Grade 5 Science Review

Jennet DaSilvaGrade 5, Wapping

Forces and Motion

What makes objects move the way they do?

The position and motion of objects can be changed by a …..

pull

The more massive an object is the less effect a given force will have on its motion.

A child and a teenager are riding down a hill. The child is on a tricycle and the teenager is on a bike. They are traveling at the same speed. You need to stop one of them. Which one will be easier to stop? Why?

The child is easier to stop because he has less mass than the teenager.

Think about the cart and washer experiment you did earlier this year. As the mass of the cart stayed the same and the number of washers pulling the cart increased, how was the speed of the cart affected?

a. The speed decreased.b. The speed increased.c. The speed stayed the

same.

If the mass of the cart stays the same, how does the applied force (washers) affect the speed of the cart?

Cart and Washer Experiment

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

5

10

15

20

25

speed of cart

# of washers pulling cart

The speed of the cart increases because the strength of the pull increases.

If there are always four washers used to pull the cart and the mass of the cart increases, what will happen to the speed of the cart?

a. The speed will decreaseb. The speed will increase.c. The speed will stay the

same.

If the mass of an object increases and the force pulling the cart stays the same, what will happen to the speed?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16Cart and Washer Experiment

speed of cart in/s

Number of Washers in the Cart

Speed of Cart

The speed will decreasebecause the mass of the cart is increasing and the strength of the pull is staying the same.

The size of the change in an object’s motion is related to the strength of the push or pull.

Your task is to pull a 2000 pound wagon of supplies in the least amount of time. You may choose one animal to help you. Will it be the elephant or the cow? Explain the effects its strength has on the motion of the wagon.

Light and Lenses

Identify each instrument

binoculars

camera

Video camera

telescope

microscopeperiscope

Describe the uses of each instrument and how it enhances our vision

Light is a form of energy.

Light is a form of energy that travels in a straight line and can be reflected by a mirror, refracted by a lens, and absorbed by objects.

Water refracts light. That is why the pencil appears to be bent.

Mirrors reflect light.

The color black absorbs light.

Identify whether light is being reflected, refracted or absorbed.

White light is made of all the colors of the rainbow. They are …….

Red =======================Orange ====================Yellow =====================Green ======================Blue =======================

Indigo =====================Violet ======================

ROYGBIV

Why do we see colors?

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

Blue light is reflectedoff the blue balloon and travels to the eye.

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo and Violetare absorbed.>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>

The picture below shows Brandon and the shadow he creates while standing on the playground one day.

Which of the following best explains why Brandon creates a shadow?    A. Brandon changes the color of sunlight hitting the ground.  

B. Brandon reflects sunlight onto the ground.   C. Brandon bends light waves from the Sun.   D. Brandon blocks light from the Sun.

A child sees a mirror image of a lighthouse in the water. What causes this mirror image?

a. Black light

b. Refracted light

c. Reflected light

d. Absorbed light

What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle?

a. Its path bends.b. Its path becomes shorter.c. Its path continues in a straight line.

A student places a sheet of black construction paper on her desk. What happens to most of the light that strikes the black construction paper?

A. The light is bent by the paper.   B. The light reflects off the paper.   C. The light is absorbed by the paper.   D. The light passes through the paper.     

Opaque, Transparent, Translucent

Identify each object as opaque, transparent or translucent.

Glass windowtransparent – all light travels through

Frying pan

opaque – no light travels through

Desk

opaque – no light travels through

Paper toweltranslucent – some light travels through

Tracing paper translucent – some light travels through

Review – Turn and Talk

Describe how light is absorbed. Describe how light is reflected. Describe how light is refracted. What colors make up white light? Explain why we see colors.

Compare and contrast the eye and camera.

The opening of the camera controls the amount of light allowed in. Which part of the eye does the same job?

A. The lensB. The irisC. The retinaD. The cornea

Fair Test Experiments

A fair test experiment is when you design an experiment to compare two or more things. All conditions must be the same except for the two or more things you are comparing.

Soggy Paper

What was being compared in the soggy paper experiment?

We compared the absorbency of different types of paper.

Turn and talk about the conditions that had to stay the same during the soggy paper experiment in order for us to consider it a fair test?

Same size paper squares Let each square drip the same amount

of time. Use the same amount of water for

each type of paper. Use the same tools for testing each

type of the paper. (plastic plate, tweezers, plastic cup)

Some students did an experiment to find out which type of paper holds the most water. They repeated the experiment 3 times, counting the number of squares used. Their data is shown in the table below.

