Green engineering and green chemistry

Biotechnology Alternatives

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Replacement

Different crops (corn, sugar cane, wheat etc.) are used for the production of ethanol through fermentation

Organic waste is used for the production of methane, biogas, through fermentation

Wood can be used for the production of methanol

Extraction of metals is combined with environmental impacts. The alternative is to use recycled metals.

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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells vs Fossil Fuels and Combustion

Fossil oil products are totally dominating as fuel, that is energy carrier, for many purposes especially transport.

Alternatives now on the market include ethanol and biogas.

In the long term hydrogen appears to be an even more interesting alternative energy carrier, as it may be used in fuel cells.

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Alternatives to Heavy Metals

Organic lead (tetraethyl lead, PbEt4) as anti-knocking agents in petrol was replaced with other compounds.

Replacement of lead with alloys between tin and one or more other metals in soldering of metals.

Replacement of copper wires with optical fibers in various electric equipments.

Mercury has also been replaced in a series of other products. Thus amalgamates for repair of teeth, can today be replaced with either plastics or ceramics.

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Biotechnology Biotechnical alternatives to traditional

chemical processes are being developed and more and more introduced in large scale production processes.

Micro-organisms are being used in industrial production to produce many important chemicals, antibiotics, organic compounds and pharmaceuticals.

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Components of Biotechnology

Cultivation of biological cells for technical purposes

Genetic change of cells, also referred to as genetic engineering

Use of isolated bio-molecules, especially enzymes, for technical purposes

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Enzymes for Leather Tanning

The chemicals mainly responsible for pollution in the pre-tanning are lime, sodium sulfide, caustic soda as well as salt and degreasing solvents.

By introducing enzymatic treatment of the hides in the pre-tanning stages substantial reduction of hazardous pollutants is achieved.

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Mission: enhance and expand efforts to identify and address major

knowledge gaps in green growth theory and practice help countries design and implement green growth policy

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Molecular Design for Social and Economic Needs

Health Sustainability Converging Technologies

- Biopharmaceutical properties- Drug delivery- Drug discovery- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering- Biosensors- Computational modeling

- New catalysts- Enzymatic reactions- Hydrogen generation and storage- Renewable energy sources- Processes with low environmental risk

- Nanostructures, nanomaterials- Photonics, optoelectronics- Polymer composites- Materials technologies- Surface technologies- Computational modelling- Sensors

Pharmaceuticals Food Security Transport Industrial Processes Next Manufacturing04/21/23 Green Chemistry

Biotechnology Alternatives10

PROJECTS/PLATFORMS

1. New molecules with specific biochemical properties

2. Polymer systems for functional and structural properties

3. Novel products and processes for sustainable chemistry

4. Nano-structured systems with electronic properties

5. Molecular based design and modification of coatings

6. Enabling technologies for drug discovery

7. Predictive modeling of functionalities 04/21/23 Green Chemistry

Biotechnology Alternatives11

Progetto PM-P03 Progetto PM-P03 ““Innovative products Innovative products and processes for and processes for sustainable sustainable chemistry“chemistry“

Reuse and Reuse and Recycle of waste Recycle of waste materialsmaterials

Valorization Valorization and abatement and abatement of pollutantsof pollutants

Process Process optimizationoptimization

Hydrogen Hydrogen technologytechnology

Alternative fuelsAlternative fuels

Sustainable Sustainable production production of energyof energy

Biorefinery Biorefinery

PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic Conversion of Conversion of renewablerenewablefeedstockfeedstock

Design and development, of new synthetic processes

Improve the existing(catalytic) processes

The project strategyThe project strategy

SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY

EnergyEnergy

Efficiency Efficiency and selectivityand selectivity

Valorization of Valorization of renewablerenewableresourcesresources

ST

RA

TE

GIC

S

TR

AT

EG

IC

OB

JEC

TIV

ES

OB

JEC

TIV

ES

Environmental Environmental issuesissues

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ValorizationValorization to provide for the maintaining of the value or price of (a commercial commodity) by a government's purchasing the

Abatement Abatement suppression or termination

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HYDROLABHYDROLAB

HH22 PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION FROM NON PRODUCTION FROM NON

SULFUREUS SULFUREUS RED BACTERIA RED BACTERIA FROM VEGETAL WASTES FROM VEGETAL WASTES

AND SOLAR ENERGYAND SOLAR ENERGY

Vegetal wastes compost

Organic acids

HH22

Lactobacteria

Red bacteria

Solar energy

HighlightsHighlights

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Enhanced global warmingDepletion of resources (not only fuels!)Food shortagesShortages of potable waterPopulation growth - aging Waste & pollution

SOCIETAL CHALLANGES

FOOD +70% by 2050

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In 2009, European Member States and the European Commission identified Key

Enabling Technologies (KETs) for their potential impact in strengthening Europe's

industrial and innovation capacity.Six KETs

Nanotechnology Micro and nanoelectronics Advanced materials Photonics Industrial biotechnology Advanced manufacturing systems

KEY ENANBLIG TECHNOLOGY

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• Whilst European R&D is generally strong in new KET technologies, the HLG has observed that the transition from ideas arising from basic research to competitive

• KETs production is the weakest link in European KET enabled value chains

• The gap between basic knowledge generation and the subsequent commercialization of this knowledge in marketable products, has been commonly identified across the KETs and is known in broad terms as the "valley of death" issue.

THE “VALLEY OF DEATH”

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• This “Valley of Death” has been identified in many competitor countries, including the USA, China and Taiwan

• All have established coordinated programmes in strategically important areas that cover the full innovation chain addressing basic and applied research, demonstrators, standardization measures, deployment and market access, all at the same time and, significantly, in a logical joined-up manner.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO KETS FOR FUTURECOMPETITIVENESS: THREE PILLAR BRIDGE MODEL TO PASS ACROSS THE "VALLEY OF DEATH "

The technological research pillar based on technological facilities supported by research technology organisation;

The product development pillar based on pilot lines and demonstrator supported by industrial consortia

The competitive manufacturing pillar based on globally competitive manufacturing facilities supported by anchor companies.

INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

“the application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services.”

Main biotechnology techniques :

DNA/RNA.

Proteins and other molecules

Cell and tissue culture and engineering.

Process biotechnology techniques.

Gene and RNA vectors

Bioinformatics

Nanobiotechnology

Emerging Trend

Biological Intermediates substituting petrochemical building blocks

Synthetic biology

very important step forward, since it allows designing chemicals that would not occur by natural pathways.

to obtain “unnatural” products by modifying bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli) or modifying yeasts opens a wide new field for the production of tailor made chemicals for very different purposes.

Advanced research synthetic biology,

- At present the genetic modification of bacteria allows to obtain for example tailor recombinant polymers (protein, polysaccharides ect.) or foreseen applications as elimination of toxic residues ect.

………still limitation in process sustainability

- Sources- Energy balance in different processing steps- Environmental impact in the processing steps (chemicals, etc)- Economic balance- Product stability- Interfaces- Regulation- Ethical IssueTo overcome the limitation of actual process sustainability