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Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE

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Page 1: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE

Page 2: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Greek Civilization1750 BCE – 133 BCE

Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island of Crete, around 1700 BC. Evidence shows extensive trade and a very advanced culture, which was exported to mainland Greece at Mycenaea.

Mycenaea

Click here for online information about Mycenaean culture.

How did the geography of Greece present obstacles to a unified Greek country?

Page 3: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Minoan Civilization• Minoan Civilization was one of the earliest

examples of what has come to be called Greek civilization.

• Minoans were trading at the same time as the Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians.

The Minoan Civilization may have been the foundation for the story of Atlantis.

The Palace at Knossos. Click here for more pictures of the palace.

Click here for more about the Minoans.

Page 4: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Minoan Civilization

Page 5: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Minoan Civilization

'Prince with the Lilies' or 'Priest King' Fresco (Knossos,

Bull Vaulting Fresco

Page 6: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Minoan Civilization

Page 7: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Mycenaeans1600 BC – 1200 BC

Sea traders – beyond Aegean to Sicily, Italy, Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Warriors, living in several city states. The Mycenaean city state became the mainland Greek

civilization. Best known for Trojan War.

Click here and on the pictures for more information about Mycenaeans and the Trojan War.

Page 8: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Athens and Sparta(Click above for a web chart comparison of Athens and Sparta.

Use this website to complete the chart on the next slide.)

1200 – 1 BCE

• Greece itself was made up of separate city-states, which were constantly at war.• Define city-state• City-state definition: Political unit made up of a

city and the surrounding lands.• Two major city-states: Athens and Sparta.• Create a chart on your own paper like the one

which follows.

Page 9: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

• Athens• Government:

• Soldiers and the Military:

• Slaves:

• Women:

• Education:

• Sparta• Government:

• Soldiers and the Military:

• Slaves:

• Women:

• Education:

Page 10: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

• Athens• Government: • Limited democracy (only male citizens

could participate), Council of 500 which made the laws, voting Assembly.

• Soldiers and the Military: • Citizen soldiers – only during wartime.

Athens was in charge of the Delian League when Greece was attacked by Persia.

• Slaves: • No political rights or freedoms. Owned

by individuals• Women: • Cared for the home, limited political

rights.• Education:• Upper class boys only. Military training

and preparation for government involvement. Knowledge was important for a democratic government. A great importance placed on artistic endeavor and philosophy.

• Sparta• Government: • Two kings (military generals) and a

council of elders. Citizens were male, native born, over 30. Only they could vote.

• Soldiers: • Military society, all males prepared to

be soldiers from birth. Soldiers from age 7 – 30.

• Slaves• Owned by the State• Women: • Prepared physically for fighting, right to

inherit property, must obey men.• Education:• Boys only. Military based training from

age 7. Taught to fight. Prohibition against trade, travel and mixing with other city-states.

Page 11: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Persian Wars490 – 479 BCE

The Greek city-states did not unite until faced with a common enemy: Persia

Page 12: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Delian League

By 479 BC, the Greeks had defeated the Persians on land in Asia Minor and stopped their advance.

Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful city-state in Greece.

To continue the struggle against Persia, it organized the Delian League, an alliance with the other Greek city states.

Athens dominated the Delian League and used its wealth to create an Athenian empire.

Page 13: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Athens – The City Pericles Built Leader: Pericles Direct Democracy – Citizen assembly voted

directly on laws Huge construction projects – Acropolis and

Parthenon rebuilt Emphasis on arts, architecture, philosophy

and medicine

Page 14: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Democracy of Athens

Page 15: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Healing in Ancient Greece

Page 16: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Hippocrates

• Lived in about 460 B.C.• Most historians believed that he wrote between 60

and 70 medical studies.• Taught that disease come from natural causes• “…rest, fresh air, and a proper diet made the best

cures…”• Medical treatments should be based on reason

rather than magic

Page 17: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Hippocrates• Hippocrates is generally credited with turning

away from divine notions of medicine and using observation of the body as a basis for medical knowledge.

• Prayers and sacrifices to the gods did not hold a central place in his theories, but changes in diet, beneficial drugs, and keeping the body "in balance" were the key.

