Unit 4

Growing Pains and Gains

WHAT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONFLICTS

EMERGED AS AMERICANS MOVED WEST?

Chapter 12

Oklahoma Land Race

As an Exoduster I traveled to Kansas looking for land and opportunity.

African Americans

African Americans

Exodusters traveled to Kansas

Land ownership for a small fee

Escape Jim Crow South

EXODUSTERS

Settlers

Homestead Act – government handed out land at cheap prices to encourage settlement

Fresh start for immigrants and city dwellers

Grasshoppers and drought made life difficult

Oklahoma Land Race

Cowboys and Ranchers

Chisholm Trail used to drive cattle to railroads in Kansas and then markets in Chicago

Native American attacks

Use of barbed wire by settlers led to the decline of the cowboy

Chisholm Trail

Miners

Gold Rush led to the settlement of the West

Few found the “mother lode”

Dangerous conditions

Hardships

Railroad owners

Railroad Owners Pacific Railroad Act – free land to

railroad owners who earned great profits by selling it.

Transcontinental Railroad united east and west (10 days to travel)

Railroads encouraged westward settlement and led to the development of towns and cities.

Helped industries like mining and lumbering grow

overcharged farmers

Railroad Workers

Railroad Workers

Dangerous conditions

Opportunities for Irish and Chinese immigrants

Discrimination and poor pay

Populism

Supported farmers struggling with debt caused by low prices and high rail costs

Were against the gold standard (paper money backed by gold only)

Wanted paper money (greenbacks) backed by gold and silver in order to fuel inflation

With more paper money in supply, prices rise helping farmers make more $

American Indians

Crazy Horse Sitting Bull

Government wanted to expand the rails and mining operations

Army relocated American Indians onto reservations through treaties and by force

Treaty of Fort Laramie

1868 Sioux agree

to live on reservations along the Missouri River

Reservations

Inadequate farming lands

Disease and famine common

High Mortality rates

Assimilation –Absorb American Indians into white culture and educate them

about the white man’s ways

Steps to Assimilation

Teach Indians how to farm and be self-sufficient

Indian Schools for children

Land ownership for individual families and not tribes.

Indian Schools

Boarding and day schools

English only Military like

schedules and discipline

Farming and industrial skills

Mandatory for all kids

The Dawes Act (1877)

Broke up tribal land and gave some of it to individual Indians

Citizenship Remaining lands

sold to white settlers

How did Assimilation help Native Americans?

Jim Thorpe at the Carlisle School

Massacre at Wounded Knee

1890 Army slaughters

300 unarmed Lakota Sioux

Final armed conflict for Native Americans in the U.S

The Ghost Dance

Sitting Bull

Slaughtered Buffalo on the great plains

“The star blanket lit up the sky and the elders saw and prayed to their ancestors. They cried out for answers. "Why are we left here to starve? What has happened to Tatanka Oyasin (the Buffalo Nation)?" The scouts had traveled very far to search for the once huge herds of buffalo. All of the hunters returned only to report of the same mystery. After many weeks, their greatest hunter set out to find the answer to the mystery. His name was Fire Deer”.

What I see

My food destroyed and perhaps my way of life

What I hear

The cries of my starving children

I smell the blood of tatanka

What I smell

What I feel

I am angry that the white man has taken over

Life on the Reservation

“ Many Native Americans sold their land for peanuts and the increase in alcoholism once Native Americans were restricted to the reservation was astronomical. The reservation was also a means by which Native Americans were further disenfranchised and abused. On the reservation their children could be taken from them without cause or warning and sent to boarding school, they had no right of habeas corpus and could be arrested if any suspicion about their loyalty to the reservation or the US government existed.”

What I see

What I hear

What I smell

What I feel

Assimilation of A Native American girl

When she first returns to her family, Lucille is not dressed like a Navajo woman; she has adopted white women's "[s]hort skirts, and high-heeled shoes, and . . . stilted walk with pocket-book in hand…. Distaste for the eating, sleeping, and other habits of her Navajo family reminds the young woman that she has learned skills, such as how "to cook real good, on a stove“….

Assimilation of A Native American girl

Although she wanted to be white, the reality was that whites didn’t want anything to do with her………..” I asked to get a job. Dey couldn't get me one'“ …..(eventually) Lucille pinpoints suicide as the only escape from an unproductive and unhappy existence, her death is the ultimate evidence that assimilation has failed.”

What I see

What I hear

What I smell

What I feel

Wounded Knee Massacre

“There was a woman with an infant in her arms who was killed as she almost touched the flag of truce, and the women and children of course were strewn all along the circular village until they were dispatched. Right near the flag of truce a mother was shot down with her infant; the child not knowing that its mother was dead was still nursing, and that especially was a very sad sight. “

Wounded knee Massacre

“The women as they were fleeing with their babes were killed together, shot right through, and the women who were very heavy with child were also killed. All the Indians fled in these three directions, and after most all of them had been killed a cry was made that all those who were not killed wounded should come forth and they would be safe. Little boys who were not wounded came out of their places of refuge, and as soon as they came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded them and butchered them there.”

What I see

What I hear

What I smell

What I feel

Guidelines for writing haiku’s

You will write a haiku about the Native American experience based on one of the four scenes you just viewed. Use the information you recorded on the handouts to generate ideas for your haiku

Haikus contain three lines consisting of 17 syllables: 5 in the first line, 7 in the second line, 5 in the third

Haiku must be written in first person, write as if you are in the picture.

You must illustrate your haiku with at least one drawing

Native American Haiku

SHOT’S HEARD, NATIVES FALLBABIES CRY FOR THEIR MOTHERSGUN POWDER, BURNT FLESH….

What impact did the Railroads have on America?

What challenges did the Transcontinental Railroad create?

Railroads had trouble raising funds

Conflicts with Native Americans Building over rough terrain

Who worked on the railroad and why was it hard?

Irish and Chinese immigrants found jobs

Chinese workers were paid lower wages than whites and were targets of racism

Workers were killed in Indian Attacks, dynamite accidents, and avalanches

Why were Railroads the lifelines in the west?

Travel time between the two coasts shrank from 4 months to 10 days.

Railroads encouraged settlement by making land available to farm families

Towns sprang up Railroads served the transportation

needs of new industries like mining and lumbering

How did the Railroad have a positive impact on America?

American Progress

Farmers Rise up

1. Farmers struggled because they could not earn enough to pay off expensive loans and pay high rates to use the railroads.

2. What group of people did the protest movement populism favor?

3. What did the Interstate Commerce Commission force railroads to do?

4. Under the gold standard, what did every paper dollar in circulation have to be backed

by?.

5. What did Greenbackers want gov’t to do in order to fuel inflation?

6. How did inflation help farmers?

7. What were two issues that the Populist party forght for?.

8. What political party favored the gold standard?

9. What Democratic nominee for President condemned the gold standard?

10. What was the long term effect of the populist party?