grm 2013: improving sorghum productivity in semi-arid environments of mali through integrated mars:...
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Improving sorghum productivity in semi-arid environments of Mali
through integrated MARS G4008.48
Products, challenges & lessons learned
J-F Rami – General Research Meeting – Lisbon – 27th - 30th Sep 2013
MARS: increase the exploration of recombination potential in bi-parental population
Breed for : multiple traits polygenic traits diverse environments... ...Towards an ideal genotype cumulating favourable alleles from both parents for all genes involved in different target traits
X
Parent 1 Parent 2
X
Parent 1 Parent 2
GV GV GV GV GV GV GV GV GV GV GV GV GV
QTL detection Multiple traits
Multiple environments
GV
Lata3 Keninkeni Tiandougou X X
Parents chosen for MARS are elite varieties with complementary traits
Guinea type Medium size
Photoperiod sensitive Tillering
Caudatum type Short size
Photoperiod sensitive High productivity
GC type Medium size
Photoperiod sensitive Good grain quality
400 F3 400 F3
The project in a nutshell
Keninkeni Lata3 Population 114 Population 118
x x
F4 Families (10 plants)
…
…
F4 seed increase (F5 Bulk)
Phenotyping 3 sites x 2 sowing dates 1 site for grain quality
F1
F2
F3
S2
S3
S4
Dec. 2008
March 2009
June 2009
F4 Families (10 plants)
Dec. 2009
Feb. 2010
QTL analysis Ideotype definition
Phenotyping 3 sites x 2 sowing dates 1 site for grain quality
F3 genotyping QTL analysis
Ideotype definition
Genotyping
C1 cycle (F4 families) C1 genotyping
C1 crosses
June 2010
Jan. 2011
June 2011
Jan. 2012 C1 seed increase
(F2)
June 2012 C1
evaluation (F3)
Tiandougou
C2 seed increase (F2)
C1 + C2 evaluation (F2)
Jan. 2013
June 2013 C1 cycle (F4 families)
C1 genotyping C1 crosses
C2 cycle (C1 families) C2 genotyping
C2 crosses
C3 cycle (C2 + C1 families)
C3 genotyping C3 crosses
F4 seed increase (F5 Bulk)
June 2008
F1
F2
F3
S2
S3
S4
• 3 locations : Sotuba, Cinzana, Farako • 2 sowing dates in each location • Multiple traits
• Yield and components • Flowering date • Plant morphology • Panicle morphology and architecture • Grain quality (NIRS + mini Tô)
Challenges: multilocation phenotyping
Challenges: multilocation phenotyping
Grain yield
Grain quality Grain quality
Grain yield
Challenges: QTL detection and ideotype definition
Challenges: Genotyping data management
Track inconsistent genotyping data in pedigrees
• Identify: • Wrong crosses • Selfing
• Very short timeframe
Challenges : From crosses ranking to crossing
Keninkeni Lata3 Population 114 Population 118
x x
…
F4 seed increase (F5 Bulk)
Phenotyping 3 sites x 2 sowing dates 1 site for grain quality
F1
F2
F3
S2
S3
S4
Dec. 2008
March 2009
June 2009
Dec. 2009
Feb. 2010
QTL analysis Ideotype definition
Phenotyping 3 sites x 2 sowing dates 1 site for grain quality
F3 genotyping QTL analysis
Ideotype definition
Genotyping
C1 cycle (F4 families) C1 genotyping
C1 crosses
June 2010
Jan. 2011
June 2011
Jan. 2012 C1 seed increase
(F2)
June 2012 C1
evaluation (F3)
Tiandougou
C2 seed increase (F2)
C1 + C2 evaluation (F2)
Jan. 2013
June 2013 C1 cycle (F4 families)
C1 genotyping C1 crosses
C2 cycle (C1 families) C2 genotyping
C2 crosses
C3 cycle (C2 + C1 families)
C3 genotyping C3 crosses
F4 seed increase (F5 Bulk)
June 2008
F1
F2
F3
S2
S3
S4
Main product: improved material
724 F4 Plants (20 Families) 140 SNP
130 C1 crosses 105 Selfing
647 C1 Plants (23 Families) 140 SNP
125 C2 crosses 70 Selfing
558 C2 Plants (19 C2 Families + 13 C1 families)
150 SNP 20 C3 crosses
60 Selfing
760 F4 Plants (30 Families) 158 SNP
Crosses starting in two weeks
Population 114 Population 118
Main product: improved material P114 Pedigree
Alelles selection over cycles Evolution of index value over cycles
P114 – C1
Phenotyping Evaluation
2 locations x 2 reps x 2 sowing dates
Strategy for variety development
Year Type Sub type Nb of
entries Nb of Rep Nb of envt Nb of Plot Designation 2013 Screening trials Station 64 2 6 768 C2P114 2013 Variety trials Station 6 4 3 72 2013 Variety trials Farmers 10 1 30 300 2014 Screening trials Station 64 2 6 768 C1P118 2014 Screening trials Station 64 2 6 768 C3P114 2014 Variety trials Station 10 4 3 120 2014 Variety trials Farmers 10 1 30 300 2015 Screening trials Station 64 2 6 768 C2P118 2015 Variety trials Station 15 4 3 180 2015 Variety trials Farmers 10 1 30 300 2016 Screening trials Station 64 2 6 768 C3P118 2016 Variety trials Station 20 4 3 240 2016 Variety trials Farmers 10 1 30 300 2017 Variety trials Station 25 4 3 300 2017 Variety trials Farmers 10 1 30 300
Products: Grain quality phenotyping
• Improvement and transfer to IER of NIRS calibrations
• Protein content • Lipid content • Amylose content • Endosperm texture
• Grain image analysis
Grain roundness Grain color
Diarah Guindo
Capacity building • Two PhD students:
• Dramane Sako (Mali) – Genetics of panicle architecture WACCI – Ends early 2014
• Diarah Guindo (Mali) – Genetics of grain quality End Oct 2014
• Two MSc students:
• Korotimi Thera – Flowering and photoperiod sensitivity modelling and genetics
• Mohamed Tekete – Flowering time in BCNAM populations
• All part of the IBP Multi Year Course
Lessons learned MARS proof of concept: a valid procedure for sorghum breeding in Africa.
• Pitfall: “eggs in same basket” approach • Broad genetic basis: some genes with large effect • Multiple traits, multiple environments
• Relations between traits, differential expression of QTLs in various environments.
• Break some possible antagonisms between traits, test different hypothesis, design various ideotypes for various environments..
Summary
• Successful integration of : - Methodology - Tools/services - Capacity Building into sorghum national breeding programme in Mali
• Extensive evaluation to come toward variety development
• Significant change in the way of conceiving/conducting breeding
• Capacity building
Baptiste Guitton Elodie Lacut Michel Vaksmann Jean-Francois Rami Denis Lespinasse Michel Ragot
IER Niaba Témé Mamoutou Kouressy Sidy Bekaye Coulibaly Flakoro Coulibaly Yacouba Dembélé Mohamed Doumbia Mahamady Kané Korotimi Thera Dramane Sako Diarah Guindo