• Central to his physiology and ideas on illness was the humoral theory of health, whereby the four bodily fluids, or humors, of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile needed to be kept in balance.

• Illness was caused when these fluids became out of balance, sometimes requiring the reduction in the body of a humor through bloodletting or purging.

Page 18: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Hippocratic Oath• The Hippocratic Oath (OrkoV) is perhaps the most widely known

of Greek medical texts. It requires a new physician to swear upon a number of healing gods that he will uphold a number of professional ethical standards. One of the best known prohibitions is, "to do no harm"

• “I will use those dietary regimens which will benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and I will do no harm or injustice to them. “

• “I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a pessary (stone) to cause an abortion.”

• “Whatever I see or hear in the lives of my patients, whether in connection with my professional practice or not, which ought not to be spoken of outside, I will keep secret, as considering all such things to be private.”

Page 19: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Athens – Conquered by Sparta

In 404 BC, Sparta attacked and conquered the fading Athenian empire in what came to be know as the Peloponnesian War. For the next century, fighting continued to dominate the Greek city-states. By 359 BC, the Macedonians from the north, under the leadership of Philip II invaded and conquered all of Greece.

Page 20: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Government Direct democracy; citizens rule by majority vote Written code of laws Citizens bring charges of wrongdoing; trail by jury Expansion of citizenship to all free adult males, except foreigners

Arts Drama and poetry Sculpture portraying ideals of beauty Painted pottery showing scenes of Greek life Classical Architecture

The Legacy of Greece

Page 21: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

The Greek Legacy Continued

Culture

Greek Language Mythology about gods and goddesses Olympic Games Philosophers search for truth

Science and Technology Disagreement whether sun or earth was the center of the universe Accurate estimate of the circumference of earth Euclid’s Geometry text book Development of lever, pulley, pump

Page 22: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Athenian and United States Democracy

Both DemocraciesPolitical power exercised by citizensThree branches of governmentLegislative branch passes lawsExecutive branch carries out lawsJudicial branch conducts trials with paid jurors

Athenian DemocracyCitizens: male; 18 years old; born of citizen parentsLaws voted on and proposed directly by assembly of all citizensLeaders chosen by lotExecutive branch composed of a council of 500 menJuries varied in sizeNo attorneys; no appeals; one-day trials

United States DemocracyCitizens: born in United States or completed citizenship processRepresentatives elected to propose and vote on lawsElected presidentExecutive branch made up of elected and appointed officialsJuries composed of 12 jurorsDefendants and plaintiffs have attorneys; long appeals process

Page 23: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Alexander’s Empire: Hellenistic Period 338-100 BCE

Page 24: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

The World of Alexander the Great 359 BC – 323 BC

Philip of Macedonia

Philip conquered Greece in 359 BC

His next conquest was to be the Persian empire.

The Macedonian army was the most superbly trained in the world. It made use of the phalanx configuration.

Philip was assassinated before he could attack and conquer Persia.

His son, Alexander (20)– took the throne.

Page 25: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

• Over the course of the next eleven years, Alexander proceeded to conquer the entire Persian empire.

• When Darius surrendered, Alexander took over all of his realm and his possessions.

• Alexander even married Darius daughter!

Alexander

Page 26: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Write a short paragraph in which you compare and contrast the extent of Alexander’s Empire as opposed to the Persian Empire

Page 27: Greece: Classical Athens 500-430 BCE Greek Civilization 1750 BCE – 133 BCE Early Minoan civilization – the forerunner for Greece - began on the island

Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his empire began to divide and dissolve. However, Alexander left behind a legacy of Greek thought, language and custom that survives in part today.

The Legacy of Alexander

Local cultures assimilated Greek ideas and language. They became Hellenic – or “Greek like” The Hellenistic Age is the age of world wide Greek culture after Alexander.

Left behind the idea that all people are morally equal. Aided in the spread of Christianity.

Encouraged the work of scholars. Built libraries all over the empire – especially at Alexandria, Egypt. Emphasized mathematics, medicine, science and philosophy.