gsm indoor design for schiphol airport

14
Design Proposal for the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI Radio Planning Group 6 August, 1998

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Page 1: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

Design Proposal for the Amsterdam Schiphol Airport

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI

Radio Planning Group

6 August, 1998

Page 2: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

Distribution list Telfort Mobiel Taher Farkondeh

David Charlton Bob Berger Frits Vrijlandt Henk Boonzaayer Martin Janssen Steve Houghton Theo van der Wiel Russel Whitworth Sean O’Neil Gary Hawkins Radio Planning Team Leaders

Page 3: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

CONTENTS

1. Introduction..............................................................................................................4

2. Identification of Coverage Areas and Access Points.............................................4

3. Coverage areas .........................................................................................................7

4. Adopted solution options.........................................................................................7

4.1. ARRIVALS …………………………………………………………………… 7 4.2. PLANE TERMINALS ………………………………………………………….. 8 4.1. DEPARTURES………………………………………………………………... 9

5. Concluding remarks ..............................................................................................11

ANNEXE 1 : Cost estimate and number of antennas and BTSs required………………..12 ANNEXE 2 : Design Block Diagrams for Arrivals, Plane Terminals, and Departures……13

Page 4: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

Design of the Amsterdam

Schiphol Airport 1. Introduction

The Amsterdam Schiphol airport, one of the busiest international airports in the world, is expected to provide substantial roaming traffic and hence, revenues, for our mobile network. Because mobile units often pick the strongest received signal to derive service from while roaming, it is imperative that we provide very good coverage throughout the Schiphol Airport complex.

2. Identification of Coverage Areas and Access Points

Irrespective of the design approach used, antennas will need to be placed in a large number of areas to provide adequate signal levels to subscriber units. Radio Planning has identified the following general areas for coverage:

• All plane terminals (Gates B through G), including the inter-connecting walkways, shown in Figure 1.

• The Arrival lounge which includes the baggage claim, visitor waiting, shopping, and information areas. This is shown in Figure 2.

• The Departure lounge, including the check-in and shopping areas, shown in Figure 3.

• The underground train station below the arrival hall (not shown). • The rental car and parking garages, including the corridor between these

and the main airport building (not shown).

It is assumed that the mobile traffic immediately outside of the airport building and on the road approaches to and from the airport will be covered by an external cell site on an airport building or in its immediate vicinity.

Several Access Points (which are basically the desired antenna locations) have thus been identified in each of the above areas. These are also shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 for the terminals, arrivals, and departure halls respectively and listed in Table 1 below. The seemingly large number of access points are necessitated by the modular construction of the airport, the radio propagation environment, limitations of the equipment used, as well as the need to provide very good signal levels to subscribers.

The access point locations shown are based on site surveys achieved with our Site Acquisition team and the airport representative.

The Amsterdam Schiphol Airport has initially been pre-designed using basic assumptions concerning the access points (location of antennas) and some subjective decisions related to the expected traffic within the Airport’s indoor environment. Visiting the whole Airport with its representatives revealed that the initial design has to be modified because some sites cannot be acquired or merely the solution adopted is not a feasible and viable option. Moreover, some restrictions arose concerning the possibility of installing our infrastructure (BTSs and/or antennas). Subsequently, the

Page 5: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

RP Support Group ought to modify the configuration and/or the location of the BTSs and the antennas within each visited building. This document yields the detailed design according to the above mentioned constraints.

Figure 2: Arrivals – Antenna locations for Arrival areas

Amsterdam Schiphol Airport

Figure 1: Terminals – Antenna location for Terminals

Access Points with Omni antenna’s

Access Points with Shark-fin antenna’s

Access Points with Omni antenna’s

Access Points with Shark-fin antenna’s

Page 6: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

Table 1: Distribution of Access Points

1. Plane Terminals - 9 Access Points Gates B 1 Gates C 1 Gates D 3 Gates E 1 Gates F 2 Gates G 1 2. Arrivals - 6 Access Points Arrivals 1 1 Arrivals 2 1 Arrivals 3 2 Shopping Plaza 2 3. Departures - 7 Access Points Departures 1 2 Departures 1 1 Departures 1 2 4. Railway Station 1 Access Point* 5. Parking Garage 2 Access Points* Total 25 Access Points

* Tentative, pending approval of appropriate authorities.

