercion. ~ karnaa (se, or ko), to enjoin, to instruct; to caution

Ṭakkar [ṭakkaraa-], f. 1. striking, knocking (against/se); impact. 2. a collision (between/men or kii). 3. competition, rivalry (between/men); conflict, clash. ~ ka, adj. equal, comparable…# ~ lenaa (se), to confront, to contend (with)…p 400

Ṭakraanaa [cf H. ṭakkar], vi & vt. 1. vi. = ṭakkar khaanaa: to knock (against), to suffer an impact; to collide (with); to be dashed (against); to stumble; to vie (with). 2. to collide (with/se). 3. to oppose, to confront. 4. vt. to knock together, or against; to dash together, or against; to butt. 5. to bring into conflict. Maathaa ~, to bow the head (to the ground in obeisance); to make great efforts.

Taal, m. f. 1. clapping the hands, applause. 2. beating time (in music); musical time; rhythm. 3. cymbals. 4. slapping the palms on the arms or thighs as a challenge (in wrestling). P450

Taalaa, m. a lock, a padlock

Taalaab [P], m. a pond; tank; reservoir.

Talaaq, f. divorce. ~ denaa (ko), to divorce

Taalii, f. 1. clapping the hands. 2. applause ~ piitna, or bajaanaa, or maarnaa, to clap the hands (to attract attention, or to show delight, or approval, or derision) p450

Talvaar [taravaari-], f. a sword; sword-blade p 443

Taalluq, m. 1. connection; relationship. 2. concern, reference (with or to/se). ~rakhnaa (se), to be connected (with); to concern, to have reference (to).

Taambaa ta^Mbaa [taamra-], m. copper. taambaakaar, m. a coppersmithTaambaii adj. copper-coloured

Taamgnaa Ta^Mganaa [*tamg-], vt. 1. to hang up (on/par), to suspend (from/mein or se). 2. to hang (a person).

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Taam-jhaam, m. colloq. 1. pomp, show. 2. pej. goods and chattels, clobber.

Tamo-. Darkness: - tamogun, m. = tams, 2. tamsii, adj. & m. dominated in temperament by the quality of tamas; an ignorant, morose, inert or malicious person

Taan [cf. H. taannaa], f. 1. stretching, tension. 2. 19 c. knitting (the eyebrows). 3. music. A tone, note; key-note. 4. melody. 5. a stay, guy; spoke (as of a bicycle wheel)

Tan, m. the body.

Tandurust, adj. of sound body: 1. healthy. 2. vigorousTandurustii, f. 1. health. 2. vigour

Taaṁg, f. the leg; the lower leg p402

Taṅg, adj. 1. contracted, cramped; narrow (as a lane). 2. tight (clothing). 3. wanting, scarce; stinted. 4. stinting; miserly (hand, heart). 5. in want (of/se). 6. distressed, troubled; sad; vexed; put to trouble. 7. burdensome; awkward (a time, an activity); demanding, severe. ~ aanaa, to be distressed etc., to be in difficulty; to be tired, fed up (of or with/se). ~ karnaa, to tighten; to distress etc.; to put pressure (on/ko); to opress. P431

Tant [? Conn. Tattva-], m. Av. 1. precise moment, moment of truth, nick of time. 2. substance, essence (of a matter).

Tantră [S], m. warp (of clothes), weaving: 1. essential part, basis; chief doctrine, theory. 2. arrangement, system; structure; regular order of ritual. 3. specif. a work teaching magical and mystical formulae for worship or the attainment of superhuman power. 4. charm, spell; incantation; oath. 5. means (cf. ² tant, 2). 6. a thread, string

Tap [tapas-], m. ascetic fervour or practice; religious austerity; penance; mortification (p 437)

Tapasya [S], f. ascetic fervour or practice, &c ( = tap).Tapas bhumi*: place of tapasya

Taaqat , f. 1. strength, power. 2. ability, capability. 3. power, energy

Taqdiir [A. taqdiir], f. measuring: fate, destiny, lot

Tarah [a. tarh], f. 1. kind, type. 2. manner, mode, way. 3. state, condition p 441

Taaraṇ [S], adj & m. 1. adj. causing or enabling to cross. 2. granting salvation. 3. m. means of crossing; a raft, vessel. 4. means of deliverance; saviour (= Viṣṇu). 5. crossing over. 6. salvation. ~ karnaa, to enable to cross; to save. taaraṇ-taaraṇ m. EH. Deliverance (by crossing the ocean of birth and rebirth)

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Taariif, f. making known: 1. praise. 2. fig. merit. 3. the facts which are to be known (about one): introduction (of a stranger)

Taariik, adj. dark

Taariikh, f. date. 2. law. Date of a court appearance

Tariiqaa, m. path: manner (of acting), practice; method. 2. custom, usage; system (of procedure). 3. manner, style (as of life). Tariiqe se, adv. Methodically

Tarkaś, m. a quiver. Tarkaśband, adj. wearing a quiver

Taarna, vt. 1. to enable to cross, to take (one) across. 2. to save; specif. hind. To save from rebirth.

