gothic art * the gothic period was most recognized for the impressive cathedrals created during this...

Gothic ArtGothic Art

* * The Gothic Period was most recognized for the The Gothic Period was most recognized for the impressive cathedrals created during this time impressive cathedrals created during this time period.period.

* Romanesque art paved the way for Gothic Art:* Romanesque art paved the way for Gothic Art:a)a) Many architectural structures during this Many architectural structures during this time were begun as Romanesque but were time were begun as Romanesque but were finished as Gothic.finished as Gothic.b)b) Many structures during this time period Many structures during this time period moved away from Romanesque’s “Heaviness moved away from Romanesque’s “Heaviness and solidity” and moved towards “lightness and solidity” and moved towards “lightness and grace”and grace”c)c) French architects were the 1French architects were the 1stst to develop the: to develop the: Pointed Arch, PiersPointed Arch, Piers and and Flying Buttress’Flying Buttress’


Pointed ArchesPointed Arches

* Pointed Arches were created in * Pointed Arches were created in order to reduce the sideways order to reduce the sideways pressure or thrust of a stone roof.pressure or thrust of a stone roof.

* Because the curve of a pointed arch * Because the curve of a pointed arch is more vertical the trust is directed is more vertical the trust is directed downward, which is very crucial when downward, which is very crucial when it came to the proper supports, etc.it came to the proper supports, etc.


Flying Flying ButtressesButtresses

1)1) It’s a support OR brace that counter acts the It’s a support OR brace that counter acts the outward thrust of an arch or vault.outward thrust of an arch or vault.

2)2) They earned the name “flying buttress” They earned the name “flying buttress” because they often had to reach over the side because they often had to reach over the side aisles of the church.aisles of the church.

3)3) These flying buttresses really helped with the These flying buttresses really helped with the support of the ceiling.support of the ceiling.

4)4) This new system eliminated the use or need This new system eliminated the use or need for solid walls, because of this, Stained-glass for solid walls, because of this, Stained-glass windows were introduced to fill the extra windows were introduced to fill the extra space.space.


Flying Flying ButtressesButtresses


Stained-Glass Stained-Glass WindowsWindows

1)1) Were referred to as “Walls of glass”Were referred to as “Walls of glass”

2)2) They really helped natural light flow into They really helped natural light flow into the church.the church.

3)3) They were used to impress and instruct the They were used to impress and instruct the congregation with use of colorful images congregation with use of colorful images and designs.and designs.

4)4) They were very bold, bright and visually They were very bold, bright and visually pleasing which made them much more pleasing which made them much more attractive.attractive.


Stained-Glass Stained-Glass WindowsWindows


Interior Designs of Interior Designs of Gothic ChurchesGothic Churches

1)1) Gothic Churches interiors mostly Gothic Churches interiors mostly consisted of:consisted of:

a)a) The vertical lines of the architecture The vertical lines of the architecture

b)b) Richly colored stained-glass Richly colored stained-glass

c)c) Lighted from within by numerous Lighted from within by numerous candlescandles

d)d) Carved relief sculptures Carved relief sculptures

e)e) Arch stone ceilings Arch stone ceilings

Gothic ArtGothic Art Construction of Gothic Construction of Gothic

ChurchesChurches

1) 1) Gothic churches became the Gothic churches became the products of the new and prosperous products of the new and prosperous cities.cities.

2) 2) These churches represented These churches represented both expressions of religious devotion both expressions of religious devotion and symbols of civic pride.and symbols of civic pride.

3) 3) These churches served as These churches served as churches for bishops which soon churches for bishops which soon caused bishops to want the biggest, caused bishops to want the biggest, tallest and most elaborate churches.tallest and most elaborate churches.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Construction of Gothic Construction of Gothic

ChurchesChurches4) 4) Everyone wanted to participate in Everyone wanted to participate in

constructing these churches.constructing these churches.

5) 5) People from every class (rich, poor, People from every class (rich, poor, etc.) put forth money, time and effort toward etc.) put forth money, time and effort toward these churches because they all had one these churches because they all had one common goal:common goal:

a)a) Praising God Praising God

b)b) Making their city beautiful. Making their city beautiful.

