Grant Writing IntroductionGrant Writing Introduction

Overview of Grantwriting Overview of Grantwriting NIHNIH

Grant Writing IntroductionGrant Writing Introduction OverviewOverview

Why Seek Funding? It:Why Seek Funding? It:

Provides resources (e.g., time/money/RAs) to enable research.Provides resources (e.g., time/money/RAs) to enable research.Attracts top students.Attracts top students.Can enhance salary (up to 3 months funded summer support).Can enhance salary (up to 3 months funded summer support).Enables interdisciplinary (and other) collaborations (you can pay other Enables interdisciplinary (and other) collaborations (you can pay other people to work on the project).people to work on the project).Often viewed as a measure of quality research by Deans and others.Often viewed as a measure of quality research by Deans and others.Facilitates tenure (required in some programs).Facilitates tenure (required in some programs).Supports your unit/University (overhead, reputation).Supports your unit/University (overhead, reputation).Enhances the reputation of communication field.Enhances the reputation of communication field.

What are Potential Sources of Funding?What are Potential Sources of Funding?Foundations/Corporate Sources of FundsFoundations/Corporate Sources of Funds+ Internal University Resources+ Internal University Resources Overall possibilities: Overall possibilities:

–http://www.infoed.org/new_spin/spinmain.asphttp://www.infoed.org/new_spin/spinmain.asp Foundations Foundations

http://http://foundationcenter.org/findfundersfoundationcenter.org/findfunders// http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/rfp/cat_education.jhtml;jsessionidhttp://foundationcenter.org/pnd/rfp/cat_education.jhtml;jsessionid=XMUBUJN4SKHEPTQRSI4CGW15AAAACI2F=XMUBUJN4SKHEPTQRSI4CGW15AAAACI2F For example Spencer foundation- For example Spencer foundation- http://www.spencer.org/programs/grants/research_grants.htmhttp://www.spencer.org/programs/grants/research_grants.htm

http://www.agmconnect.org/RCP/guide1.htmhttp://www.agmconnect.org/RCP/guide1.htm CorporateCorporate

http://foundationcenter.org/findfunders/topfunders/top50giving.htmlhttp://foundationcenter.org/findfunders/topfunders/top50giving.html (top 50 corporate funders) (top 50 corporate funders) http://www.ncte.org/about/grants/sources/107742.htmhttp://www.ncte.org/about/grants/sources/107742.htm••Internal funds Internal funds http://www/usc.edu/research/vice_provost/awards/zumberge.htmlhttp://www/usc.edu/research/vice_provost/awards/zumberge.html

Do you have a Do you have a Commercialization Partner?Commercialization Partner?

Would the research you’d like to do be relevant Would the research you’d like to do be relevant to product development for commercialization? to product development for commercialization? a marketing strategy? Validating the a marketing strategy? Validating the effectiveness of a product? Then the following effectiveness of a product? Then the following might be a good way to go (especially if you might be a good way to go (especially if you have a corporate, experienced grant-getting have a corporate, experienced grant-getting partner with connections (e.g., to DOD):partner with connections (e.g., to DOD):– SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) Award SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) Award

MechanismsMechanisms– STTR (Small Business Technology Transfer) Award STTR (Small Business Technology Transfer) Award

MechanismsMechanisms

State Agencies (California) State Agencies (California) http://http://www.ucop.edu/srphomewww.ucop.edu/srphome//

University AIDS Research ProgramUniversity AIDS Research Program– http://uarp.ucop.edu/http://uarp.ucop.edu/

California Breast Cancer Research California Breast Cancer Research ProgramProgram– http://www.cbcrp.org/research/http://www.cbcrp.org/research/

National Science Foundation National Science Foundation –http://www.nsf.govhttp://www.nsf.gov

Dept. of Health and Human ResourcesDept. of Health and Human Resources –NIH NIH http://http://www.nih.govwww.nih.gov –Office of Minority Health http://www.cdc.gov/omh Office of Minority Health http://www.cdc.gov/omh

Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Adm.Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Adm.–http://www/http://www/samhsa.gov/index.aspxsamhsa.gov/index.aspx

CDC CDC –http://http://www.cdc.govwww.cdc.gov

Administration on Aging Administration on Aging –http://www.aoa.gov/http://www.aoa.gov/

Sources of Federal Sources of Federal Government FundingGovernment Funding

http://www.grants.gov/http://www.grants.gov/http://www.fedbizopps.gov/ http://www.fedbizopps.gov/ http://www.bnl.gov/techxfer/wfo/wfo_federal.asp

Defense Grants Defense Grants –http://www.acq.osd.mil/ddre/research/ http://www.acq.osd.mil/ddre/research/

DTRA DTRA –http://www.dtra.mil/ http://www.dtra.mil/

DARPADARPA– http://www.darpa.mil/ http://www.darpa.mil/

AFRL(AFOSR) AFRL(AFOSR) –http://www.afosr.af.mil/ http://www.afosr.af.mil/

ARO ARO –http://www.arl.army.mil/main/main/default.cfm?Action=29&Page=29 http://www.arl.army.mil/main/main/default.cfm?Action=29&Page=29

ONR ONR –http://www.onr.navy.mil/default.asphttp://www.onr.navy.mil/default.asp

Department of EducationDepartment of Education –http://www.ed.gov/index.jhtml http://www.ed.gov/index.jhtml

–http://www.ed.gov/fund/grant/apply/grantapps/index.htmlhttp://www.ed.gov/fund/grant/apply/grantapps/index.html

Sources of Federal Sources of Federal Government FundingGovernment Funding

Grant FundingGrant FundingWhat’s the Match?What’s the Match?

–What are you bringing to the What are you bringing to the table?table?–What do they want? How can you What do they want? How can you tell?tell?

What’s the Match?What’s the Match?YouYou What’s your 5-year What’s your 5-year

strategic plan for your strategic plan for your career?career?

How does this project fit How does this project fit into it? into it? – resources, expertise, resources, expertise,

skills have or could skills have or could leverage, build?leverage, build?

FunderFunder Who funds projects Who funds projects

relevant to your goals?relevant to your goals? What’s the match What’s the match

between your goals and between your goals and agency’s goals/mission/ agency’s goals/mission/ funding priorities, funding priorities, constraints, cost/benefit constraints, cost/benefit analysis?analysis?

Do they provide Do they provide awarded grant awarded grant abstracts to check on abstracts to check on the match?the match?

NIHNIH••NIH: Funding Agency Focus NIH: Funding Agency Focus

••Background on NIHBackground on NIH

How Are The NIH Institutes How Are The NIH Institutes Organized?Organized?

How Are The NIH Institutes How Are The NIH Institutes Organized?Organized?

DirectorDirectorDirectorDirector

Intramural Intramural ProgramProgram

Intramural Intramural ProgramProgram

Extramural Extramural ProgramProgram

Extramural Extramural ProgramProgram

Research Laboratories Research Laboratories on NIH Campus and on NIH Campus and

ElsewhereElsewhere

Research Laboratories Research Laboratories on NIH Campus and on NIH Campus and

ElsewhereElsewhere

Divisions/Centers/Divisions/Centers/BranchesBranches

(Managing External Funding)(Managing External Funding)

Divisions/Centers/Divisions/Centers/BranchesBranches

(Managing External Funding)(Managing External Funding)

IntramuralIntramural DirectorDirectorIntramuralIntramural DirectorDirector Extramural DirectorExtramural DirectorExtramural DirectorExtramural Director

NIH Extramural Funding ComponentsNIH Extramural Funding ComponentsNIH Extramural Funding ComponentsNIH Extramural Funding ComponentsHow Is The NIH Organized?How Is The NIH Organized? How Is The NIH Organized?How Is The NIH Organized?