Tatha, conj. & adv. 1. conj. And. 2. adv. In the same way asTathaakathit: so-calledTathaagat, m. who comes and goes in the same way: title of the BuddhaTathaapi, conj. NeverthelessTathaastu, so be itTathev, adv. In just the same way (as)

Tathyaa [S], m. sg. Which is so: 1. a fact. 2. a truth, a reality.

Tattvǎ, m. 1. real state or nature; essence; the supreme spirit. 2. one of the five traditionally distinguished elementary substances (ether, air, fire, water, earth). 3. cem. An element. 4. a basic principle; an axiom. 5. an element, aspect or factor (in a system). 6. philos. The real nature of the human soul (as identical with the all-pervading supreme spirit).

Tej [ad. tejas-], m. 1. spirit, energy; strength; ardour, fire. 2. lustre, brilliance; splendour, majesty, dignity; awesomeness.

Ṭeṛhaa, adj. 1. crooked; bent; twisted, twisting; zigzag; awry. 2. slanting; diagonal. 3. unfavourable, adverse; ill-tempered, cross; intractable; rude. 4. difficult, complicated; vexatious

Ṭev, m. a habit, a way.

Tez [P. tez], adj. 1. sharp (as a blade); piercing (a glance); keen (sight); loud (voice). 2. hot, burning; acrid; corrosive. 3. sharp, spiced; pungent. 4. bright, striking (colour). 5. strong, effective (medicine). 6. fiery, passionate, ardent; angry. 7. quick, swift; agile; deft. 8. inconstant, immature (as reactions, emotions). 9. quick-witted, alert, keen; intelligent. 10. high (price, rate)

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Tezii [P. tezii], f. 1. sharpness, keenness. 2. heat, warmth. 3. sharp taste, spiciness. 4. brightness (colour). 5. potency (medicine). 6. warmth of feeling, passion, ardour; anger. 7. speed; agility; deftness. 8. quick-wittedness. 9. high price.

Ṭhag, m. 1. a cheat, swindler; villain. 2. a robber. 3. hist. a tug: a member of a secret gang of robbers and murderers. (p 409 for words of same family)

Ṭhagnaa, vt & vi. 1. vt. To cheat, to dupe. 2. to rob. 3. fig. to charm. 4. vi. To be cheated. 5. to be robbed. 6. fig. to be charmed

Ṭhahar, m. Brbh. A place, spot.

Ṭhaharnaa [cf. * stabhira-], vi. 1. to stand still, to be stationary; to stop; to pause; to rest; to remain; to cease (as rain). 2. to be set in place or position; to be fixed. 3. to stand firm, to resist; not to deteriorate, to keep well (as perishable goods, cloth). 4. to stay, to lodge; to take up quarters. 5. to wait, to remain; to be delayed (the rains); to linger (an illness). 6. to settle, to be deposited (a solid in a liquid). 7. to be arranged, settled, determined; to improve (health). 8. to be ascertained, established, proved (a fact, a case). 9. to prove to be, to turn out; to have the position or status of. Man ~ , the heart to be calm; to be self-assured, self-possessed.

Ṭhaakur [ṭakkura-], m. 1. an idol. 2. a deity; the supreme deity. 3. a lord, or chief; landed proprietor; headman; a person of rank or position. 4. an honorific title or form of address p 411

Thaamanaa [cf H thaamnaa], vt. 1. to stand still, to stop; to be still, quiet. 2. to cease. 3. to be restrained, held in check (as the emotions). 4. to be held, kept (in the hand). 5. to be supported, to rest; to recover oneself (as after stumbling).

Thand (f): cold

Thappaṛ, m. a slap, blow. ~ maarnaa, or denaa (par), to slap; to strike, to strike (at).

BjZ cqn~f/k : tM+ cqf) : dull headed ; it is not in the dictionary

Tharraa m. country liquorTharraa m. twisted and thick yarnTharraa m. big half-baked brickTharraa m. a kind of rough shoe

Thartharaanaa, vi. .1 to shake, to tremble (with fear). 2. to tremble, to quiver

Thaur [sthvaavara-], m. a fixed or particular place; locality; place of residence; a place, part (of the body) p 415

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Thik: right, true. 2. fit, proper, appropriate, satisfactory; in good condition; well-fitting. 3. correct; exact. 4. regular, in order; harmonious. 5. certain, established, fixed (an arrangement). 6. adv. Exactly, just; correctly; just so. 7. in a proper manner, fittingly

Ṭhiknaa [cf.*ṭikk-], vi. 1. to stop; to be detained. 2. to remain, to stay; to lodge, to put up. 3. to be fixed, set (in place); to be supported (by/se); to lean (against). 4. to last, to endure; not to change, to spoil or to wear out quickly. 5. to be concentrated, intent (the mind)

Ṭhok [cf H. ṭhoknaa p 414], f. a blow

Ṭhoknaa, vt. 1. to drive in (as a peg); to hammer home; to strike; to tap. 2. to kick, to score (a goal). 3. to strike against (sg); to slap (as the back); to beat (a drum); to clap (the hands); to hammer on (fetters); to pound, to knead. 4. colloq. to beat, to punish. 5. to test, to examine (as goods). 6. to advance, to urge (a claim against someone)

Ṭhukraanaa [cf. H. ṭhoknaa], vt. 1. to kick against, to kick away. 2. to reject, to rebuff; to spurn.