6) 6) Not only was the “Gothic Style” Not only was the “Gothic Style” architecture used in churches, it was also architecture used in churches, it was also used to design monasteries and secular used to design monasteries and secular buildings.buildings.


Cathedral of Cathedral of ChartresChartres

Gothic ArtGothic Art Gothic Sculptures/Sculptural Gothic Sculptures/Sculptural

DecorationsDecorations11)) Even though sculpture developed into more Even though sculpture developed into more

“realistic and individualized lines” they still “realistic and individualized lines” they still complimented the architectural settings in which complimented the architectural settings in which it was placed.it was placed.

2) 2) To keep these sculptures from clashing with the To keep these sculptures from clashing with the architectural, the artists used several methods to architectural, the artists used several methods to make the sculptures unify well with the make the sculptures unify well with the architecture:architecture:

a)a) Instead of creating statues normal size and Instead of creating statues normal size and proportions, the artists elongated or stretched proportions, the artists elongated or stretched them out.them out.

Ex.Ex. Long folds on the sculptures garments, Long folds on the sculptures garments, figures placed on globes had their toes pointed figures placed on globes had their toes pointed downward.downward.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Gothic Sculptures/Sculptural Gothic Sculptures/Sculptural

DecorationsDecorations3)3) Gothic sculptures protruded from the walls to give them Gothic sculptures protruded from the walls to give them

an “outward into space” look.an “outward into space” look.

Ex. It gives them a look as if they are floatingEx. It gives them a look as if they are floating

4)4) All figures used were easily recognized and clearly All figures used were easily recognized and clearly identified by anyone familiar with the Bible.identified by anyone familiar with the Bible.

Ex.Ex. St. Peter was always the figure who was holding a St. Peter was always the figure who was holding a key-These keys opened the gates to the Kingdom of key-These keys opened the gates to the Kingdom of HeavenHeaven

Ex.Ex. Moses was always holding stone tablets-Ten Moses was always holding stone tablets-Ten CommandmentsCommandments

5) 5) Gothic sculptors began to work even harder to make Gothic sculptors began to work even harder to make their sculptures look like real people.their sculptures look like real people.

a)a) Many sculptures appear to move and look about. Many sculptures appear to move and look about.

b)b) Drapery looks as though it covers a real 3D body. Drapery looks as though it covers a real 3D body.


Gothic Gothic Sculptures/Sculptural Sculptures/Sculptural DecorationsDecorations

Gothic ArtGothic Art Comparing/Contrasting Comparing/Contrasting

TympanumsTympanums** ** TympanumsTympanums-is the ½ rounded panel that fills the -is the ½ rounded panel that fills the

space between the lintel and the arch over the space between the lintel and the arch over the doorway of the church.doorway of the church.

1)1) Tympanums were very important to the Tympanums were very important to the architectural designs of both Romanesque and architectural designs of both Romanesque and Gothic churches.Gothic churches.

2)2) During the Romanesque period and early Gothic During the Romanesque period and early Gothic period Tympanums followed symmetrical (or) period Tympanums followed symmetrical (or) formal balance designs but later in the Gothic formal balance designs but later in the Gothic period, tympanums were designed in an period, tympanums were designed in an Asymmetrical (or) informal balance design.Asymmetrical (or) informal balance design.


Comparing/Contrasting Comparing/Contrasting TympanumsTympanums

** Two churches that STRONGLY show the TWO different ** Two churches that STRONGLY show the TWO different types of balance are:types of balance are:

Burgos Cathedral in SpainBurgos Cathedral in Spain Cathedral of Cathedral of Pamplona in SpainPamplona in Spain

What differences do you see?What differences do you see?


TympanumsTympanums** Two churches that STRONGLY show the TWO different ** Two churches that STRONGLY show the TWO different

types of balance are:types of balance are:


FORMAL BALANCEFORMAL BALANCE INFORMAL BALANCEINFORMAL BALANCE

1)1) The Central focal point and largest The Central focal point and largest 1)1) Mary is the Mary is the central figure in this Figure in this tympanum is Christ. central figure in this Figure in this tympanum is Christ. tympanum BUT Placed more to the left. tympanum BUT Placed more to the left.

