group 6-earthquake and tsunami
DESCRIPTION
earthquake tsunamiTRANSCRIPT
GROUP 6Presentation
Pipican, Shekinah Faith L.Cunanan, Janella Marie Galsim, Christian RoyceOcampo, Justin Anthony
EARTHQUAKE
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?
A Shaking of a part of the earth’s surface that often causes great damage.
WHAT CAN I DO TO PREPARE FOR AN EARTHQUAKE?
Before an Earthquake occurs….. Fasten shelves securely to walls, and place heavy
objects on lower shelves. Store breakable items in low, closed cabinets. Hang items such as pictures and mirrors away
from beds and anywhere people sit. Brace hanging light fixtures. Repair known defective electrical wiring and gas
connections. Identify safe places in each room (under sturdy
furniture, against inside walls, away from glass).
Locate safe places outdoors (away from buildings, trees, electrical lines, and bridges).
Teach family members how to turn off gas, electricity, and water.
Teach children how to dial 911 in an emergency.
Have disaster supplies on hand (flashlight and extra batteries, battery operated radio, fist aid kit with manual, emergency food and drinking water, non electric can opener, cash, sturdy shoes).
Develop an emergency communications plan in case family members are separated.
During an earthquake (indoors)..
Take cover beneath a sturdy piece of furniture or against an indoor wall away from glass that might break.
Stay inside! The most dangerous thing you can do during an earthquake is to try to leave.
During an earthquake (outdoors)...
◦Move into the open, away from buildings, street lights, and overhead utility wires. Stay there until the shaking stops.
During an earthquake (in a moving vehicle)...
Try to find a clear area away from buildings, trees, overpasses, and overhead wires.
Stop quickly and stay in the vehicle. Once the shaking has stopped, proceed with caution.
Bridges and ramps may have been damaged during the shaking.
Dealing with pets... The behavior of pets may change after an earthquake,
and they may become aggressive or defensive. Leash dogs or keep them in a fenced area. Pets may not be allowed in emergency shelters, so
prepare an emergency supply that includes a several day supply of dry pet food and a large water container.
After the earthquake... Be prepared for aftershocks. They may cause
additional damage for hours to months after the main shock.
Help injured or trapped persons within the limits of your abilities.
Listen to a battery operated radio or television for emergency information.
Check on the elderly and disabled, or children who may need special help.
Stay out of damaged buildings! Use the telephone only for emergency calls. Clean up spilled materials. Open cabinet and closet doors cautiously.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE?
Ground shaking, in itself, is not dangerous. However, the resulting damage to buildings and other structures and the risk of casualties from falling debris can make it extremely hazardous. Some of the earthquake effects that can be harmful to people are:
Collapsing buildings, walls, bridges, falling furniture or objects, shattering glass windows and mirrors. Debris from collapsing structures is one of the principal dangers during an earthquake since the impact of large, heavy objects can be fatal to human beings. Earthquakes sometimes cause glass windows and mirrors to shatter and this is also quite dangerous. Earthquake aftershocks can result in the complete collapse of buildings that were damaged during an earthquake.
Rock slides and/or landslides on mountains and hillsides. During an earthquake, large rocks and portions of earth high up in the hills can become dislopdged and rapidly roll or slide down into the valleys.
Tsunamis. A tsunami is a large sea wave or series of waves that can be generated by an earthquake. Large tsunamis can completely devastate low-lying coastal areas.
Emergency Supplies for Earthquake PreparednessFirst Aid Kit
Store your first aid supplies in a tool box or fishing tackle box so they will be easy to carry and protected from water. Inspect your kit regularly and keep it freshly stocked. NOTE: Important medical information and most prescriptions can be stored in the refrigerator, which also provides excellent protection from fires.
Drugs/Medications
Hydrogen peroxide to wash and disinfect wounds
Antibiotic ointment Individually wrapped alcohol swabs Aspirin and non-aspirin tablets Prescriptions and any long-term
medications (keep these current) Diarrhea medicine Eye drops
Other First Aid Supplies
First aid book Scissors Thermometer Bar soap Tissues Paper cups Pocket knife Small plastic bags Safety pins Needle and thread Sanitary napkins
Survival Kit for Your HomeAssemble a survival kit for your home with
the following items:
Tools and supplies
ax, shovel, broom screwdriver, pliers, hammer, adjustable
wrench rope for towing or rescue plastic sheeting and tape
Items for safety and comfort sturdy shoes that can provide protection from
broken glass, nails, and other debris gloves (heavy and durable for cleaning up debris) candles change of clothing knife tent blankets or sleeping bags portable radio, flashlight, and extra batteries essential medications and eyeglasses fire extinguisher -- multipurpose, dry chemical
type food and water for pets toilet tissue cash
WHAT IS TSUNAMI ?