Thora [cf. stoka-], adj. 1. little, small (of amount); a little. 2. few; a few; not many. 3. insufficient, limited; slight; scarce; not enough. 4. adv. Little; rarely; a little, somewhat. ~ ~ karke, adv. A little at a time, by degrees. ~ hii, thore hii, adv. Little indeed; by no means p471

Tiikhaa, adj. 1. sharp etc. 2. smart, sprightly; racy (p 455)

Tiikṣṇ [S], adj. 1. sharp, cutting; high (tone); shrill. 2. hot, burning; corrosive. 3. spiced, pungent. 4. fine, thin (cloth). 5. bright (light). 6. passionate, ardent; angry. 7. quick of mind; subtle. 8. harsh

Tiikṣṇăta [S], f. 1. sharpness, cutting quality; shrillness. 2. heat. 3. pungency. 4. fineness, thinness. 5. passion, ardour. 6. quickness or sharpness of mind; shrewdness.

Ṭiḍḍaa, m. a grasshopper.

Ṭiḍḍii, f. a grasshoper, or locust. ṭiḍḍii-dal, m. swarm of locust

Ṭikaanaa [cf H ṭiknaa], vt. 1. to cause to stop; to detain; to check. 2. to cause to remain; to lodge, to place; to put (one up). 3. to fix, to set (in place); to lean (against/se or ke saath). 4. to support, to prop up. 5. colloq. to hand or to slip (to).thikaanaa lagaanaa - to bring to a happy end/conclusion.

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Tiikṇ [S], adj. 1. sharp, cutting; high (tone); shrill. 2. hot, burning; corrosive. 3. spiced, pungent. 4. fine, thin (cloth). 5. bright (light). 6. passionate, ardent; angry. 7. quick of mind; subtle. 8. harsh

Tiikṣṇătaa [S], f. 1. sharpness, cutting quality; shrillness. 2. heat. 3. pungency. 4 fineness, thinness. 5. passion, ardour. 6. quickness or sharpness of mind; shrewdness

Tiras-kaar [S], m. placing beyond or beside: 1.censure; scolding; reproach. 2. disrespect; disdain

Tiirth [S], m. 1. a place of pilgrimage (esp. partic. Places along the course of sacred rivers, as the Ganges); a bathing place. 2. pilgrimage. 3. fig. a revered personage.

Tiivrǎ [S.], adj. 1. strong, intense; sharp, keen; pungent, harsh; swift; sharp (musical note). 2. ardent, impetuous. 3. excessive.

To, conj. 1. (initially in sentence or clause) then, at that time; in that case. 2. but, however. 3. interj. Well, now. 4. (non initially: introduces an idea complementing, or at variance in some way with what precedes) in fact, actually, but. 5. indeed, certainly, just. 6. at any rate, at least, just. 7. moreover.To bhi: conj. Even then, even so, yet, still, neverthelessNahin to: conj. OtherwiseMein to: as far as I am concerned

Then; at that time; as far as something is concerned; in that case; but; however; well; indeed; certainly; moreover; in fact; actually.The meaning of this word is: in this situation, then. It can be used to emphasise any part of speech.

Ṭokrii, f. a basket.

Toṛnaa, vt. 1. to break; to snap, to split; to burst; to tear; to sprain. 2. to break into, to break open (a house, a lock); to break up (ground), to plough. 3. to destroy, to demolish; to lay waste; to kill (a bird or small animal); to take, to capture (as a fort). 4. to break, to reduce; to give change for (money); to factorise. 5. to reduce, to beat down (a price). 6. to ruin, to disgrace; to bankrupt (a person); to brake down (a witness); to humble (pride). 7. to exhaust; to exercise, to strain (the body); to run off, to drain away (water); to weaken. 8. to break off, to tear off (from/se); to gather, to pluck; to pluck or to take out. 9. to commit (an outrage, offence: against/par). 10. to break, to interrupt, to put an end to; to check, to discontinue, to sever (a process or activity, an enterprise, a group, a state, a relationship)

Truṭi f. 1. error, blunder 2. omission 3. flaw, defect 4.shortcoming, deficiency 5. breaking of a vow

Tucch, adj.1. empty. *2. worthless, insignificant. 3. base, contemptible

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Tuufaan, m. 1. a storm of wind and rain. 2. a disastrous flood. 3. fig. a calamity. 4. fig. storm (of argument); flood (abuse).

Ṭukṛaa, m. 1. a piece, bit; scap; fragment. 2. a part, section. 3. a piece of bread: subsistence. ~ ~, or ṭukṛe ṭukṛe karnaa, to break, to tear, to pull or to cut to pieces p 405

Tulnaa, vi & vt 1. vi, to be weighed. 2. to be balanced against, compared, appraised; to be comparable (with/ke saath). 3. to be balanced, in equilibrium. 4. to be suspended. 5. to be drawn up (as confronting armies). 6. to be resolved (upon/par), to be bent (on). 7. vt. to weight, to value, to appraise &c.

Tulănaa [S], f. 1. weighing against, comparison. 2. equivalence, comparability. ~ mein, adv. in comparison (with/kii)

Tulăniiyă [S], adj. comparable

Tulyă [S], adj. equal; similar (to); comparable (in weight or significance). P458

Turant [turant-], adv.1. quickly; in haste. 2. at once. 3. recently. ~ ka: adj. recent, new.

