CH 4

Greece and Rome

I. General Information

Greece and Rome greatly influenced the western world US Constitution Architecture

Rome helped spread Christianity (indirectly)Rome was greatly influenced by Greek

history

I. General Information

Rome Vs. Greece Rome

Mighty Empire Mastery of Engineering

Greece City-states Scientific Thought (philosophy)

Similarities Political Ideas (Democracy and Republic) Religion Artistic Styles Economy (agricultural with heavy trade)

II. Greece

Earliest society was on Crete (Myceneans) The civilization involved in the Trojan War Later invaded the Peloponnesus (Greece)

Led to the Greek Dark Ages (1150-800 BC) Became known as the Greeks or the Hellenes

II. Greece

Archaic Period (800-500BC) The city-states soon developed Warred against each other unless invaded

Xerxes and the Persians (492-490 & 480-479 BC) Main cities were Athens and Sparta

Athens- democratic (508 BC) and philosophic Sparta- oligarchy and militaristic

Pericles- peak of Athens democracy Influenced the government through negotiations All men were expected to participate

II. Greece

Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) Sparta and its allies defeated Athens and its allies Greatly weakened the city-states Allowed Phillip II of Macedon to take over

Alexander the Great Son of Phillip II Expanded the Macedonian empire into Asia Spread Greek culture Founded Alexandria in Egypt

II. Greece

II. Greece

Culture Socrates

Question everything to improve it Plato

Student of Socrates Human reasoning can help understand the world

Aristotle Student of Plato Stressed moderation

Sophocles Dramatist Oedipus Rex and Antigone

Homer “Historian” Iliad and Odyssey

II. Greece

Contributions Democracy Socratic Method

Philosophy Olympics Pythagorean Theorem Anatomy Architecture

III. Rome

Began as a Roman monarch around 800 BC Etruscans

Monarchy overthrown by Roman Aristocrats 509 BC Became the Roman Republic

III. Rome

Romans were paranoid about invasion Expanded their territory

Punic Wars (264- 146 BC) Result of Roman expansion 3 wars with Carthage 1st Punic War was over Sicily 2nd Punic War- Hannibal invades through the Alps 3rd Punic War- Rome attack Carthage and ends the

war

III. Rome

End of the Republic Executive branch was made up of 2 Counsels Julius Caesar was invading Gaul and Pompey had a

disagreement Crosses the Rubicon 45 BC and overthrew Pompey to

become dictator. "alea iacta est" – the die is cast. Julius Caesar assassinated by Senate on March 15 44

BC After Civil War Octavian Caesar Augustus takes over

as “emperor” (27 BC) Led to Pax Romana (27 BC- 180 AD) Pax Romana ends with death of Marcus Aurelius who

expanded to Britain

III. Rome

Christianity Originated with Jesus Christ of Nazareth Was able to spread throughout the “known” world due

to Roman Roads Apostle Paul traveled heavily on these roads Heavily persecuted by emperors due to refusal to give

1st allegiance to empire Nero, Diocletian and Marcus Aurelius Constantine converted which ended the persecution(313

AD) Moved capital to Constantinople and divided into 2

halfs

III. Rome

Fall of Rome Invaded by the Barbarians

Goths and Huns Incompetent emperors Eventually fell in 476 AD Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 with its capital in

Constantinople

Side Note- Gladiator games offered free bread 3x a day as well as entertainment (heavy welfare dependence help lead to the fall?)

III. Rome

Visigoths

III. Rome

Heavy Metal German Goth

III. Rome

Laws Twelve Tables (450 BC)

Helped protect the rights of citizens Regulated commerce

Religious tolerance Allowed all religions as long as they gave allegiance to

Rome 1st

Local Rule Allowed conquered regions to rule themselves but submit

to Roman law Citizenship

Naturalized citizens

III. Rome

Contributions Arches Republic

Senate Christianity Cement