Growth and ExpansionGrowth and ExpansionBookletBooklet

Growth and Expansionism Growth and Expansionism BookletBooklet

Section 1Section 1: Nationalism and Sectionalism: Nationalism and SectionalismVocabularyVocabulary

Review QuestionsReview QuestionsNotesNotes

Section 2Section 2: Religion and Reform: Religion and ReformVocabularyVocabulary

Review QuestionsReview QuestionsNotesNotes

Section 3Section 3: Manifest Destiny: Manifest DestinyVocabularyVocabulary

Review QuestionsReview QuestionsNotesNotes

Section 1: Nationalism and SectionalismI. Vocabulary

Industrial RevolutionFrancis Cabot LowellLowell GirlInterchangeable partsEli WhitneyTariff of 1816Cotton GinNationalismHenry ClayAmerican SystemAdams-Onis TreatyMonroe DoctrineMissouri CompromiseJacksonian DemocracySpoils SystemIndian Removal ActTrail of TearsTariff of AbominationsJohn CalhounNullification

Sectionalism and Nationalism Notes

Industry and TransportationTechnology transform manufacturing Industrial RevolutionShift from agriculture to industry- New England flourishesTextile factories, Lowell Mills, interchangeable parts, mass productionNorth vs. South Economy

oNorth: smaller farms, growing cities, little need for slaveryoSouth: Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin- increases need for slavery cash crop

An Era of NationalismWorried about sectionalism, Henry Clay proposes the American System- unite country

oTransportation systemoProtective tariff (make citizens buy US goods)oRe-establish a national bank

Tariff of 1816- tax on imports from Euro helps NE industry, hurts S. farmersSeveral Supreme Courts cases boosted gov’t power

oGibbons vs. Ogden (1824)- Steamboat operators arguing over territory; gov’t says US controls interstate commerceoMcCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)- Maryland tries to tax the Fed. Bank US says no

Hudson River School- landscape painters form a school

Foreign policy based on nationalism nat’l interest above regional concerns

1819- US gains FL from Spain Adams-Onis Treaty

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)- Pres. Monroe says the western hemisphere is “closed”- no new colonies from outside powers

US promised not to interfere with Euro issues Nationalism did not help growing slavery crisis:

The Missouri Compromise Missouri and Maine apply for statehood 10 free states, 10 slave states Miss. wants to be slave upset balance and starts

arguments Henry Clay proposes compromise- Miss. will be slave, Maine

will be free 36◦30’ parallel was dividing line

Age of Jackson“Corrupt Bargain” Election 1824

oJackson wins pop. Vote, but tied electoral votesoHouse of Reps to decide winner, Henry Clay disliked Jackson, convinces HR to vote for John AdamsoJackson wins in 1828

Jackson practices spoils system- appointing friends to gov’t jobsNative American issues- displace or convert?Indian Removal Act of 1830- Remove NA to lands further westCherokee fight back- Worcester vs. Georgia

oGov’t allows Cherokee to stay on land, but Jackson refusedoTrail of Tears- 800 mile journey; ¼ died

States’ Rights and a National BankGov’t keeps increasing taxes on imports (N. likes, S. hates)Tariff of Abominations was final straw- extremely high protective tariffS. very mad The South Carolina Exposition- VP Calhoun writes nullification doc1832- SC threatens to secede if tax isn’t stopped, tariff is reduced

Economic ProblemsJackson hates idea of BUS- corrupt ideaJackson suggests “Pet Banks”-put gov’t funds in local banks devoted to Dem. PartyWhig Party is created in opposition to Jackson

Martin Van Buren (1836-1840)Allows economy to fall into tail spin- Panic of 1837Whig Party vs. Dems William Henry Harrison elected, died one month later

Section 1: Nationalism and Sectionalism

Review Questions

1. How did transportation developments and industrialization affect the nation’s economy?

2. How did the North and South differ during the first half of the 1800s?

3. How did domestic and foreign policies reflect the nationalism of the times?

4. What changes did Andrew Jackson represent in American political life?

5. What major political issues emerged during the 1830s?

6. Categorize and explain the factors that led to less industrial growth in the South than in the North.

Section 2: Religion and ReformI. Vocabulary

Second Great AwakeningEvangelicalJoseph SmithMormonUnitarianUtopian CommunityTranscendentalistPublic School MovementHorace MannDorothea DixTemperance MovementFreedmanNat TurnerAbolition MovementWilliam Lloyd GarrisonFrederick DouglassSojourner TruthWomen’s MovementSeneca Falls ConventionSuffrage