Turiiyǎ [S.], adj. fourth 2. having four parts. 3. chief, main

Tuut [cf. H.tuutnaa], f. 1. breaking, fracture. 2. a fragment. 3. breach, rupture (as between friends). 4. loss. 5. Av. error, defect (as in a text). tuut-phuut, f. (pl.) pieces, fragments; tatters; (sg) scrap metal; a break, something amiss (as in a machine).

Tuutnaa [trutyati], vi. 1. to be broken, to break; to break off; to be cracked; to snap; to burst; to be damaged; to be demolished; to be ruined. 2. to become separated (from/se: an animal from a flock, a member from a community) in the scene . 3. to be broken off ( a relationship). 4. to come to an end; to fail, to collapse (a firm, institution); to subside (a fever, a price)…11. to become weak, infirm…p 405

Tyaag [S.], m. 1. leaving, relinquishing. 2. abandoning. 3. renouncing; resignation; abdication. 4. separation; divorce

Tyoṁ [conn. Ap. Tima], adv. 1. in the same way, thus, so. 2. at the same time. Tyoṁhii, adv. Just so, just then.

.UUU.

Ud-aar [S], adj. 1. noble, illustrious. 2. generous, liberal. 3. munificent. 4. pol. liberal; moderate. udaarcarit, adj. noble, generous or liberal (in disposition or action). Udaarcit, adj. high-minded; generous, liberal

Ud-dhaar, m. raising, removing: deliverance; salvation. 2. release, discharge (from debt). 3. amelioration

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Ud-yog [S], m. 1. effort, exertion. 2. attempt, endeavour. 3. industry

Ujaalaa, m. & adj. 1. m. light; daylight; daybreak, day; light of moon or stars. 2. brightness, splendour; glory. 3. adj. light, moonlit, clear (night). 4. bright, radiant.

Ujaaṛ, adj. & m. 1. adj. laid waste, devasted; ruined. 2. deserted, desolate. 3. m. devastation. 4. a ruined place, ruin. 5. a deserted place, wilderness.

Ujiyaaraa, m & adj. Brbh. Av. = ujaalaa

Ul-laṅghan [S], m. 1. leaping over or across. 2. overstepping, transgression; violation (of a right, or a frontier). ~ karnaa (kaa), to leap over; to transgress.

Umaṁg, f. 1. height of feeling: elation, rapture; exultation. 2. strong desire, ambition.

Umra, f: age

Un-nati [S], adj. 1. ascent. *2. advance, development ; prosperity. 3. improvement, progress

Unglii: f. finger

Upaadhi, f. sg. Put in the place (of sg else): 1. philos. Distinguishing property, attribute. *2. title, rank; decoration; degree, diploma. 3. nickname

Uupar, p137. apne ~ lanaa, to take on oneself (as a task)

Upas, reg. bad smell etc. (cf. ubasnaa)

Upa-sthit [S], adj. 1. present; arrived; ready (as to assist in a task). 2. at hand, near; impending. 3. actual, existing. 4. presented, made, proposed (a deposition, a motion). ~ karnaa, to present, to show etc. ~ honaa, to be present etc; to arise; to occur.

Upă-yog [S], m. 1. application; use, service; usefulness. 2. availability, validity. ~ karnaa (kaa), to use, to employ.

Upramaṇ, m. 1. abstinence (from worldly desires). 2. ceasing

Uṛaanaa [uḍḍaapayati], vt. 1. to cause to fly; to fly (a kite; an aircraft); to let fly (a bird); to let free. 2. to drive hard, or fast (as a horse, or car). 3. to make off with; to rob (of). 4. to squander; to consume or to spend lavishly (food, resources). 5. to indulge (the senses). 6. to disregard (advice). 7. to conceal (from/se: as a secret). 8. to wield effectively (an implement). 9. to scatter (husk, papers); to frighten away (birds, enemies). 10. to blow up; to destroy; to explode (a bomb). 11. to efface, to obliterate, to remove (as a mark). 12. to knock off (an upper portion); to cut off (the head). 13. to spread, to circulate (a rumor).

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14. to unfurl (a sail, or flag). 15. to get rid of, to dismiss. 16. to take off, to mimic; to copy. 17. to play upon, to deceive. 18. to send flying: to throw (in wrestling) (p118)

Urf, adj. common parlance: known as; alias

Uṛnaa, vi & adj. 1. vi. To fly: to fly up, to soar; to take flight. 2. to move or to go rapidly; to dart; to fly, to rush (at). 3. to disappear, to vanish: to be lost (as a page from a book); to be exhausted (a supply); to fade (colour); to turn pale (the face, from emotion); to evaporate or to dry in the sun (dew); to be lost (the senses: esp w. jaanaa). 4. to be carried off, stolen. 5. to be squandered; to be consumed or spent lavishly (food, resources). 6. to be indulged (the senses). 7. to be wielded (as fists, a cane, a shoe). 8. to be scattered (as papers); to take flight. 9. to blow up, to explode. 10. to be effaced, obliterated. 11. to be worn out. 12. to be knocked off; to be cut off (the head); to be torn off, or away. 13. to waft, to spread (a fragrance); to become current (news, rumour). 14. to unfurl, to fill (sails); to flap, to flutter (sails, garments). 15. w. calnaa, to be vain, or conceited. 16. to be tricked, deceived (by/se). 17. adj. flying, darting: spreading, raging [uṛaanaa p 118 above]

