w^.

CO.ias. Gotha, 1868; cf. R. A. Lipsius, in ZwTh, XII, i86g, 249-311, and also for the contrary view, Zahn, in JdTh, XV, 1870, 192-206. G. Heyne, Qtio Tempore Herntac Pastor script us sit. Regiom. 1872. H. M. T. Behm, Ueber den Verfasser der Sc/iri/t, welche den Tit el '^ llirf'' f'ultrt. Rostok, 1876. Passau, 1879. G. SalJ. Nirschl, Der Hirt des Hennas. mon, in DCB, II, 912-921. M (du) C(olombier), Le pasteiir d'' Hernias. F. X. Funk, in KLex, V, 1839-44. A. Link, Paris, 1880. Die Eiiiheit des Pastor Hermae. Marburg, 1888. P. Baumgiirtner,^

Pratke, 114.

^

Cf. pp. 39-41, in tlic edition of

Bonnet.

SHEPHERD OF HERMASDieEiiiheit

39Fabricius,

des

Hervias-Bnches.

Frieb. i/B. 1889.

BG, VII,I.

18-21.

Richardson, BS, 30-33.

Harnack, LG, 49-58.title not/x?;y

An

extensivein

work under theII,

preserved

the following forms:

(i)

has been Greek: {a) twoin

fragments

{Siniilittides,

7-10 and IV, 2-5)

a

Fayum papyrus now in Berlin,^ written, perhaps, 400 A.D. (yb) The section from the Visions, I, i..

circai,

to

the Mandates, IV, 3. 6 (. e7co aoi Xeytw) in the Codex Sinaiticns (s), perhaps of the fourth century, appended to the New Testament after the Apocalypse of John.

and the Epistle

of Barnabas.

(/-)

The

entire book, with

the exception of the closing portion (from Similitudes is continued in the Codex IX, 30. 3 [et 8e .] onward)..

vel AtJious-Lipsiensis, saec. this manuscript (Mandates, XII,4.

XIV

XV.4.

Three leaves

of

^-Similitudes, VIII,

and Similitudes, IX, 15. 1-30. 3) were sold by in Leipzig, and six leaves {Visiojis, I, i. iMandates, XII, 4. 6; and Similitudes, VIII, 4. 3-IX,3;

Simonidcs

the monastery of Athos. Two copies of these six leaves, made by Simonides, are found in Leipzig, one of which is unreliable and the14.

5) are

still

preserved

in

The final portion, which was published Simonides and Draeseke,^ must also be regarded as by a forgery, at least until it is proved that Simonides really found the final leaf of the codex when he visited Athos.other forged.{d)

In numerous quotations, particularly by Clement of Alexandria, Pseudo-Athanasius {Praecepta ad Autio-

chum), and in the Pandectes of Antiochus of Saba. in two translations which are not entirely (2) Latin:

independent of one another, and which belong as far back as the time of the ancient church, {a) The socalled1

Vulgata, perhaps of the second century, whichBerol. P. 5513.2

Mus.

cf. Hilgenfeld's edition of 1887.

40is

PRIMITIVE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE

L. Dupreserved in a large number of manuscripts. chesne has described a new manuscript of the Versio{b) ]/ulgata in the Bulletin crit. (1894, 14-16). called Palatiiia} which, according to Harnack,

The

so-

made:

before the end of

was not the fourth century, but which

Haussleiter considers older than the Vulgate. (3) Ethi" in an ancient translation opic possibly prepared asearly as the time of the oldest Ethiopic version of the " Bible (Harnack).U. Wilcken, Tafeln zur dlteren griecliischen Palaographie. Lpz. and Berl. 1891. No. 3. H. Diels and A. Harnack, Ueber eineti Berliner

Papyrus des Pastor Herinae, in SBBA, 1894, 427-431. A. Ehrhard, Hermasfragmente auf Papyrus, in the Centralblatt fiir Bibliothekswesen, 1892, 223-226 (Th(2u, LXXIV, 1892, 294-303). A. Lykurgos, EnthulUingen iiber den Sitnonides-DinC. Tischendorf, De Hernia graeco K. Simonides, 'Op^oSo^wv 'EAAt^vwi/ Lond. 1859, 203-210. J. Draeseke, BeoXoyiKoi ypat in

ZhTh, XLIV,

1874, 143-226.

Quellenkritik des Gnosticismits, Lpz. 1873 A. Hilgenfeld, Z?/V Ketzer;

geschichte

C/rchristentinns, Lpz.

1884;

Idem, Jitdeiitum 7tnd

Judoichristentum, Lpz. 1886. J. Kunze, De historiae gnosticismi fontibus novae qiiaestiones criticae, Lips. 1894; cL Harnack, in

ThLZ, XIX,

1894, 340

f.

22.

General

With few exceptions, our knowledge of Gnostic literis derived solely from those fragments which Catholic theologians and ecclesiastics included in their works that they might combat and refute them. Alature

though these remains allow us only very scanty insight into the nature and contents of Gnostic literature, theynevertheless suffice to produce the impression thatit

must have been most important and varied. To be sure, the leaders of Gnostic sects were not all authors. We arc not told on good authority that either Cleobius and Dositheus, or Simon, Menander, Satornilus, Cerinthus, and others, left literary works behind them.^ We have no tangible evidence that others, such as^

See, however, Origen,Fabricius,

iti

16.

BG, 176

f.

Johan. XIII, 27; Constiiuiiones Harnack, LG, 152-157. 68

apost.

VI,

GNOSTIC WRITERS

69

But the principal Gnostic leaders, notably Basilides, Valentinus, and their disciples, anticipated, both in form and matter, much that played a part in Patristic literature and the singular

Hermogenes,^ were authors.

;

class

of

edifyingto

vogue] seemscircles.

[which later attained great have been fostered first in Gnostictales^

Harnack, LG, 200,

CHAPTER

I

THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE23. Basilidcs mid IsidoreFragments: J. E. Grabe, Spicilegium ( 2. 8. b), II, 1699,35-43. A. Hilgenfeld, Die KetzergescJiicJite ties Urchristentn/ns, Lpz. 1884, Fabricius, BG, 207-218; cf. F. A. Hoit, in DCB, II, 268-281.

177

f.

Harnack, LG, 157-161.Basilides, a pupil ofin the

I.

Glaucias,of Peter,i

who

is

alleged to

have been the interpreterAlexandria 2

time of

was a teacher in Hadrian.^ That he had

been in Antioch with Satornilus, a pupil of Menander, is an assertion of Epiphanius'* which cannot now be We gather from the Acta Archelai of the verified. fourth century, that he preached among the Persians.^

Origen^ says of him, possibly incorrectly, that he wrote a gospel of his own, Yiva}9'^v'^)]^~\TT/jo?Tt