Section 2: Religion and Reform

II. Review Questions1.What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance reform movements?2.How did reformers try to help enslaved people?3.What steps did American women take to advance their rights in the mid- 1800s?4.Why did the Second Great Awakening begin? What were some of the ways that it changed American Society?5.How successful were slave revolts in helping enslaved African Americans resist slavery?6.What similar ideas did abolitionists and women’s rights reformers hold?

Religion and Reform Notes

Religion Sparks ReformReligious revival sweeps America- Second Great Awakening ( focus on individual salvation)Gathered large groups for days long sessions- revivalsSome reformers wanted an alternative culture

oTranscendentalism- Living simply and truth in natureLiterary movement follows- Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau (Walden)

Utilitarianism- emphasize reason to path to perfectionSchool and prison reform important- Dorothea Dix- focus on mentally ill and prisoners1800s- no uniform school policy Horace Mann, implement 1st BOE

Slavery and AbolitionAbolition was fueled by reform movementWhite abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison- newspaper The Liberator called for immediate emancipationGarrison begins working with ex-slave Frederick Douglass The North Star

Women and ReformElizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott- Abolitionist and Women’s ReformerWomen restricted to home and family- Cult of DomesticityGrimke Sisters argued for abolition, hoping it would eventually lead to women reformFight for temperance- prohibit drinking and sale of alcohol- downfall of societySeneca Falls Convention: Held NY, Stanton and Mott create a women’s Declaration of Independence

Section 3: Manifest DestinyI. Vocabulary

Manifest DestinySanta Fe TrailMountain MenOregon TrailBrigham YoungTreaty of Fort LaramieStephen AustinSanta AnnaAutonomyLone Star RepublicAlamoSam HoustonJames K. PolkZachary TaylorTreaty of Guadalupe HidalgoGadsden PurchaseWilmot ProvisoForty-NinersPlacer mining

Section 3: Manifest Destiny

II. Review Questions1. What long term effects did the introduction

of horses and firearms have on Native Americans in the west?

2. Who might have agreed with the idea of Manifest Destiny? Who would have disagreed?

3. Why do you think so few women or families made their way west?

4. In what way was the fighting in Texas the responsibility of both the Anglo- Texans and the Mexican government?

5. Identify three effects of the California Gold Rush. Which effect do you think was most important in the long term?

6. What other groups of people, besides farmers, made their way west in the 1800s? Why?

Manifest Destiny Notes

The Market RevolutionShift from self sufficiency to specialization- raising cash crops to sellLeads to market revolution- ppl buy and sell goods rather than making them for their own useInventions make life easier- farmers and industrial businessmen

oTelegraphoRailroads

Manifest DestinyExpansion fever grips nation- US destiny is to expand to Pacific Ocean mandated by GodNA unsettled by Manifest Destiny Treaty of Fort Laramie gives NA control of central plains territory promising in exchange not to attack new settlersSanta Fe Trail- Missouri to New MexicoBrigham Young leads group of Mormons to Utah-escape religious persecution1844-James Polk calls for annexation of Oregon, British forts still there“Fifty Four Forty or Fight” becomes rallying cry (Northern limit for boundary)

Expansion in TexasMore Americans in Texas than MexicansTensions build b/t Mexicans and Americans- Mexico places restrictions on Texas growthTexas declares a war for Independence Remember the Alamo

oTexas militia faces Mexican Army at the Alamo, an abandoned fort-Santa Anna destroys the small army- kills all involved

Sam Houston later beat Santa Anna & declared a Republic of Texas1845- Texas becomes a US state ( Fight over slavery)

War with MexicoJames K Polk urges war with M. to gain lands farther west- question over Texas border and slaveryRequests to buy Cali and New Mexico refused Polk sees this as warZach Taylor led troops to Rio Grande & built fortsMexico attacksWar lasts for about a year- sign Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

oAgree to Rio Grande borderoGains Mexican Cession- CA, NV, NM, UT, AR, CO, WYoConcludes lower 48

Movement to forbid slavery in new territory Wilmot Proviso