Utaar [uttaara-], m. 1. descent, decline; slope. 2. landing-place ; ford, ferry ; ferriage, toll. 3. decrease, reduction; fall (prices, flood-water)…p120

Utarnaa: to get down, to fall

Utaarnaa, vt. 1. to cause to descend or to alight; to set down (as passengers, luggage, burden); to disembark; to help to dismount; hind. To send down (an avataar, into the world) 2. to take across; to ferry across. 3. to take down or off; to cut, to tear, to strip or to break off; to remove, to shed (clothes); to throw off (restraint, or shame). 4. to draw, to run off (a liquid); to channel (water); to extract (an essence, a colour); to distil. 5. to lower, to decrease; to depress (as prices); to assuage (a fever, or intoxication, or a fit of anger); to treat successfully (snake-bite); to vent (ire, spleen: on/par)…(p120)

Ut-tejit [S], adj. excited, stimulated

Utejit karnaa: to excite

Uthnaa: vi. 1. to rise, to rise up; to stand up; to get up; to recover. 2. to ascent…p117

Uthaan: f.1. rise, ascent; act of appearance. 2. beginning, commencement. 3. height, elevation; attitude. 6. summit, height.

Uṭhaanaa, vt. 1. to lift, to raise; to pick up; to pack up (one’s things); to finish (a term of work); to start, to set off. 2. to rear, to foster; to hatch; to breed; to bring up; to train; to educate. 3. to bring into being; to devise; to construct, to build; to build up, to develop. 4. to arouse, to awaken; to cause to get up; to arouse (a feeling). 5. to bear (a burden, a responsibility); to be responsible for (an enterprise); to undertake (a task). 6. to undergo, to experience (suffering); to incur (as risk, debt). 7. to derive, to obtain, to enjoy (advantage, happiness). 8. to take in (harvest). 9. to cause to disappear: to consume; to

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waste, to squander; to dispose of (as a body). 10. to efface, to erase. 11. to abolish; to discontinue (an action, a case); to close (premises). 12. to take away, to remove (from/se); to withdraw (from); to remove from (the world); to carry off, to steal. 13. to raise (a matter, an objection); to start (a quarrel); 14. to neglect, to leave undone (esp. neg.). 15. to display, to exhibit; to bring out clearly. 16. to work or to ferment in (as leaven). 17. to throw up, to cause to fly (a kite, a bird). 18. to set aside or to designate (for a purpose); to give, to bestow, to lease, to rent (to/ko). 19. to take up in the hand (anything held sacred): to swear by (as by sacred water)

Ut-saah [S], m. strenght, effort: 1. enthusiasm; zeal. 2. morale

Ut-sav [S], m. 1. rejoicing, festivity. *2 festival. 3. ceremony. ~ manaanaa, to celebrate a festival.

Uttam [S.], adj. 1. highest; supreme; best. 2. choice, excellent. 3. last

Uttar 1/ m. north 2/ m. reply

Uttarottar: gradually, continuously, more and more

.VVV.

Vaa [S], conj. orVaa, sg. obl. Base. Brbh. That, &c. (see vah)Vaa [P], prefix and adv. U. back (see vaapas); again; open-vaa, suffix (form diminutives: chiefly reg. (E)) = -iyaa, 1., 2.

Vaadaa, m. 1. a promise. 2. an agreement; contract. 3. stated period (for discharge of a debt or payment of a sum of money) p913

-vaadii [S], adj. & m. formant. Supporting a partic. viewpoint or cause (see vaad, 3: a point of view, theory (specif. as propounded). eg. samaajvaad, m. socialism.

Vaahak [S], adj & m. 1. adj. & m. esp. –vaahak. Transporting, carrying; carrier, &c. 2. m. a carrier, haulier. 3. porter

Vahan [S], m. 1. carrying, conveying, bearing. 2. transport. 3. a vehicle. 4. flowing (as a stream). 5. phys. Convection. ~ karnaa, to transport, &c; to meet (expenditure)

Vahiim [H.vaham = hii], adv. 1. in that very place, right there. 2. at that very moment, then and there.

Vaibhav [S], m. 1. superhuman power or might. 2. grandeur, majesty. 3. power. 4. wealth

Vairaagyă [S], m. freedom from worldly desires, ascetism.

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Vaisaa, pron. adj. & adv. 1. adj. of that sort. ~ hii, adj. of just that sort. 2. adv. vaise. In that manner; in fact; casually, for no special reason (= vaise hii). Vaise to, adv. on the whole, altogether; in fact ( = vaise); in other respect, otherwise. ~ hii, adv. just like this: merely, simply; casually examples p 936

vaitarăṇii [S], f. mythol. name of the river dividing earth from the lower regions ruled over by Yama.

Vajah, f. face, aspect: cause; reason. Is ~ se, adv. because of this, for this reason. Kis ~? Adv. why?