A very high, large wave in the ocean that is usually caused by an earthquake under the sea and that can cause great destruction when it reaches land.
Tsunamis: the effects
IntroductionThe effects of a tsunami on a coastline can range from
unnoticeable to devastating. The effects of a tsunami depend on the characteristics of the seismic event that generated the tsunami, the distance from its point of origin, its size (magnitude) and, at last, the configuration of the bathymetry (that is the depth of water in oceans) along the coast that the tsunami is approaching. Small tsunamis, non-destructive and undetectable without specialized equipment, happen almost every day as a result of minor earthquakes and other events. They are very often too far away from land or they are too small to have any effect when they hit the shore.
When a small tsunami comes to the shoreline it is often seen as a strong and fast-moving tide.
Tsunamis have long periods and can overcome obstacles such as gulfs, bays and islands. These tsunamis make landfall usually in the form of suddenly decreasing and then rapidly increasing water levels (not unlike a tidal bore) a combination of several large waves or bore-type waves. Generally tsunamis arrive, not as giant breaking waves, but as a forceful rapid increase in water levels.However, when tsunami waves become extremely large in height, they savagely attack coastlines, causing devastating property damage and loss of lifes that results in violent flooding.
A small wave only 30 centimetres high in the deep ocean may grow into a monster wave 30m high as it sweeps over the shore. The effects can be further amplified where a bay, harbour, or lagoon funnels the waves as they move inland. Large tsunamis have been known to rise to over 100 feet!
Destruction
The amount of energy and water contained in a huge tsunami can cause extreme destruction when it strikes land. Destruction is caused by two mechanisms: the smashing force of a wall of water traveling at high speed, and the destructive power of a large volume of water draining off the land and carrying all with it, even if the wave did not look large. Tsunami waves destroy boats, buildings, bridges, cars, trees, telephone lines, power lines - and just about anything else in their way. Once the tsunami waves have knocked down infrastructure on the shore they may continue to travel for several miles inland, sweeping away more trees, buildings, cars and other man made equipment. Small islands hit by a tsunami are left unrecognizable.
Image: Homes are destroyed by a tsunamiEspecially along a high seismic area, known as the Ring of Fire, tsunamis may have dramatic consequences as they hit less developed countries.
DeathOne of the biggest and worst effects of a tsunami is
the cost to human life because unfortunately escaping a tsunami is nearly impossible. Hundreds and thousands of people are killed by tsunamis. Since 1850 alone, tsunamis have been responsible for the loss of more than 430,000 lives. There is very little warning before a tsunamis hits land. As the water rushes toward land, it leaves very little time to map an escape plan. People living in coastal regions, towns and villages have no time to escape. The violent force of the tsunami results in instant death, most commonly by drowning. Buildings collapsing, electrocution, and explosions from gas, damaged tanks and floating debris are another cause of death. The tsunami of December 2004 that struck South East Asia and East Africa killed over 31,000 people in Sri Lanka only, leaving 23,000 injured.
Image: Child being carried away
Disease
Tsunami waves and the receding water are very destructive to structures in the run-up zone. The areas close to the coast are flooded with sea water, damaging the infrastructure such as sewage and fresh water supplies for drinking . Flooding and contamination of drinking water can cause disease to spread in the tsunami hit areas. Illnesses such as malaria arise when water is stagnant and contaminated. Under these conditions it is difficult for people to stay healthy and for diseases to be treated, so infections and illnesses can spread very quickly, causing more death.
Environmental impacts
Tsunamis not only destroy human life, but have a devastating effect on insects, animals, plants, and natural resources. A tsunami changes the landscape. It uproots trees and plants and destroys animal habitats such as nesting sites for birds. Land animals are killed by drowning and sea animals are killed by pollution if dangerous chemicals are washed away into the sea, thus poisoning the marine life. The impact of a tsunami on the environment relates not only to the landscape and animal life, but also to the man-made aspects of the environment. Solid waste and disaster debris are the most critical environmental problem faced by a tsunami-hit country.
Image: Tsunami environmental impact
How to Prepare for a Tsunami Tsunamis are a series of waves caused by a
massive disturbance of water. In general, tsunamis are not particularly threatening, as they constantly happen every day around the world, often in the middle of the ocean. In fact, most tsunamis don't reach much higher than regular ocean waves on the beach. But in some cases, the tsunami will develop into potentially destructive waves. If you live in a coastal area, it's imperative that you know what to do should this situation arise.
Part 1 of 3:
Being Prepared in Advance
Know your community's evacuation routes.
If you live in a coastal community, you probably have an evacuation route, even if you're not aware of it or if it's not often talked about. In short, it'll be the quickest way to reach high ground. You want to be, ideally, 2 miles (3.2 km) away from shore and at least 100 feet (30.5 m) above sea level.