INSTITUTES CENTERS

National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Center for Complementary and National Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)

National Institute on Aging (NIA) Center for Research Resources (NCRR)

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

John E. Fogarty International Center (FIC)

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD)

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center (CC)*

National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)

Center for Scientific Review (CSR)

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Center for Information Technology

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Division of Safety (DS)*

National Library of Medicine (NLM)

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)

National Eye Institute (NEI)

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR)

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) *Does not make Extramural Awards

NIH: Funding Agency FocusNIH: Funding Agency FocusWhich Agency will review Which Agency will review your proposal? This could your proposal? This could impact your funding success.impact your funding success. Start with an overall description of each located here:

http://www.nih.gov/icd/

Which Agency at NIH?Which Agency at NIH?• Click on the link to the Center for Scientific Review

• http://cms.csr.nih.gov/ Under “Peer Review Meetings” select •Review group descriptions (check these out)•Study Section Rosters (click link); Check these people out!

• Decide if there are any RFA (set asides), RFPs (conracts) that might be relevant to your work you want to apply for,these might be funded by specific agencies.

• Determine probability of funding via a given agency http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/success.htm

• Check out grants funded by a given agency http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/

Success Rates by Institutes Success Rates by Institutes http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/success/Success_ByIC.cfmhttp://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/success/Success_ByIC.cfm (2005)(2005)

Institute orCenter

SuccessRate

#Awarded

Total Cost Awarded

SuccessRate

NCI 6,325 1,292 439,817,442

20.40%

NIAAA 666 203 65,869,642

30.50%

NIAID 4611 1,164 490,432,321

25.20%

NICHD 2,835 505 142,877,320

17.80%

NIMH 2,710 569 178,136,443

21.00%

Which Award Mechanism?Which Award Mechanism?If you don’t already have your Ph.D.:If you don’t already have your Ph.D.: F31 Minority Supplement (Must be African American, F31 Minority Supplement (Must be African American, Hispanic, Native American, Alaskan Native, or Pacific Hispanic, Native American, Alaskan Native, or Pacific Islander) or Supplement for disabled students.Islander) or Supplement for disabled students. F30 Individual Predoctoral Awards (Must be enrolled in F30 Individual Predoctoral Awards (Must be enrolled in MD/Ph.D. program) MD/Ph.D. program) F31 Predoctoral Fellowship Awards (Must have F31 Predoctoral Fellowship Awards (Must have completed qualifying exams; for dissertation completed qualifying exams; for dissertation research/training)research/training) Training Grants (faculty have to submit these but you Training Grants (faculty have to submit these but you could work on these with them)could work on these with them)

Which Award Mechanism?Which Award Mechanism?If you have your Ph.D. and need more mentoring If you have your Ph.D. and need more mentoring (new (new investigator- no prior NIH funding investigator- no prior NIH funding orange awardsorange awards):): K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (3-5 years of additional K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (3-5 years of additional supervised research)supervised research) K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (if switching to K25 Mentored Quantitative Research Career Development Award (if switching to biomedical field with background in statistics/math; previous background not focused biomedical field with background in statistics/math; previous background not focused on disease).•F32 Individual Postdoctoral Fellowship (in similar field)on disease).•F32 Individual Postdoctoral Fellowship (in similar field)

Don’t need 3-5 years additional supervised research experience (but haven’t Don’t need 3-5 years additional supervised research experience (but haven’t competed successfully for funding yet):competed successfully for funding yet):

K22: Career Transition AwardK22: Career Transition Award K23: Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (need clinical K23: Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award (need clinical doctoral degree or equivalent)•K08: Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award doctoral degree or equivalent)•K08: Mentored Clinical Scientist Development Award (Clinical Doctoral Degree) (Clinical Doctoral Degree) K24 Midcareer investigator award in Patient oriented researc•K26 Midcareer K24 Midcareer investigator award in Patient oriented researc•K26 Midcareer investigator award in Mouse Pathobiology Researchinvestigator award in Mouse Pathobiology Research RO3: Small Grant (not much preliminary data)RO3: Small Grant (not much preliminary data) R01: Traditional Research Grants (note new investigator status if you are one)R01: Traditional Research Grants (note new investigator status if you are one) R15: Area grants (restricted by institutional NIH activity)R15: Area grants (restricted by institutional NIH activity) R21: Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant (up to 275K; 2 years)R21: Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant (up to 275K; 2 years)