Vakiil, m. one entrusted: 1. a lawyer; barrister; solicitor. 2. agent representative

Vakr [S], adj & m. 1. adj. crooked; winding, meandering. 2. curved, bent; crescent (moon). 3. devious. 4. oblique (as a glance); malevolent. 5. m. winding course (of a river); bend. 6. math. a curve

Vaakyă [S], m. 1. an utterance. *2. a sentence; a clause

-vaalaa, suffix. 1. w. nouns and adverbs (these compounds stand in a general adjectival relationship to a following noun, expressed or understood). 2. w. verbs (these compounds have agentive force) p915 examples

Vañcit [S], adj. 1. deceived, tricked (by man, or fate). 2. deprived (of/se)

Vaaṇii [S], f. 1. speech, language; the faculty of speech. 2. word. 3. voice. 4. a title of the goddess Sarasvatii

Vanmansya: hostility

Vaanǎprasth, m. a braahman in the third or four traditional stages of life (who has left his house and family to live in the forest); a hermit

Vansh: dynasty, family line, lineageVamśaavalii: f. genealogical table/tree, genealogy, pedigree, the line of a family

Vaapas jaannaa: to go back

Vaaqaii, adj. & adv. 1. adj. real, actual, true. 2. adv. really, truly.

Varaṇ [S], m. 1. choosing, choice; selection. 2. choice of a bride, or of a bridegroom; arrangement of marriage. ~ karnaa (kaa), to choose

Vardaan: blessing (only found in the English/Hindi dictionary)

Vardhan, m. 1. increase, growth. 2. prosperity, success. 3. rearing (children, young)

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Varg [S.], m. 1. m. clas, group (of similar things or persons). 2. social group, class. 3. section, chapter (of a book) p909.

Vaarttaa [S.], f. 1. conversation. 2. discussion; negotiation. 3. report, information; rumour

Vartǎmǎn [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. existing, present (time, situation); of the present day. 2. current (month, year). 3. present, confronting (one): a situation. 4. m. the present (time)

Vars (m): year

Vaas, m. 1. residing, residence. 2. place of residence. ~ karnaa, to resideVaas, m. fragranceVaas, m. clothes, dress.

Vasan [S], m. clothingVaasan [S], m. 1. clothing 2. a garment

Vasan [S], m. dwelling-place

Vaśiibhuut, adj. see s.v. “vaś”. Become subject: helpless, enchantedVaś, m. 1. power (= 2. vas). 2. state of subjection. 3. in comp. because of, out of. P910.

Vaśiikaraṇ [S.], m. overpowering, subjugating; enchanting

Vaastaa, m. sg. Intermediate or between: 1. connection, business, concern, dealing(s). 2. motive, reason, occasion. P916

Vaastav [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. real, essential; actual; genuine. 2. m. realityVaastav mein: adv. In reality, actually.

Vaastăvik [S], adj. real, &c. ~ banaanaa, to realise (an objective, a dream)

Vastră, [S], m. 1. cloth; material. *2. clothes

Vastu [S], f. 1. anything real or existent; essence, substance. 2. a thing, object, article; pl. goods; possessions. 3. a commodity. P 911

Vasudhaa f. see s.v. vasuVasu [S], m. name of a partic. class of Vedic gods; wealth: vasudhaa, f. wealth-holder: the earth. Vasumatii, f. having riches: the earth.

Vaat [S], m. 1. wind; air. 2. wind as a bodily humour. 3. rheumatism; gout. Vaat-jaat, adj. Brbh. Wind-born: a title of Hanumaan. P 913Vaataavaraṇ, m. air-covering: atmosphere (also fig.)

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Vats [S], m. 1. a calf. 2. (as an endearment) dear child.

Vaaydaa m. 1. promise 2. agreement. 3. commitment. 4. bargain.

Vaayu [S], f. m. 1. air. 2. wind. 3. one of the traditional airs or humours of the body. ~-maṅḍal, m. the atmosphere

Veṣ [S], m. 1. dress (= veś ). 2. outward form ; disguise. P 935

Veśyaa [S], f. a prostitute

Vi-bhiṣaṇ [S], m. mythol. Terrifying: name of a brother of Ravan.

Vi-bhiṣikaa [S], f. a frightening display; a threat.

Vi-calit [S], adj. 1. moved, shifted. 2. inconstant. 3. deviated (from/se); strayed

Vi-caar [S.], m. 1. thought, reflection. 2. a thought, idea. 3. opinion (concerning/ke baare men). 4. usu. pl. cast or trend of thoughts, viewpoint. 5. consideration (of a matter) ~ karnaa, to think, to reflect; to give consideration (to/par. kaa)…p919

Vi-citr [S.], adj. 1. variegated. *2. strange, unusual; peculiar. 3. wonderful, surprising

Vidaaii [cf. H. vidaa], f. farewelling, farewell

Vi-dhaataa, m. inv. 1. ordainer, arranger. 2. Brahmaa (as Creator and Ordainer).

vi-dhi [S], f. (m, pl.). 1. rule, form, ordinance. 2. law, statute. 3. a rite, ceremony. 4. method, manner. 5. a title of Brahma; fate, destiny. 6. fig. what is ordained (for one, in life); horoscope

Vidvaan [S], adj. & m. 1. adj. learned. 2. m. a scholar

Vidya [S], f. 1. knowledge, learning; study. 2. a field of knowledge; science. 3. a particular skill or art; a spell. 4. a title of the goddess Durgaa. Vidyadhar, hind. possessed of learning, or of spells: a kind of supernatural being attendant on Shiva and other deities, demigod. Vidya-daataa, m. inv. Teacher, preceptor p 921

Vi-ghaṭan [S], m. 1. breaking up; destruction, ruin. 2. disintegration (of a structure); decomposition (of a substance). 3. dissolution (of any group or entity). vi-ghaṭanshiil, adj. radioactive, vi-ghaṭanshiiltaa, f.

