green urbanism timothy beatley lisbon sept 2010
DESCRIPTION
O Prof. Timothy Beatley trabalha com o conceito da RESILIÊNCIA URBANA, conceito este que assenta na prevenção do risco no planeamento urbano, da mitigação do risco nas intervenções durante catástrofes e eventos extremos e da regeneração dos sistemas urbanos. Trata-se de um conceito extremamente actual, poderoso e politicamente oportuno. A sua visão é contagiosa e geradora de consensos.TRANSCRIPT
Prof. Timothy Beatley, UVA School of Architecture
Green Urbanism: Design for Resilient and Biophilic Cities
―The cities of the 21st Century are
where human destiny will be played
out, and where the future of the
biosphere will be determined. There
will be no sustainable world without
sustainable cities.‖
--Herbert Girardet
Future Cities
Resilient
Healthy
Small Ecological Footprint
Intergenerational
What is Green Urbanism?
Biodiverse, Biophilic
Livable
Distinctive
Affordable
What Does Green Urbanism Look Like?
Renewable Energy
Solar Cities
Commitments to Transit
Local Sustainable
Food
Green and Natural
Zero Waste
Circular
Metabolism
Compact and
Walkable
Implications for Designing Cities?
The ―Melbourne Miracle‖
―Of all the things a city can do to improve
its environment, Melbourne has done
almost everything: more residents and
students, more ‗people‘ streets, squares,
lanes and parks, wider sidewalks, quality
materials, active shop frontages, fine
furnishings, new street trees and public art
programs.‖ –Jan Gehl
Impressive results…ten-fold increase
in downtown population since 1980s,
number of café seats rose 275% in
ten years, 40% increase in foot
traffic, from 2 outdoor cafes in 1973
to 356 in 2004…
Molly Dilworth’s Cool Water, Hot Island
Energy Efficiency Btu/Passenger Miles
Automobiles, SUVs, light trucks 5,255
Commuter Rail 1,612
Heavy Rail 911
Light Rail 1,152
Vastra Hamnen, Malmö
Distributed
Systems
Harvesting
Current Solar
Income
Sustainability & innovative elements:
Infrastructures and biotope
Ecoparc and District Heating and Cooling
The incinerator plant will be transformed into an Ecoparc facility
District Heating and Cooling is based on the use of the steam generated
The project involved a 3,5 km network: it will supply hot and cold water to
the buildings in and around the area of the Forum 2004
• Energy efficiency improvement: 32% reduction in primary energyconsumption; reduction in the consumption of non-renewableresources (= 1.850 tonnes of oil per year)
•Reduction of atmospheric pollution: reduction of about 5.000 tonnesof CO2/year
Environmental values
Barcelona’s Solar Budget:
Incoming solar: 14.5MJ/m2/day,
1470kWh/m2/year
28 times electric consumption of city
Building Resilience and Passive Survivability
Holy Cross Green Homes, New Orleans
Resilience Features: located in the high ground close to the river and levee (it is about 6 feet above sea level; pier foundation system to address weak soils and possible lifting from foundation from bouancy during flooding; first floor elevated another 3 feet above grade; rigid foam insulation that is less easily damaged by water and dries out more quickly; insulation placed on exterior (between sheathing and siding so it can replaced if necessary without having to damage the interior; paperless drywall on the groundfloor to preclude or limit mold growth; mechanical equipment and electrical switch box on second floor to reduce risk of water damage; windows and solar panels rated for impact from hurricane force winds.
Holy Cross, New Orleans
Vauban’s Plus-Energy Homes
North Terrace Solar Precinct
Adelaide Solar City
Sydney Green
Transformers
Windpods
Graeme Attey
Kogarah Town SquareSydney, Australia
New Forms of Urban Infrastructure
Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm
Circular Urban Metabolism
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi
From Rooftop
To Region
Melbourne’s CH2
Bioregional Supply Lines
Glocal Cities
New Ideas for
Community Sharing
Joel Salatin, Polyface Farm
Rethinking Food and Agriculture
Klingers Bakery Wheat Toast
Vermont Smoke and Cure Maple Sausage
Chapelle Farm Potatoes
Maple Meadow Farm eggs
Butterworks Farm Organic Corn with Vermont Maple BBQ dip
Ken Dunn and Kristine Geiber
Chicago City Farm
Montreal Rooftop
Gardens Project
Ismael Hautecoeur
Eva-Lanxmeer, Netherlands
Kipp Nash
Community Roots, Boulder
What is a Biophilic City?