3. Coverage areas

Figure 3: Departures – Antenna locations for Departure areas

Page 7: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

The areas to be covered are the same as those previously mentioned in the initial document except that the actual proposal does not include the train station and the parking garages. These shall be added later on when the visit has been completed with the concerned authorities. Moreover, although the areas to be covered remain the same as initially identified, the Access Points (antennas) are subjected to potential change after the RP Support Group’s visit with the Site Acquisition representative of the Schiphol Airport in-building areas. 4. Adopted solution options

Because of the various conditions of installation and clutter environments within the Schiphol Airport, different solutions have to be considered. The design proposal had to be undertaken on a case-by-case basis since both the technical and the environmental constraints are to be considered. For example, there are some cases where the BTS-antenna distance might not be short to overcome the high RF losses encountered in the 1800 MHz frequency band and a fiber optic solution seemed to fulfil our requirements. The details of the identified design solutions are given as follows : 4. 1. Arrivals i) Arrivals 1 (South) � Smoke-Alarm antenna highly preferred � Antenna Location : Outside or inside the roof (in the middle of the main room) � Compact-BTS (shared) � RF Cable : 45 m approximately � Possible equipment location : Room # 0680 � Comments : Space for only one RBS 2202 Unit ii) Arrivals 2 � Shark-fin antenna but might not be allowed by the Airport � Antenna Location : Between belt 10 and belt 11 � Compact-BTS (shared) � RF Cable: 45 m + 80 m = 125 m approximately. � Possible equipment location : Room # 0680 � Comments : Space for only one RBS 2202 Unit iii) Corridor between Arrivals 2 and Arrivals 3 � Shark-Fin antenna � Micro-BTS � RF Cable : 15 m maximum � Comments : Very Low Priority (corridor may be covered by Arrivals 1 and

Arrivals 2 BTSs)

Page 8: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

iv) Arrivals 3 (West) � Shark-Fin or a Smoke-Alarm antenna � Antenna Location : Near belt 17 � Compact BTS (shared) � RF Cable : 50 m � Possible equipment location : Room # 2357 4. 2. Plane Terminals i) Lounge West (between Gate F and G) � Thick Cylindrical antenna (2 dBi) � Antenna Location : at the end of the escalator towards the café bar � Compact BTS (shared) � RF Cable : 50 m � Possible equipment location : Room # 2357 ii) Gate G � Thick Cylindrical antenna (2 dBi) � Compact-BTS � RF Cable 55 m � Possible equipment location : down stairs room # GP-0131 � Comments : No space available nearby the antenna for micro-BTS v) Gate F (splitting point area) � Smoke-Alarm antenna � Part of a Compact BTS (2 TRXs) � RF Cable : 10 m � Possible equipment location : Room # 1471 vi) Gate F (main corridor) � Shark-Fin antenna � Part of a Compact BTS (4 TRXs) � RF Cable : 80 m � Possible equipment location : Room # 1471 vii) 2nd Floor between Gate F and E � Smoke-Alarm antenna � Micro-cell � RF Cable : 15 m � Possible equipment location : Room # EF-2639

Page 9: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

� Comments : highly important business area. Libertel installed a smoke-alarm antenna with a microcell.

viii) Gate E � Shark-Fin � Antenna Location : in the middle of the Gate inside the illuminator signs � RF Cable : 10 m � Micro-BTS � Possible equipment location : Room # EP-1140 ix) Gates C and B � Two Shark-Fin antennas, one in each center of Gate C and B respectively � Optical Solution : 1 Master Unit + 2 Remote Units � Fiber Optic Cable : 2×300 m = 600 m � Compact BTS � Possible equipment location : Room # 0314 x) Gate D (TOP) � Very good clearance with respect to the neighboring outdoor sites : No additional

indoor coverage is hence required. xi) Gate D (BOTTOM) � One Shark-Fin antenna in the middle of each corridor (D main, D1 and D2) � Compact BTS (2 TRXs for each of the 3 corridors) � 1 Master Unit � 3 Remote Units (one for each antenna) � Fiber optic cable : 200 m + 2×300 m = 800 m � Possible equipment location : Room # DP-C028 � Comments : Only fiber optic solution is possible because of long distances (high

RF cable losses in 1800 MHz band) between the BTS and the antennas. 4. 3. Departures i) Small metallic walls check-in room � Omnidirectional antenna � Micro-BTS � RF Cable : 15 m � Possible equipment location : available room within the check-in itself ii) Departures 1 � Omnidirectional antenna � Compact BTS � RF Cable : 45 m

