grade 7 science - mrcollinson.ca science/structures/7_science... · 2018-04-09 · mr...

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Mr Collinson's Science Grade 7 Science Unit 4: Structures Types of Forces Forces on a structure can be classified into two categories, "live loads" and "dead loads." Live Load Forces that change, not part of the structure Dead Load Force that does not change What would be a live load on a bridge? A dead load? When a force is applied on a structure, it causes forces in the structure. External Forces Forces applied on a structure. Internal Forces Forces present inside the material of the structure. An external force, such as a car driving on a road, causes an internal force within the object, i.e, forces between the particles of pavement.

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Page 1: Grade 7 Science - MrCollinson.ca science/structures/7_science... · 2018-04-09 · Mr Collinson's Science Grade 7 Science Unit 4: Structures Types of Forces Forces on a structure

Mr Collinson's Science

Grade 7 ScienceUnit 4: Structures

Types of ForcesForces on a structure can be classified into two categories, "live loads" and "dead loads."

Live Load Forces that change, not part of the structure

Dead Load Force that does not change

What would be a live load on a bridge?  A dead load?

When a force is applied on a structure, it causes forces in the structure.

External Forces Forces applied on a structure.

Internal Forces Forces present inside the material of the structure.

An external force, such as a car driving on a road, causes an internal force within the object, i.e, forces between the particles of pavement.

Page 2: Grade 7 Science - MrCollinson.ca science/structures/7_science... · 2018-04-09 · Mr Collinson's Science Grade 7 Science Unit 4: Structures Types of Forces Forces on a structure

Mr Collinson's Science

Types of ForcesThere are four types of internal forces, also known as stresses, that can occur within the materials of a structure

Tension            Compression            Torsion            Shear

Forces are what causes a structure to fail.  In order to resist failure, a structure must have strength.

Strength The ability of a structure to resist a force

TensionTension Force A force that pulls on a material and stretches 

it apart.

Tensile Strength A measure of the largest tension force that a material can withstand before changing shape or breaking apart.

Page 3: Grade 7 Science - MrCollinson.ca science/structures/7_science... · 2018-04-09 · Mr Collinson's Science Grade 7 Science Unit 4: Structures Types of Forces Forces on a structure

Mr Collinson's Science

CompressionCompression Force A force that compacts or squeezes a 

material.

Compression Strength A measure of the largest compression force that a material can withstand before changing shape or breaking apart.

TorsionTorsion Force A force that acts on a material by twisting 

its ends in opposite directions.

Torsion Strength A measure of the largest torsion force that a material can withstand and still be able to return to its original shape.

Page 4: Grade 7 Science - MrCollinson.ca science/structures/7_science... · 2018-04-09 · Mr Collinson's Science Grade 7 Science Unit 4: Structures Types of Forces Forces on a structure

Mr Collinson's Science

ShearShear Force A force that bends or tears a material, 

pushing parts in opposite directions.

Shear Strength A measure of the largest shear force that a material can withstand before tearing apart.

Tension

Torsion

Compression

Shear