Grammar Midterm ExamFall 2012EAP 90

Verb FormsTime Frame Aspect

Past Present Future

SimpleProgressivePerfectPerfect Progressive

Verbs: eat play

Present Time Frame

•Present Simple vs. Present Progressive▫Present Simple

Recurring habits and skillsI drink coffee in the morning.

FactsFlowers need water to live.

Permanent situationsWe live in Saint Louis.

States and Conditions Doctors have a lot of responsibility

Present Time Frame

•Present Simple vs. Present Progressive▫Present Progressive

Action in progress at time of speaking/writingI am drinking coffee right now.

Action that is happening around time of speaking/writing

The cold weather is killing my plants. Temporary situations

We are living in Saint Louis (until I finish my job here).

Actions The doctors are having a lot of fun at the party

Present Time Frame

Dynamic vs Nondynamic verbs

Dynamic:Verbs that describe actions

The dog is running.I am eating.She drinks coffee.

Nondynamic:Verbs that describe states

Dogs like to run.I want to eatShe needs coffee.

Present Time Frame

Dynamic vs Nondynamic verbs

Dynamic can be progressive:

The dog is running.I am eating.She is drinking

coffee.

Nondynamic can not be progressive:

Dogs like to run.I want to eatShe needs coffee.

Present Perfect•Something that continues from past until

present:▫I have lived in Saint Louis for 8 years.▫I lived in New York for 8 years.

•Something that is still true now:▫I have learned how to adapt to American

culture.▫I learned how to adapt to Japanese culture

when I lived there (2 years ago).•Some connection to the present situation

(experiences):▫I have been to Hawaii.▫I have eaten grasshoppers.

Present Perfect

•Something that happened very recently:▫I have just met Barack Obama!▫We have just arrived here.

•When using ‘ever’, ‘never’, or ‘since’:▫I have never learned how to play piano.▫Have you ever learned how to paint?▫She has studied at SLU since 2009.

Future Forms•Will Future

▫You will have 16 children. (prediction)▫Don’t worry! I will pick up that glass. (decision)▫Plants will die if you don’t give them water

(general truth)•Going to Future

▫I’m going to play football with my friends this weekend. (plan/intention)

•Present Progressive Future▫I’m playing football with my friends this

weekend. (plan/intention – similar to going to future)

Future Forms•Present Simple Future

▫Our plane leaves at 4:10. (schedule/timetable)

▫My birthday is Friday. (schedule/event)▫Tomorrow is another day. (absolute

certainty)•Modal to Future

▫I should go to the zoo this weekend. (uncertainty)

▫He might play baseball this weekend. (uncertainty)

Noun ModifiersDeterminer

Intensifier

Adjectives and Participles

Noun modifier

Noun Modifying Phrases

the/a/anSome/noMy/yourThese/those

ReallyVery Slightly

Old/newInterestingRed/green

StoneUniversity

WallCampus

•Next to the river•Described in the book

Noun Modifiers – adjectives order

Opinion Appearance

Age Color Origin

GoodBadUglyInterestingNice

BigHeavyRoundChippedBroken

OldNewYoung

RedBlackGreen

WoodenMetalFrenchJapanese

PassivesHow to make passives:

The Egyptians constructed the Pyramids.

The Pyramids were constructed by the Egyptians.

PassivesHow to make passives:

The cookie is eaten by Steve.

Past?Present Perfect?Present Progressive?Future?

Transitive vs. Intransitive Verbs

Transitive Verbs: Verbs that have receivers (objects)

for example:I was punished by my mother for being late.

Intransitive Verbs: Verbs that do not have receivers (objects)

for example:I arrived home at 11:00 PM.

*Transitive Verbs can be Passive

*Intransitive Verbs can not be Passive

See page 56 for list of some intransitive verbs