An Outdoor/Outside
Oriented CityImportance Given to Protecting and
Restoring Nature
Nature Education and Nature
Nudging Green Neighborhoods: Every
Neighborhood Has Ample Access to
Outdoor Nature
Functional/Spatial Hierarchy:
Connected Systems of Nature and
Green Infrastructure
Fosters Connections to Local
Landscapes, History, Culture,
Unique Aspects of Place
Diverse and Multi-layered Contact
with Local Nature (e.g. including
sound, smell, other sensory
experiences)
Building Natural Social Capital
Biophilia
“…the innately emotional
affiliation of human beings to
other living organisms. Innate
means hereditary and hence part
of ultimate human nature.”
--E.O. Wilson
On the Therapy of Walking
in Nature:Study by British mental health charity MIND
―The new research…shows green exercise has
particular benefits for people experiencing mental
distress. It directly benefits mental health (lowering
stress and boosting self-esteem), improves physical
health (lowering blood pressure and helping to tackle
obesity), provides a source of meaning and purpose,
helps to develop skills and form social connections.‖
Does Nature Help Us To Be Better
Human Beings?Nature Makes Us More Generous!
―Those more immersed in natural settings
were more generous, whereas those
immersed in non-natural settings were less
likely to give. Feelings of autonomy and
nature relatedness were responsible for the
willingness to give to others, indicating that
these experiences facilitated a willingness
to promote others‘ interests as well as
one‘s own. In other words, autonomy and
relatedness encouraged participants to
focus on their intrinsic values for
relationships and community rather than on
personal gain.‖ --Weinstein, Przybylski,
and Ryan, 2009 (Univ of Rochester)
―I like to play indoors better,
‗cause that‘s where all the
electrical outlets are‖
--San Diego fourth-grader
We Have Become Profoundly
Disconnected from the Nature Around Us
Ability to Name?
0%
0%
100%
Ability to Name?
―Can you imagine a satisfactory love
relationship with someone whose name you
do not know? I can‘t. It is perhaps the
quintessentially human characteristic that we
cannot know or love what we have not
named. Names are passwords to our hearts,
and it is there, in the end, that we will find the
room for a whole world.‖ –Paul Gruchow
Largest Moth in the
World?Giant Wood Moth!
1.
2.
3.
4.
Blue Urbanism?
Soundscapes as Profound
Dimensions of Place
Charlottesville Sound Map
Soundscapes as Profound
Dimensions of Place
Charlottesville Sound Map
Soundscapes as Profound
Dimensions of Place
Charlottesville Sound Map
What is This?
Soundscapes as Profound
Dimensions of Place
Charlottesville Sound Map
Eastern Screech Owl
Networks of
Interconnected Nature
Akerselva, Oslo
Towards a Biophilic Urbanism
º
º
Free Range Kids!
Minneapolis Public Library
Nature in Unexpected Places
Caixa Forum Museum in
Madrid
Jane Martin Founder, PLANT*SF(Permeable Landscapes As
Neighborhood Treasures)
Developing Nature’s
Social Capital
Helena
KlangemoNature Guides,
Stockholm
Planning Zoöpolis
―To allow for the emergence of an ethic, practice and politics of caring for
animals and nature, we need to renaturalize cities and invite animals back
in—and in the process re-enchant the city.‖ –Jennifer Wolch
c
―Using projections of species‘
distributions for future climate
scenarios, we assess
extinction rates for sample
regions that cover some 20%
of the Earth‘s terrestrial
surface…We predict on the
basis of mid-range climate-
warming scenarios for 2050,
that 15-37% of species in our
sample of regions and taxa will
be ‗committed to extinction.‘‖
--Thomas et al, Nature, 2004
Left: Boyd's forest dragon
(Hypsilurus boydii)
Filming “The Nature of Cities” Documentary