Vi-ghaṭit [S], adj. broken up etc. (p 918)

Vi-grah [S], m. 1. separation. 2. quarrel, strife. 3. gram. resolution of a compound word into its parts. *4. a stretching out: control (of persons, or forces). 5. a division, part. 6.

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individual form or shape (as of a god): an idol. ~ honaa, control or discipline to be exercised (over/kaa); &c.

Vi-jñaan [S], m. 1. philos. acquired knowledge of the world (as distinct from knowledge of brahman acquired by meditation and study). *2. science

Vi-jñaanii [S], m. a scientist

Vi-kalp [S], m. 1. alternative, option. 2. uncertainty, ambiguity; doubt. 3. error

Vi-kaar [S], m. 1. change. *2. specif. change for the worse, deterioration (esp. of health). 3. damage, harm (as to health). 4. disorder, sickness; an abnormality. 5. Av. Agitation of mind. 6. an altered form; gram. a declined or conjugated form.

Vi-kăraal [S], adj. adj. hideous. 2. most fearsome, dreadful.

Vi-kriti [S], f. 1. change. 2. impairment (as of health); defect. 3. mutilation, maiming. 4. deformed. 5. disordered (health, or mind). 5. agitation of mind. 6. distortion; caricature

Vi-khyaat [S], adj. 1. famous, celebrated; well known as, named (as). 2. notorious.

Vi-lakṣaṇ [S], adj. 1. having different, or distinguishing characteristics: strange, extraordinary. 2. astonishing

Vi-naaś, m. 1. utter destruction; annhihilation; laying waste. 2. dire state. 3. death

Viral [S], adj. 1. having gaps; of open weave (cloth); open, not dense (as a wood). *2. rarely met with (as an unusual or odd person).

Viiryă [S], m. 1. courage; strength, vigour; virility. 2. seminal fluid. 3. seed (of plants) p933

Vi-rodh [S], m. 1. opposition; resistance. 2. conflict (as of opinions); inconsistency. 3. hostility, enmity. ~ karnaa (kaa), to oppose, to resist. Virodhaabhaas, m. appearance of contradiction; contradiction, paradox; contrast.

Virud [S]. m. fame, glory

Vi-ruddh [S], adj. & ppn. 1. adj. opposed, opposing; hostile. 2. unfavourable, unpropitious. 3. contrary, inconsistent (to or with/se: as actiona, views). 4. ppn. w. ke. Against, opposed, hostile (to)

Vi-say [S.] m 1. subject, matter, topic particular subject (as to study). 2. object of concern; affair, matter. 3. worldly or sensual enjoyment; sensuality. 5. philo. Any of the five object of sense…p931.

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Vishaal [S.], adj. 1. broad, extensive. *2. vast, huge. 3. grand, great.Vi-śeṣ [S.], adj. & m. 1. adj. particular, special, distinctive; unususal, exceptional. 2. choice, excellent. 3. esp. adv. Extreme(ly). 4. m. characteristic difference or feature, special quality. 5. -vi-śeṣ particular kind or type p930

Vi-staar, m. 1. spreading, spread; expansion. 2. extent. 3. expansion, development (of an organisation, an activity). 4. amplitude; detail.

Vi-śvaas, m. 1. trust, confidence, reliance. 2. faith; belief

Vitaṇḍa/ Vitaṇḍavaad m. 1. sophistry 2. frivolous or perverse argumentation, ungainly or fallacious controversy.

Vi-vaah [S], m. marriage. ~ karnaa, to arrange the marriage (of, kaa; to, se); to marry.

Vi-vaś [S], adj. 1. powerless, helpless. 2. involuntary. 3. not to be averted or deferred (a time). ~ hokar, adv. having no power, or choice (in a matter)

Vi-văśtaa [S], f. powerlessness, helplessness.

Vṛddh, adj. & m. increased: 1. adj. advanced in years, old. 2. grown up, full grown. 3. m. an old man.

Vṛddhi, f. 1. growth, increase; development. 2. prosperity, success. 3. fin. Interest. 4. gram. A Sanskrit derivational process of lengthening or change of vowels whereby related words based on a single root are formed.

Vṛtti, f. a turning: 1. state, condition. 2. behaviour, conduct; mode or habit of life. 3. natural tendency; instinct. 4. business, employment; profession. 5. means of subsistence; allowance; pension. 6. commentary (on a text). 7. partic. Usage (of a term or expression)Gyan meaning: attitude, vibration

Vṛtti² f. 1. disposition, mentality 2. instinct.

-vṛtti, adj. & m. formant. Having a partic. Mode of life or conduct p933.

Vy-abhi-caar [S], m. deviation, transgression: vice, specif. adultery.