Number of Squares Needed to Absorb 25 Milliliters of Water

What should the students do next to answer their question?a. Show all the numbers in a bar graph.b. Show all the numbers in a pile chart.c. Find the average number of squares for each

paper type.d. Find the highest number of squares used in Test

1, 2, or 3.

Type of Paper

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Paper Napkin

12 13 11

Paper Towel

6 5 7

Tissue 10 8 9

Catch It!!!

What was being compared or tested in the Catch It unit?

We compared the reaction times of different people in the class.

Physical and Chemical Changes

Physical changes occur when objects undergo a change that does not change their chemical nature. A physical change involves a change in physical properties. Physical properties can be observed without changing the type of matter. Examples of physical properties include: texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume, mass, weight, and density.

                                    Physical changes occur when objects undergo a change thatdoes not change their chemical nature. A physical change

involvesa change in physical properties. Physical properties can beobserved without changing the type of matter. Examples ofphysical properties include: texture, shape, size, color, odor,

volume,

mass, weight, and density.

Carving wood is an example of a physical change.Discuss how the following properties are changing? Texture Shape Size Weight

Properties of matter – has mass and takes up space.

Identify the following as a solid,liquid or gas. Discuss how it has mass and takes up space.

Helium in the balloonis a gas. It takes up Space in the balloon.

Chocolateis a solid. It has a definite shape and size.

Milk is a liquid. It takesthe shape of itscontainer.

Which physical property of this set appears to be the same?   

A. length   B. pattern  

C. shape  

D. volume

Solids change to liquids when heat is added and liquids change to solids when heat is taken away. What will happen to this chocolate when it is removed from the stove and put into the refrigerator?

That is correct. It willharden and changeback to a solid becauseheat was taken away.

This is an example of a physical change. The substance is still chocolate whether it is on the stove or in the refrigerator. The only things that have changed are its physical properties.

Chemical Change - Matter can change chemically in which new substances are formed. If a chemical change occurs, one or more of the following will happen: color change, formation of a gas, heat changes, formation of a solid.

In this picture a chemical change tookplace when vinegar and baking soda were poured into a bottle. The balloon was placed on top and blown up. What evidence tells you a chemical change took place?

Iron oxide or rust forms on an iron nail that has been outside and exposed to rain. The iron in the nail chemically reacts with the oxygen in the rain to form a new substance which is iron oxide or the solid rust. A chemical change has taken place!!!!

Evaporation is when water passes from a liquid phase to a gas phase. Rates of evaporation of water depend on things like the temperature, humidity, and wind.

Identify how the following is affected by heat.

The water in the teapot is an example of a liquid. When heat is added, steam is formed which is an example of a gas. This whole process is evaporation.

It is a hot summer day and you are sitting by the pool. You have a nice cold drink next to you. Why does the container get so wet on the outside? Turn and talk with the person next to you about why you think this happens.

The water droplets forming on the outside of the glass are an example of condensation. This happens because there is water vapor in the air around the glass especially on a humid day. The temperature of the cold container cools the water vapor around the glass causing the water droplets to form on the outside.

A statue and a table are both madeof the same type of marble. Whichof the following physical properties willmost likely be the same for both ofthese objects?    A. size   B. shape   C. weight   D. hardness   

How does the structure of matter affect the properties and uses of materials?

The picture below shows a frozen juice bar. The frozen juice bar was placed on a table and

left to melt. Which of the following properties of the juice bar will change the most once it melts?

    A. color   B. mass   C. shape   D. volume

Which of the following statementsdescribes one way that solids aredifferent from liquids?    A. Solids have weight and liquids do not.   B. Solids take up space and liquids do not.   C. Solids have a definite shape and liquids do

not.   D. Solids have a definite volume and liquids do

not. 

The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group.

Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?A. They are metals.   B. They rust rapidly   C. They weigh the same.   D. They are the same color.

Which glass contains only a gas? 1, 2, 3, or 4?

Delilah put a container of water in thefreezer and left it there overnight. The nextmorning she saw that the water in thecontainer had changed to ice.

Which of the following statements bestexplains why the water changed to ice?   

A. The water gained energy.   B. The water absorbed light.  C. Mass was released from the water.  

D. Heat was taken away from the water.

Open Response

Water is commonly found on Earth in three states of matter: solid,liquid, and gas. In everyday life, water often changes from oneform to another form.

A. Describe one example of water changing from a liquid to a solid.B. For the example you gave in part (a), explain what caused this

change.

C. Describe one example of water changing from a liquid to a gas.D. For the example you gave in part (c), explain what caused this

change.