grammer book
TRANSCRIPT
Blanca Birdsong
Table of contents Imperfect preterite
Preterite : -car, -gar,-zar; spock, cucaracha; snake
Modal verbs
Adverbs
Progressive : present & past
Future – irregular
Superlatives
Preterite
-ar -er/ir
e i
aste iste
o io
amos imos
aron ieron
Preterite (past) Tense
-ar
• -é
• -aste
• -ó
• -amos
• -aron
-er/ir
• -í
• -iste
• -ió
• imos
• ieron
Preterite
TOCAR
Toque
Tocaste
Toco
Tocamos
Tocaron
JUGAR
Jugue
Jugaste
Jugo
Jugamos
Jugaron
COMENZAR
Comence
Comenzaste
Comenzo
Comenzamos
Comezaron
Preterite continued
car
• yo
• Qué
gar
• yo
• gué
zar
• yo
• cé
Sacar : c -> qu (yo) saqué
Pagar: g -> gu (yo) pagué
Empezar: z-> c (yo) empecé
hacer
Hice
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hiceron
ir/ser
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
Dar(d)/Ver(v)
i
Iste
ió
Imos
ieron
Spock (irregular preteriteverbs)
Preterite Trigger Words
Ayer
Anoche
Anteayer
La semana pasada
El año pasado
cucaracha
snake
Modal Verbsir a infinitive
poder infinitive(one able to
do something)
querer infinitive(want to do something)
deber infinitive(should do something)
Tenerque
infinitive(To have to
do something)
soler infinitive(to be
accustomed to)
Los adverbios
adjective
Claro
Constante
Feminine Form
Clara
Constante
Adverb
Claramente
Constantemente
Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending corresponds to –ly in English. –E ending does not change r in constenant.
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the –menteending. Note the adverb is the same as the feminine singular form of the adjective.Ex:Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.
Irregular adverbs: Mucho- a lot Muy- very bastante- quite enough Mal- bad Bien- good Ya- already Tan- so Demasiado- too Siempre- always Nunca- never Poco- little Peor- worse
Progressive Tense (present)The present progressive is formed by combining the verb “to be” with the present participle. (-ingpart of verb) estar -ando
-iendo or Yendo
Examples:1. Estaba hablando a ti. (I was talking to you.)2. Estabas nadando en el rio. ( you were swimming in the river.)
Progressive Tense (past)
Future infinitive + é
infinitive + ás
infinitive + á
infinitive + emos
infinitive + án
Future -Irregular
SuperlativesWhen you want to say that something has the most or the least of a certain quality, use a superlative!
El másEl
menos
Los más
Los menos
La másLa
menos
Las más
Las menos
Ex:Luis es el más alto.( Luis is the tallest.)Carmen es la más pequeña.
(Carmen is the smallest.)