Page 10: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

� Possible equipment location : room # 0680 iii) Departures 2 � Omnidirectional smoke-alarm antenna (2 dBi) � Micro-BTS � RF Cable 15 m � Possible equipment location : down stairs room #1415 iv) Between Lounge Central and Lounge South � Ominidirectional smoke-alarm antenna is required � Micro-BTS � RF Cable 15 m � Comments : The Airport representative informed us that no antenna is to be

installed immediately because the building will be destroyed and reconstructed again. It is therefore preferrable that Telfort waits until the reconstruction has been completed to install the required infrastructure.

v) Plaza (around the Meeting Point) � Omnidirectional Smoke-Alarm � Compact-BTS � RF Cable : 40 m � Possible equipment location : behind the Libertel advertisement vi) Plaza (Behind the Shopping Area) � Shark-Fin antenna � Micro-BTS � Antenna Location : Near the “Juggle Sandwich Bar” � RF Cable : 50 m � Possible equipment location : room # 0547 vii) Departures 3 � Smoke Alarm antenna � Micro-BTS � RF Cable : 15 m � Possible equipment location : Room # TERW-A117 � comments : Low priority because the outdoor macro should be sufficient. If the

traffic becomes an issue, then a TRX extension will have to be undertaken on the outdoor serving cell.

5. Concluding remarks The main concern was the coverage of the strategic areas within the Schiphol Airport buildings with a rough estimate of the expected traffic. Furthermore, Telfort should consider that the traffic will no longer be uniformly distributed and, therefore,

Page 11: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

more refined traffic estimate will have to be undertaken. The proposed design takes into account the RP’s observations on the field but also combines the information given by the Airport’s representatives concerning the best locations to be used for both the antennas and the BTSs. Furthermore, it is very important to point out that the design given in this proposal shall be used provided that each equipment room and antenna location will remain unchanged.

Page 12: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

ANNEXE 1 Table A1 : Number of Antennas and BTSs required

Compact RBS 2202

Micro RBS 2301

Smoke-Alarm Antennas

Shark-Fins Thick-Omni

7 8 8 10 4 Table A2 : Infrastructure Cost Estimate (installation cost not included) RF Units for the entire airport complex Items Unit Price Units Required Subtotal RBS2202 (6 TRXs) 106,672 7 746,704 RBS2301 (2 TRXs) 47,890 8 383,120 Master Units 28,719 2 57,438 Remote Units 25,340 5 126,700 1:2 Optical Splitter 237 1 237 1:4 Optical Splitter 1,808 1 1,808 Connectors (RF) 65 24 1,560 Connectors (Optical)

68 10 680

RF Cables (1/2”) 10/m 630 m 6,300 Fiber Optic Cables 10.2/m 1,400 m 14,280 APPROXIMATE TOTAL COST 1,338,827

Page 13: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

ANNEXE 2 Figure A1 : Design Block Diagram for Gate F

Figure A2 : Design Block Diagram for Departures 1 and Arrivals 1 and 2

Figure A3 : Design Block Diagram for Gate C and B

HybridCombining

TRX 1

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 4

TRX 5

TRX 6

RF Cable

RBS 2202 UNIT

HybridCombining

HybridCombining

RF Cable

RF Cable

To Arrivals 1

To Arrivals 2

To Departures 1

HybridCombining

TRX 1

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 4

TRX 5

TRX 6

HybridCombining

RF Cable

RF Cable

To Gate F (splitting Area)

To Gate F (Corridor)

RBS 2202 UNIT

TRX 1

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 4

TRX 5

TRX 6

MasterUnit

RU

RU

F/O Cable

F/O Cable

To Gate C

To Gate B

RBS 2202 UNIT + HybridCombiners

1:2Splitter

Page 14: GSM Indoor design for Schiphol Airport

Figure A4 : Design Block Diagram for Microcell-based solution

Short RF Cable

RBS 2301 UNIT

HybridCombining

TRX 1

TRX 2To Microcell-based option

Location

Figure A5 : Design Block Diagram for Arrivals 3 and Lounge West

Hybrid Combining

TRX 1

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 4

TRX 5

TRX 6

RF Cable

RBS 2202 UNIT

Hybrid Combining

RF Cable

To Arrivals 3

To Lounge West (betweenGate F & G)