greece!!!! 3000 bc – 300 bc. 1 st greeks minoans minoans –lived on the island of crete
TRANSCRIPT
GREECE!!!!GREECE!!!!
3000 BC – 300 BC3000 BC – 300 BC
11stst Greeks Greeks
• MinoansMinoans– Lived on the island of CreteLived on the island of Crete
GeographyGeography
2 things that shaped Greece life2 things that shaped Greece life– Mts. and SeasMts. and Seas– Mts. cover about 2/3 of GreeceMts. cover about 2/3 of Greece
EffectsEffects
• Small City-StatesSmall City-States
• Fiercely Independent Fiercely Independent
ClimateClimate
• Great weatherGreat weather– Men activities - outsideMen activities - outside
MycenaeansMycenaeans
• Indo-Europeans – settled mainland in Indo-Europeans – settled mainland in 2000 BC2000 BC
• Contacted Minoans - 1500 BCContacted Minoans - 1500 BC
• Took over as main GreeksTook over as main Greeks
Trojan WarTrojan War
• 1200 BC – 10 yr war between 1200 BC – 10 yr war between Mycenaeans and TrojansMycenaeans and Trojans
HomerHomer
• A Blind Poet A Blind Poet – Illiad and OdysseyIlliad and Odyssey
– Oral traditions – written down after his Oral traditions – written down after his death death
Which one is real???Which one is real???
Arete (ar-uh-TAY)Arete (ar-uh-TAY)
• Virtue and Excellence!!Virtue and Excellence!!
ANCIENT GREECE -PHILOSOPHERS
“Lovers of Wisdom”
Two Main Ideas
The universe is put together in an orderly way – subject to absolute and unchanging laws
People can understand these laws through logic and reason
SOCRATES!!!
(cont.)
Wanted Greeks to question themselves and their moral character
(cont.)
“The unexamined life is not worth living”
(cont.)
Socrates asked people a series of leading questions to show that people hold many contradictory opinions.
Socratic Method
Purpose: The student comes either to the desired
knowledge by answering the questions or to a deeper awareness of the limits of knowledge.
Plato
Student of Socrates
Wrote The Republic – his vision of a perfectly governed society
The Republic
Leader – Philosopher/King
Three social classes
Aristotle
Questioned the nature of the world.
Why does the world work the way it does? Used logic
Doesn’t just say “B/c the Gods did it!”
(cont.)
Tutored Alexander the Great (Macedonia) in 343 BC
Pericles
Leader during Golden Age in AthensIncreased paid public officials
Created direct democracy
Glorified Athens
Pericles / Delian League
Used money from D. L. to increase Athenian Navy
“ ” to beautify Athens
Athens – started bullying other poleis
Pericles
Had Parthenon Built
(cont.)
Peloponnesian city-states began resisting Athens
Drama and History
2 TypesComedyTragedy
○ a serious drama○ One main character – hero○ Hero - Extraordinary abilities○ Hero had a tragic flaw
Herodotus484 BC–c. 425 BC
1st Historian
Recorded the Persian Wars
Peloponnesian War
War between Spartan and Athens
Sparta declares war in 431 BC
WHY???
(cont.)
What type of war did Sparta want to fight??
What type did Athens want??
(cont.)
Sparta – land battles – burned Athenian food supply
Pericles – gathered everyone behind Athenian wall
(cont.)
What happened when all these people were crammed behind a city wall with limited amounts of food? They couldn’t leave.
PLAGUE!!!
1/3 of Athenian population was killed
Signed a truce in 421 BC
LIARS!!!
Athens – LIARS!
415 BC – Attacked Sparta’s ally
Athenian military was completely destroyed
Athens lost everything – no longer a power
356 BC - 323 BC
Phillip II (359 BC)
Macedonian King
Most Macedonians thought of themselves as Greeks
Greeks didn’t feel the same • Thought M’s were barbaric
Phillip turned peasant class into trained professional army
Used phalanx
Set his eyes on Greece
Why was Phillip II able to conquer the Great civilization of Greece????
PERSIA
Alexander takes over as king at age 20
Strict and organized leader
• Ex. - Thebes
Goes after Persia in 334 BC
Although outnumbered he defeats Darius III
Darius III tries to negotiate
NOT A CHANCE!!!
Alexander says he will conquer the entire Persian Empire…..and he eventually does
Marched into Egypt - welcomed as a pharaoh
Founded the city Alexandria (11 times)
Meets Darius again in Persia – wins
Persepolis (Persian capital) burns to the ground
Why?
After 11 years of fighting his troops want to turn back
On his way back Alexander dies