Agency Review Criteria (NIH)Agency Review Criteria (NIH)

SignificanceSignificance ApproachApproach InnovationInnovation InvestigatorsInvestigators EnvironmentEnvironment OtherOther

Significance Significance (also see (also see Gerin, W. (2006). Writing the NIH Grant Proposal: A Step-by-Step Guide . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; buy this book if you are thinking about writing an NIH grant-- very helpful!)) Does the study address an important problem?Does the study address an important problem? If the aims of the application are achieved, how will If the aims of the application are achieved, how will scientific knowledge or clinical practice be advanced?scientific knowledge or clinical practice be advanced? What will be the effect of these studies on the What will be the effect of these studies on the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?field?

Approach Approach Are the conceptual or clinical Are the conceptual or clinical framework, design, methods, and framework, design, methods, and analyses adequately developed, well analyses adequately developed, well integrated, well reasoned, and integrated, well reasoned, and appropriate to the aims of the project?appropriate to the aims of the project? Does the applicant acknowledge Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider potential problem areas and consider

alternative tactics?alternative tactics?

InnovationInnovation Is the project original and innovative?Is the project original and innovative?

– For example, does the project challenge existing For example, does the project challenge existing paradigms or clinical practice? paradigms or clinical practice? –Does it address an innovative hypothesis or Does it address an innovative hypothesis or critical barrier to progress in the field? critical barrier to progress in the field? –Does the project develop or employ novel Does the project develop or employ novel concepts, approaches, methodologies, tools, or concepts, approaches, methodologies, tools, or technologies for this area?technologies for this area?

InvestigatorsInvestigators Are the investigators appropriately Are the investigators appropriately trained and well suited to carry out this trained and well suited to carry out this work? work? Is the work proposed appropriate to Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level of the principal the experience level of the principal investigator (PI) and other researchers?investigator (PI) and other researchers? Does the investigative team bring Does the investigative team bring complementary and integrated expertise complementary and integrated expertise to the project?to the project?

EnvironmentEnvironment Does the scientific environment in which the Does the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability work will be done contribute to the probability of success? of success? Do the proposed studies benefit from unique Do the proposed studies benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, or features of the scientific environment, or subject populations, or employ useful subject populations, or employ useful collaborative arrangements? collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support?Is there evidence of institutional support?

OtherOther Protection of Human SubjectsProtection of Human Subjects Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and ChildrenChildren Care and Use of Vertebrate AnimalsCare and Use of Vertebrate Animals Budget Budget Foreign applicationsForeign applications

First Step in Writing a New GrantFirst Step in Writing a New GrantWhat do we need to do? What do we need to do? How will this get done? By whom? In How will this get done? By whom? In

what order? How will you coordinate what order? How will you coordinate with one another and the PIs?with one another and the PIs?

••Specific Aims (1 page)Specific Aims (1 page)

Include hypotheses/questionsInclude hypotheses/questions

••Review Work Done (1 page)Review Work Done (1 page)

Include Preliminary workInclude Preliminary work

Include Literature reviewInclude Literature review

References (10+)References (10+)

••Think about/brainstorm regarding Pilot Think about/brainstorm regarding Pilot Studies (be able to talk about these)Studies (be able to talk about these)

••Identify Grant Source Possibilities Identify Grant Source Possibilities (consider criteria including possible (consider criteria including possible success rates)success rates)

••Identify Potential Reviewers (detail Identify Potential Reviewers (detail analysis of these individuals and analysis of these individuals and chances of funding for alternative chances of funding for alternative possibilities)possibilities)