Make an emergency kit for your home, work, and vehicle.
You want one available for wherever you may be when the time comes. Worst case scenario is you get caught somewhere for a few days before evacuations start happening, so you want 72 hours worth of goods. Put in things like a roll of toilet paper, first aid equipment, energy bars, and water. Here's a list to get you started:
› Water› Canned or packaged foods› Flashlight› Radio (tuned to NOAA station that gives "all
clear" signal)› Sanitary items (toilet paper, moist towelettes,
garbage bags, zip ties)› First aid equipment (band-aids, gauze pads, etc)› Whistle› Map› Tools (wrench to turn off utilities, manual can
opener)› Duct tape› Spare clothes› Anything for individuals with specific needs
(infants, elderly, etc.)
Have a family communication plan.
If you're at work, the kids are at school, and your spouse is at home, all the group planning in the world won't do you any good. Have a plan on where to meet if a tsunami were to strike when you're in different areas. Invest in a set of walkie talkies and outline the plan, making sure all parties understand that that's where they need to meet, regardless of circumstance.
Take a First Aid course
If your community gets hit, people like you may need to rise to the occasion. If you have taken a first aid course, you can administer CPR, attend to basic injuries, and help save lives. Including your own .
Look into flood insurance.
Tsunami insurance" just isn't really a thing, but flood insurance definitely is. If your house" is even a half mile to a mile away from the coast, inquire about it. The last thing you want to worry about is reconstructing your life when you have so much else on your plate. Having insurance at least eliminates some financial stress.
Know that an earthquake often precedes a tsunami.
Though not 100% of the time, usually a coastal earthquake is what sets off a tsunami. So if at any point the ground beneath you is even quivering, go on high alert. A tsunami could come in a matter of minutes or matter of hours. Or it could not come at all.
Look to the sea.
Usually during a tsunami, the water will recede very far back. The water will be inactive, and the only waves will be very small and barely make it up to the beach. Nearby boats and ships will be likely to bob up and down. A small wave might come up and fill the water where it is supposed to be, but then it will recede back in a second. These are excellent signs that a tsunami is coming.
Understand that if you are sure that something is going to happen, you should warn other people immediately.
Get everyone to evacuate the beach and any area near the shore. Yell, scream, and make an idiot out of yourself if you need to in order to grab their attention. Many people will be entranced by the odd behavior of the ocean and not realize something is wrong.
Know that a tsunami can be more than one wave.
And they can be separated by short or very long periods of time. So if the first wave is not very aggressive or not very big, don't think you can go back to the beach and that your tsunami did not live up to the hype. Many times people think that the tsunami is over and are injured or killed by the second or third wave.
If you're a native, follow your evacuation plan.
Depending on the tsunami, sometimes one mile isn't enough. The wave can sweep as much as 2,000 feet (609.6 m). It doesn't happen often, but you want to be as safe as possible and assume the worst. So get far away from the water and get to high ground.
If you're a tourist, just go.
The last thing you expected on your week-long, relaxing visit to Thailand was a tsunami, but that doesn't mean it won't happen. You could be casually resting on the beach, eyes closed, earbuds in, and all of a sudden the tide starts acting as if it has a mind of its own. When that happens, head for the hills.
Grab your kit (if it's nearby) and seek high ground.
That's why you have a kit everywhere you could possibly be. So whether you're high-tailing on foot, on a bicycle, or in your car, grab it and go. Once you're there, use your radio to tune in to your weather alert station and use the walkie-talkie to channel your family. Is everyone on their way?
Understand that if you are caught in the
tsunami's grip, don't fight the current.
You might drown. A bunch of deadly debris might be floating by, such as cars, trees, or rocks. Try to grab onto the debris or something solid in the ground, like a pole. If you can't grab the debris, try to avoid it. Move out of its way swiftly or duck beneath. If you grab something or float on something until the water subsides or you are able to get away from the wave, you are likely to survive.
Precautions For Those At Risk of a Tsunami
If you live in a coastal area that is hit by an earthquake, especially near the Pacific Ocean, the chances of a tsunami hitting increase. Take these precautions immediately after an earthquake.
-Turn on your radio or TV to hear if there is a tsunami warning-Move away from the shoreline and to higher ground-Do not go to the beach, especially if you see a noticeable recession of water away from the shoreline.
What Should Go In a Family Disaster Kit
Keeping a Family Disaster Kit is important in case a tsunami strikes. It should contain necessities for the entire family.
Store one-gallon of water per person for at least three days in plastic containers.
Keep a three-day supply of non-perishable food, such as peanut butter, trail mix, canned juices, milk, soup and sweetened cereals.
Store a first-aid kit, tools, some clothing and bedding and important documents in the kit as well.
Be sure to store the kit in a convenient place for all family members and keep things in a airtight, plastic containers.