Guidance & counseling

By

P.N.Viji, M.Sc(N)

Lecturer

Guidance is the help given by one person to another in

making choices and adjustments & in solving

problems, further it aims at aiding the recipient to grow

in his independence & ability to be responsible for

himself.

Guidance is the help given by one person to another in

making choices and adjustments & in solving

problems, further it aims at aiding the recipient to grow

in his independence & ability to be responsible for

himself.

JONESJONES

Counseling is the helping relationship, that includes

someone seeking help, someone willing to give help who is capable or

trained to help, in a setting that permits help to be

given & received.

Counseling is the helping relationship, that includes

someone seeking help, someone willing to give help who is capable or

trained to help, in a setting that permits help to be

given & received.

CORMIERCORMIER

Scope To draw up plans in academic & non academic pursuits

To realize his potentialities

To make optimum contributions to the growth of the society

To understand teaching work and guidance & counseling are complementary to each other

To acquire abilities which promotes self direction & self realization

Aims at developing the students qualities such as perseverance, dedication, sincerity, devotion, respect for the views of others

Need

Increasing number of aspirants for all sectors of education

Expansion & diversification of courses of study

Mounting number of unemployed graduates

Uncertainties in career & higher academic pursuits

Individual benefits & social benefits

Principles

Unique to an individual

Concerned with the total

individual

Goal oriented & goal directed

Professional activity

Should be based on characteristics

of the stages of human growth &

development

Meant for all those who need

help

Not specific to any state of

development

Continuous process

Should be based on

reliable data

Should have a flexible approach

Types of guidance

Personal

Educational

Health

Social

Vocational

Avocational

Approaches to guidance services

Problem identification

Gathering available data

Arrive at actual cause

Decide on strategies

Implement strategies

Solution

Follow up

Approaches to counseling

1. Directive

2. Non directive

3. Eclectic

4. Group

Directive counseling

• Advocated by EG Williams

• Counselor plays a leading role

• Authoritarian or psycho analytic approach

• Counselor is active

Steps

1) Starting the counseling session2) Collect the relevant data3) Analyze the problem4) Synthesize5) Diagnosis6) Prognosis7) Prescribe remedial measures8) Follow

Non directive counseling

• Advocated by Carl Rogers

• Counselee centered

• Humanistic approach

Steps

1) Opening the session2) Establishing rapport3) Exploration of the problem4) Exploration of the causes of the

problem5) Discovering alternative solution6) Termination of the session7) Follow up

Eclectic counseling

Based on the fact that all individuals differ from one another

Consistent with modern day life

Selection & orderly combination of best features from diverse sources

Sometimes directive & sometimes non directive

Flexible approach with flexible plans

Group counseling

1) Selection of participants2) Starting session3) Orientation for discussion4) Checking unwarranted behavior5) Self disclosure6) Decision making7) Closure8) Follow up

Tools of counseling

• Non testing tools

• Psychological test tools

Non testing tools

• Interview

• Observation

• Anecdotal records

• Cumulative record card

• Problem / interest checklist

• Rating scales

• Sociometry

Psychological testing tools

• Achievement test

• Aptitude test

• Intelligence test

• Interest inventories

Levels of counseling

Informal counseling

Non specialist counseling

Professional counseling

Elements of counseling

counselor counselee

Phases of counseling

Establishing relationship

Setting goals

Assessment

Interventions

Termination & follow up

Steps in counseling process

A

G

T

H

E

R

Greet the client

Return for follow up

Explain how to use a method

Help the client to choose a method

Tell him about methods of coping mechanism

Ask client about themselves

Counseling techniques

Acceptance Lead Restatement

clarificationReassurance

Interpretation

Advice Rejection

Attributes & skills required for a counselor

• Self awareness & understanding

• Good psychological health

• Open mindedness

• Objectivity

• Trust worthiness

• Approachability

Pre training attributes

Inter training attributes

• Interview setting & getting started

• Problem focus

• Identifying an important theme

• Focusing on a theme

• Directing the theme towards a goal

• Managing the interaction with the individual

Qualities of a counselor

IPRPersonal adjustmentScholastic potentialities & educational backgroundHealth & personal appearanceLeadershipPhilosophy of lifeProfessional dedication

Supportive behavior

C

R

E

A

L

Clarify Listen Encourage Acknowledge Reflect & repeat

Non verbal behavior

R

O

L

E

S

Relax

Open & approachabl

e

Lean towards

clientEye

contact

Smile & sit comfortably

THANK YOU