2)2) On either side of Christ are 4 On either side of Christ are 4 2)2) There are 15 figures that There are 15 figures that are Evangelists writing on the desks to fit the are Evangelists writing on the desks to fit the surrounding Mary surrounding Mary

Shape of the tympanum.Shape of the tympanum. **(An odd number of **(An odd number of figures) figures)


TympanumsTympanums** Two churches that STRONGLY show the TWO different ** Two churches that STRONGLY show the TWO different

types of balance are:types of balance are:


FORMAL BALANCEFORMAL BALANCE INFORMAL BALANCEINFORMAL BALANCE

3)3) 2 Apostles are also placed next to Christ 2 Apostles are also placed next to Christ 3)3) Christ is still the Christ is still the largest figure-he is To continue the Formal balance largest figure-he is To continue the Formal balance holding holding a smaller version of Mary a smaller version of Mary which represents which represents her soul.her soul.

4)4) Below Christ is all the 12 Apostles-6 on Below Christ is all the 12 Apostles-6 on 4)4) Expressions are Expressions are also carved into also carved into Each side . Each side . these sculptures these sculptures unlike onesunlike ones

In the past to show emotion and capture the viewer In the past to show emotion and capture the viewer more.more.

Gothic ArtGothic ArtGargoylesGargoyles

**Grotesque flying monsters that pro-ject out **Grotesque flying monsters that pro-ject out from the upper proportions of the huge from the upper proportions of the huge churches.churches.

1)1) These were considered one of the most These were considered one of the most interesting sculptural features of Gothic interesting sculptural features of Gothic Cathedrals.Cathedrals.

2)2) They were used as rain spouts, intended to They were used as rain spouts, intended to carry rainwater from the roof of the churches.carry rainwater from the roof of the churches.

3)3) They were made of carved stone or cast metal.They were made of carved stone or cast metal.

4)4) They were made to look frightening because They were made to look frightening because their purpose was to look like evil spirits their purpose was to look like evil spirits felling for their lives from the sacred building.felling for their lives from the sacred building.


GargoylesGargoyles

Gothic ArtGothic Art Illustrated BooksIllustrated Books

1)1) There was a large demand for There was a large demand for illustrated books that contained illustrated books that contained psalms, gospels and other parts of the psalms, gospels and other parts of the liturgy.liturgy.

2)2) These books were also called: PsaltersThese books were also called: Psalters

3)3) These books were prized possessions of These books were prized possessions of the wealthy.the wealthy.

4)4) These illuminations showed how much These illuminations showed how much they were influenced by stained-glass they were influenced by stained-glass art.art.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Illustrated BooksIllustrated Books****A great example of this would beA great example of this would be::1)1) These illustrations were placed in These illustrations were placed in

architectural frames which resembled the architectural frames which resembled the frames used for stained-glass windows.frames used for stained-glass windows.

2)2) The figures in these illustrations were drawn The figures in these illustrations were drawn with firm, dark outlines which resembled the with firm, dark outlines which resembled the lead stripes used to join the sections of lead stripes used to join the sections of stained-glass windows.stained-glass windows.

3)3) These illuminations were painted in rich, bold These illuminations were painted in rich, bold colors resembling stained-glass windows set colors resembling stained-glass windows set into Gothic cathedral walls.into Gothic cathedral walls.

4)4) ““The Carrow Psalter”The Carrow Psalter” (An English book of (An English book of Prayers) strongly shows the Prayers) strongly shows the resemblance/influence of stained-glass art.resemblance/influence of stained-glass art.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Illustrated BooksIllustrated Books*There was a specific illumination style that *There was a specific illumination style that

emerged during the Gothic Period called emerged during the Gothic Period called The The International Style.International Style.

1)1) Artist’s using this style exhibited greater Artist’s using this style exhibited greater concern for realistic detail in their work.concern for realistic detail in their work.

2)2) Artist’s had a desire to make their art work Artist’s had a desire to make their art work more graceful and colorful.more graceful and colorful.

3)3) Artist’s took delight in painting Artist’s took delight in painting elegant/beautiful subjects with great care and elegant/beautiful subjects with great care and precision.precision.