Vy-abhi-caarii [S], adj & m. going apart or away: 1. adj. dissolute; vicious. *2. adulterous. 3. rhet. Short-lived (feeling or state). 4. an adulterer, &c.

Vy-aa-khyaa [S], f. 1. explanation, exposition. 2. commenting, commentary; interpretation p938

Vy-akti, m. f. a person; a particular person

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Vyakti-nisth, adj. subjective …p937

Vyakti-gat, adj. personal; private (as property); individual (as opposed to collective).

Vy-aktitvă [S], m. 1. personality. 2. individuality

Vy-aa-paar [S], m. 1. occupation, business; trade; profession. 2. activity, act, action. 3. undertaking, enterprise; transaction. 4. trade, commerce, business. ~karnaa, to to trade, et.

Vy-arth [S.], adj. useless, vain (an attempt etc.); pointeless, senseless.

Vy-aas [S], m. 2. arranger: mythol. Name of a divine sage regarded as the compiler of the Vedas; title of any great compiler…; reciter or singer (of a long traditional tale)

Vy-avă-haar [S.], m. 1. action, act. 2. customary practice, or usage. *3. conduct, behaviour; manner, bearing (towards a person); treatment (of). 4. relationship, dealings (as in business, trade). 5. use. 6. a case, action (in law).

Vy-aa-khyaa [S], f. 1. explanation, exposition. 2. commenting, commentary; interpretation

.YYY.

Yaadgaar: memorial

Yajñakuṇḍ m. a fire pit or receptacle for performance of a yajña sacrificial hearth (hearth is a fireplace, comfy connotation)

Yaatraa [S], f. 1. going, proceeding. *2. journey; expedition; pilgrimage. 3. travel. 4. a group of pilgrims. 5. a procession of idols. 6. (in Bengal) a popular dramatic entertainment featuring dance and song.

Yam [S.], m. esp. –yam. Restraint; self control.

Yathaarth = yathaa : exact + arth : signification

Yogyă [S], adj. 1. suitable, suited (for/ke). 2. capable (of/ke); able; gifted. 3. worthy (of/ke, &c). dekhne ~ worth seeing

Yoṁ, adv. 1. thus. 2. well, in fact, actually. ~ to, adv = ~, 2.; in the first place; in this case; generally speaking. ~ bhii, adv. as normal, usually. ~ hii, adv. just in this way; casually, simply; cursorily; by chance. ~ hii sahii, be it so, as you please.

Yoni [S], f. 1. the womb. 2. the female genital organs. 3. birth; rebirth, reincarnation. 4. source, origin

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Yugal [S], m. 1. a pair, couple. 2. a twin

Yukti [S], f. 1. joining; connection; union; combination. 2. application, use; practice, usage. 3. appliance, means, device. 4. expedient; trick; stratagem. 5. fitness, suitability. 6. dexterity, ingenuity; skill. 7. policy. 8. reasoning, argument; inference.

.ZZZ.

Zabar, adj. upper, superior; great, larger. Zabardast, adj. having the upper hand: strong; high-handed, overbearing; oppressive (as rule); overwhelming (as superiority); strict (an order); colloq. tough (a question); colloq. vast, massive. Zabardastii, f. & adv. force, compulsion; high-handedness, oppression; forcibly; unjustly; arbitrarily. ~ karnaa, to use force (with or toward/par), to compel; to oppress.

Zaahir, adj. 1. evident, apparent. 2. conspicuous. 3. outward, obtensible. ~ karnaa, to make (sg) clear; to reveal, to disclose (to,se); to publish; to expose; to make a show off, to affect. ~ men, adv. openly; in public; ostensibly. ~ hai ki…, it is clear that…

Zamiin, f. 1. earth, ground; soil. 2. land, tract; terrain. 3. background (as to a picture). 4. foundation, groundwork. 5. the earth, world.

Zañjiir [P. zanjiir], f. 1. a chain. 2. a fetter, fetters.

Zaraa [A. zarra], adj. inv. 1. adj. esp. ~ saa, a little (of). 2. unimportant, insignificant; trivial. 3. adv. a little. 4. just: would you mind, please. ~ bhii nahin, adv. not in the slightest

Zarraa [A. zarra], m. particle; atom

Zaruur, adv. 1. certainly, of course. 2. without fail; at all cost.Unko jaanaa ~ hai: he must certainly go

Zaruurat, f. 1. need, necessity, want; lack

Zaruuriyaat, f. pl. necessities

Zikr [A. zikr], m. 1. mention; report, account. 2. remembrance, thinking of God (in Sufism). ~ karnaa (kaa), to mention, to speak (of)

Zindaa, adj. inv. 1. living, alive. 2. full of life; active p 371

Zindagii, f. life; lifetime.

Zor (pronounced jor by Baba) (m): force, strength

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Zor se (“jor se”): with force, loudly

Zyaadaa, adj. inv. 1. more; very many, a lot, much (of). 2. too many. 3. adv. Much; very much, very often, a lot. 4. too much. ~ karnaa, vt. To increase. ~ honaa, to abound; to be in excess. Itnaa ~, adj. & adv. As much as this. Kahin ~, adv. How much more! Very much more. ~ se ~, adj. & adv. More than many, or much: most of; overmuch; at most.Zyaadaatar, adj. adv. Most (of); most commonly, very often; for the most part.

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