Green computing

Submitted By:

Abhinav Joshi

MCA

Submitted To :

Mrs. Rajshree

What is GREEN COMPUTING

Green computing, green IT or ICT Sustainability, is the study and practice of

environmentally sustainable computing or IT.

Includes “designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing” of computers, servers, and

associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and

communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the

environment.

Green Computing is “ Where organizations adopt a policy of ensuring that the setup and

operations of Information Technology produces the minimal carbon footprint” .

HISTORY

In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star.

It’s a voluntary labeling program that is designed to promote and recognize

energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other

technologies.

In 2012 alone, American families and businesses have saved $24 billion on

utility bills.

Prevented greenhouse gas emissions equal to those from 41 million vehicles.

WHY GREEN COMPUTING? Increasing impacts on Nature.

toxicity

Pollution

Increasing impacts on Human health.

Savings

Reliability of Power

GOALS OF GREEN COMPUTING

Reduce the use of hazardous materials in the manufacturing of the systems.

Maximize energy efficiency during the product’s lifetime, and

Encourage recyclability and biodegradability of products that have reached end-of-life

List of examples of devices containing

these elements

Lead: solder, CRT monitors (Lead in glass), Lead-acid battery

Tin: solder

Copper: copper wire, printed circuit board tracks

Aluminum: nearly all electronic goods using more than a few watts of power

Iron: steel chassis, cases & fixings

Silicon: glass, transistors, ICs, Printed circuit boards

Lithium: lithium-ion battery

Zinc: plating for steel parts

APPROACHES

Virtualization

Computer virtualization is the process of running two or more logical computer systems on

one set of physical hardware.

It, provide the utility of not only running multiple virtual environments on the host system,

but also allow creating and configuring the machines as per the requirements.

The concept originated with the IBM mainframe operating systems of the 1960s, but was

commercialized for x86-compatible computers only in the 1990s.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Display

Parameter CRT LCD LED

Environmental

influences

Magnetic fields may

cause distortion or

shimmer,

earth's magnetic

fields may cause

distortion

Low temperatures can cause slow

response, high temperatures can

cause poor contrast

UV exposure can damage,

water can damage organic

materials

Energy

consumption and

heat generation

High Low with CCFL backlight 30-50%

of CRT

Varies with brightness but

usually lower than LCD

APPROACHES (contd.)

Display:- CRT

17 inch CRT requires around 90 watts

APPROACHES (contd.)

Display:- LCD

LCD monitors are lightweight, compact, occupy less space.

Consume low power and are available in a reasonable price.

The liquid crystals used in the LCD are twisted at 90o with the surface.

17 inch CRT requires around 45 watts.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Display:- LED

Basically LED monitors are the LCD monitors with a LED backlight to power up the

LCD panel.

LED displays consume less power

up to 40% less than LCD

LED displays do not use mercury

(used in cathode lamps in LCD backlight)

so they are environment friendly.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Storage

In a recent case study, Fusion-io, manufacturer of solid state storage devices,

managed to reduce the energy use and operating costs of Myspace data centers by 80%

while increasing performance speed.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Solid-State Drive(SSD)

Uses semiconductor chips, not magnetic media, to store data.

No mechanical parts.

Uses NAND flash to provide non-volatile, rewritable memory.

If a chain of transistors conducts current, it has the value of 1. If it doesn't conduct

current, it's 0.

The following bullets compare SSDs and HDDs on these critical activities:

Boot-up time (Windows 7): 22 seconds (SSD), 40 seconds (HDD)

Data read-write speed: 510-550 megabytes per second (SSD), 50-150 megabytes

per second (HDD)

Excel file open speed: 4 seconds (SSD), 14 seconds (HDD)

Finally, SSDs consume far less power than traditional hard drives, which means

they preserve battery life and stay cooler.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Material Recycling

It includes both finding another use for materials (such as donation to charity), and

having systems dismantled, in a manner that allows for the safe extraction of the

constituent materials for reuse in other products.

A hefty criticism often lobbed at reuse based recyclers is that people think that they

are recycling their electronic waste, when in reality it is actually being exported to

developing countries like China, India, and Nigeria.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Refurbished Electronics

It’s the distribution of products that have been returned to a manufacturer or

vendor for various reasons.

Refurbished products are normally tested for functionality and defects before they

are sold.

Main difference between "refurbished" and "used" products is that refurbished

products have been tested & verified to function

properly, and are thus free of defects, while

"used" products may or may not be defective.

APPROACHES (contd.)

Telecommunicating

Telecommuting technologies implemented in green computing initiatives have

advantages like

Increased worker satisfaction

reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel

increased profit margins

APPROACHES (contd.)

Green data center

It’s a repository for the storage and management of data in which the mechanical,

lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency

and minimum environmental impact.

• Minimizing the footprints of the buildings

• The use of low-emission building materials, carpets and paints

• Sustainable landscaping

• Waste recycling

• Installation of catalytic converters on backup generators

• The use of alternative energy technologies such as

photovoltaic, heat pumps, and evaporative cooling

• The use of hybrid or electric company vehicles

APPROACHES (contd.)

Cloud Computing

It means outsourcing your company’s information technology (IT) needs, from data

and storage to software. All the servers and applications sit elsewhere in the

Internet “cloud”.

A recent study from Microsoft showed that, compared to running their own

applications, by outsourcing companies can reduce the energy use and carbon

footprint of computing by up to 90 percent!

PATHWAYS TO GREEN COMPUTING

Green Design And Manufacturing

social, economic, and ecological sustainability.

A study by Gregg Pitts, director of environmental design at

Microelectronics and Computer Technology, found that direct

PC- manufacturing processes generate

3 pounds of waste for every pound of product.

IBM estimates that discarded computers will occupy 2 million

tons of US landfill space by 2000.

The US Energy Information Administration estimated that in

1995, PCs in US offices alone used 250 trillion BTUs of energy.

PATHWAYS TO GREEN COMPUTING(contd.)

Green Use

Shutdown Your Computer

Save Paper when Printing

Turn Off Peripherals to Kill the Vampires

Use print version for printing.

Use Power saving modes.

GREEN DISPOSAL

Green Disposal

Sign up for local hazardous waste collection.

Dispose of waste in the trash.

Develop a hazardous waste policy.

Substitute hazardous materials with non-hazardous materials.

GREEN COMPUTING IN INDIA

As of November 2013, India has 12 systems on the Top500 list ranking 44, 84,

100, 107, 131, 226, 316, 367, 390, 427, 428 and 429.

C-DAC developing green tech for PARAM

supercomputer

Unveiled on 8 February 2013

Cost of Rs.160 million (US$3 million).

It performs at a peak of 524 teraflop/s.

Will consume 35% less energy as compared to the existing facility.

Pune-based Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)

is designing and developing a green computing

technology for running a top end high speed PARAM supercomputer

REFRENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_computing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputing_in_India

http://www.thecarbonaccount.com/carbonexplained/

http://greenworld2010.blogspot.in/2010/05/approaches-to-green-computing.html

http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/green-data-center

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_CRT,_LCD,_Plasma,_and_OLED

http://blogs.hbr.org/2011/03/cloud-computing-is-greener/

http://zerocarboncomputing.blogspot.in/2009/09/green-computing-computing.html

http://www.eai.in/reaction2012/unique-topics/green-computing/

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=00708445