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Greek Theater Western Civilization

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Page 1: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Greek Theater

Western Civilization

Page 2: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Land

Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges

Greek civilization started in the island of Crete in 2000 BCE. Its called the Minoan civilization, after King Minos. Remember the Minotaur? Every nine years, King Minos would send 7 boys and 7 girls to a labyrinth to be eaten by this half man- half bull creature.

Page 3: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of
Page 4: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Civilizations/ Accomplishments

• The Mycenean civilization came from mainland Greece (1500 BCE). The Myceneans were soldiers, and under King Agamemnon, they battled against the city of Troy during the infamous Trojan War.

• Around 750 BCE, the Greeks developed a writing system borrowed by the Phoenicians. The Greeks invented the alphabet, resulting in literary achievements, such as epics, speeches, for commercial use, etc.

Page 5: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Land

Page 6: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

• Greeks lived in city-states (polis) ruled by a king. Even though the Greeks did not see each other as a single nation, they did feel a sense of nationality with their neighboring communities.

• Democracy was founded in Greece around 500 BCE. The most notable government was in Athens.

• City-states were patriarchal, which means that only free, native male citizens could vote and participate in politics.

• Philosophy, as a practice, began in Greece (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) around 600 BCE.

Accomplishments/ Government

Page 7: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Greek Theater

5th Century B. C.

Golden Age of Greek Drama

Dramatic festivals were popular

People witnessed tragic and comic plays

Page 8: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Roots in Worship of Dionysus

God of wine and revelry

Page 9: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Theater of Dionysus

Dionysia was an annual festival in honor of the god DionysusTheater of Dionysus was an open-air theater with room for fifteen thousand spectators

Page 10: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Theater of Dionysuscarved out of a stone hillside looked like a semicircle with steeply rising tiers of seatsMale actors performed all the rolesActors switched masks to play a number of roles – both female and male

Page 11: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

At the bottom was the rounded orchestra or performance area where the chorus sang and danced

Behind the orchestra was an open, almost bare, stage where actors spoke their lines from behind huge masks

Theater of Dionysus

Page 12: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Theater of Dionysus

Page 13: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The StageThree Main Portions of Greek Theatre:

Skene – Portion of stage where actors performed (included 1-3 doors in and out)

Orchestra – “Dancing Place” where chorus sang to the audience

Theatron – Seating for audience

Page 14: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Stage

Page 15: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Stage

Greek plays were performed during religious ceremonies held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry (altars generally on stage)

Banks would shut down for days. People would travel from all around to see the drama competitions—even prisoners were temporarily released to see the plays

Tragedy means “goat song” (relates to Dionysian rituals)

Page 16: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Stage

Page 17: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Where and how were the dramas performed?

…In an amphitheatre

…With a chorus who described most of the action.

…With masks

…With all the fighting and movement going on off stage.

….With tragedy first, then comedy later.

Page 18: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Masks of Greek Theater

Page 19: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The masks were worn for many reason including:

1. Visibility2. Acoustic Assistance3. Few Actors, Many Roles4. Characterization

Page 20: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Some general categories of masks

1. OLD MEN Smooth-Faced, White, Grizzled, Black-Haired, Flaxen and More Flaxen2. YOUNG MENCommon, Curled, More Curled, Graceful, Horrid, Pale and Less Pale3. SLAVESLeathern, Peaked-Beard, Flat Nose4. WOMENFreed Old Woman, Old Domestic, Middle Aged, Leathern, Pale-Disheveled, Pale Middle Aged, Whorish-Disheveled, Virgin, Girl5. SPECIALIST MASKSSome made for specific characters, others for: Mourning, Blindness, Deceit, Drunkenness...etc. (The comic masks, those especially of old comedy, were as like as possible to true persons they represented, or made to appear more ridiculous)

Page 21: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Masks of Greek Theater

Page 22: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of
Page 23: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Modern-day replicas

Hero-King

Comedy (Servant or Herald )

Tragedy (Weeping Chorus)

Page 24: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Major Greek Dramatists

Aeschylus 524 B.C. Seven Against Thebes

Sophocles 496 B.C. AntigoneOedipus

Euripides 480 B.C. Medea

Dramatist Born Wrote

Page 25: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Sophocles

Page 26: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Brief BioDespite the fact that his plays were mostly tragic, Sophocles had a comfortable life.

He became famous when he beat Aeschylus at age 28 in an annual competition.

He wrote 123 plays in his lifetime; won 24 prizes; wrote for 6 decades

He is considered one of the three great ancient Greek tragedians, together with Aeschylus and Euripedes

Page 27: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Theban TrilogySophocles’s famous plays are the Theban plays. It took him 36 years to write.

The plays follow a family and their many losses due to prophecy and human will.

Antigone was written first (442 BCE); Oedipus the King came second (429 BCE); Oedipus at Colonus was last (406 BCE).

However, according to the timeline of the story, Antigone comes last.

Page 28: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Myths played a key rolein Greek drama

Page 29: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Myths – Why they were written

1. Explained the unexplainable

2. Justified religious practices

3. Gave credibility to leaders

4. Gave hope

5. Polytheistic (more than one god); Centered around the twelve Olympians (primary Greek gods)

Page 30: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Explained the Unexplainable

When Echo tried to get Narcissus to love her, she was denied.

Saddened, she shriveled to nothing, her existence melting into a rock.

Only her voice remained.

Hence, the echo!

Page 31: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

To justify religious practices

Dionysian cults in ancient Greece were founded to worship Dionysus, god of grapes, vegetation, and wine.

Page 32: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

To give credibility to leaders

Used myths to create family trees for their

leaders, enforcing the made-up idea that the emperors were related to the

gods and were, then, demigods.

Page 33: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

To give hope

The ancient citizens of Greece would sacrifice and pray to an ORACLE.

An oracle was a priest or priestess who would send a message to the gods from mortals who brought their requests.

Where DID hope come from?

After unleashing suffering, famine, disease, and many other evils, the last thing Pandora let

out was HOPE.

Page 34: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Oracle of Delphi

Page 35: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Oracle of Delphi

The Oracle of Delphi, also known as the Pythia, was a religious institution established in 800 BCE in honor of Apollo.

Priestesses or priests would reside there, and once a month, they would prophesy.

Supplicants would travel to Delphi for advice, be interviewed by the priests, visit with the Oracle and travel back home to put their plan into action.

Page 36: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Oracle of Delphi

Page 37: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Delphi

Page 38: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Polytheistic ReligionMount Olympus is where the

Olympians lived.

Who are the Olympians?

Page 39: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Olympians Are the 12 Main Gods

Page 40: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The Olympians

Page 41: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Zeus

King of gods

Heaven

Storms

Thunder

lightning

Page 42: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Poseidon

Zeus’s brother

King of the sea

Earthquakes

Horses

Page 43: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Hades

Brother to Zeus and Poseidon

King of the Underworld (Tartarus)

Husband of Persphone

Page 44: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

AresGod of war

Page 45: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Hephaestus

God of fire

Craftspeople

Metalworkers

Artisans

Page 46: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Apollo

God of the sun

Music

Poetry

Fine arts

Medicine

Page 47: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Hermes

Messenger to the gods

Trade

Commerce

Travelers

Thieves & scoundrels

Page 48: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Dionysus

God of Wine

Partying (Revelry)

Page 49: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Hera

Queen of gods

Women

Marriage

Childbirth

Page 50: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Demeter

Goddess of Harvest

Agriculture

Fertility

Fruitfulness

Mom to Persephone

Page 51: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Hestia

Goddess of Hearth

Home

Community

Page 52: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Athena

Goddess of wisdom

Practical arts

War

Page 53: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty

Page 54: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

Artemis

Goddess of hunting and the moon.

Page 55: Greek Theater Western Civilization. The Land Greece has many inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges Greek civilization started in the island of

The End


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