4)4) The wealthy throughout Europe had a strong The wealthy throughout Europe had a strong appeal for this style, which made the demand appeal for this style, which made the demand for this style greater.for this style greater.

Gothic ArtGothic Art The The

International Style.International Style.

1)1) A great example of this style was the A great example of this style was the “Book of “Book of Hours”:Hours”:

a) a) The creators of this art piece were the The creators of this art piece were the famous Limbourg Brothers.famous Limbourg Brothers.

b) b) These 3 brothers were originally from These 3 brothers were originally from Flanders but settles in FranceFlanders but settles in France

c) c) The book was a book of prayers made for The book was a book of prayers made for the Duke of Berry.the Duke of Berry.

d) d) This book contained a series of elaborate This book contained a series of elaborate pictures that illustrate the cycle of life pictures that illustrate the cycle of life through scenes of the 12 months.through scenes of the 12 months.

Gothic ArtGothic Art The The

International Style.International Style.

1)1) A great example of this style was the A great example of this style was the “Book “Book of Hours”:of Hours”:

e) e) Some of these scenes include : The Some of these scenes include : The month of May in which men/women are month of May in which men/women are enjoying a ride in the sunshine , enjoying enjoying a ride in the sunshine , enjoying the warm weather after a long winter.the warm weather after a long winter.

f) f) The precision and detaining found in The precision and detaining found in these paintings are fascinating.these paintings are fascinating.

g) g) To paint such small details, these To paint such small details, these brothers most likely used a magnifying brothers most likely used a magnifying glass and extremely fine brushes.glass and extremely fine brushes.


““Book of Hours”Book of Hours”

Gothic ArtGothic Art Italian Church PaintingsItalian Church Paintings

1)1) Gothic style churches became popular in Gothic style churches became popular in Italy but instead of putting in stained-Italy but instead of putting in stained-glass windows, builders still commissioned glass windows, builders still commissioned artists to decorate their churches with artists to decorate their churches with murals.murals.

2)2) Artist’s didn’t always paint on the walls of Artist’s didn’t always paint on the walls of these churches. They also painted on these churches. They also painted on wooden panels.wooden panels.

3)3) One of the most famous wooden panel One of the most famous wooden panel artists from this time period was artists from this time period was Duccio Duccio de Buoninsegna.de Buoninsegna.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Duccio de Buoninsegna.Duccio de Buoninsegna.

1) 1) He painted art pieces for the He painted art pieces for the altar at the Cathedral of Siena altar at the Cathedral of Siena

2) 2) The art piece was titled The art piece was titled “Maesta Altarpiece”. “Maesta Altarpiece”. This meant This meant Majesty Altarpiece and it Majesty Altarpiece and it consisted of 7 panels.consisted of 7 panels.

3) 3) The emphasis of the art The emphasis of the art piece was the Madonna piece was the Madonna enthroned as the Queen of enthroned as the Queen of Heaven.Heaven.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Duccio de Duccio de

Buoninsegna.Buoninsegna.

4) 4) His work strongly represented His work strongly represented Byzantine Art. **You can clearly see this Byzantine Art. **You can clearly see this in one of his panel pieces from the in one of his panel pieces from the Maesta Maesta Altarpiece titledAltarpiece titled “The Calling of “The Calling of the Apostles Peter and Andrew”the Apostles Peter and Andrew”

5) 5) Duccio used a ton of gold in this Duccio used a ton of gold in this piece, intense colors, 2D figures and piece, intense colors, 2D figures and shallow space which all reflects the shallow space which all reflects the Byzantine Style.Byzantine Style.

6) 6) Duccio did introduce his own Duccio did introduce his own style/touches as well, which included a style/touches as well, which included a more realistic and relaxed look.more realistic and relaxed look.


Maesta AltarpieceMaesta Altarpiece

Gothic ArtGothic Art Giotto di Giotto di

Bondone(Bondone(1266-1337)1266-1337)1) 1) He was an artist most recognized for making He was an artist most recognized for making

a revolutionary break with the flat, unrealistic a revolutionary break with the flat, unrealistic elements of Byzantine art.elements of Byzantine art.

2) 2) He Painted natural-looking figures who He Painted natural-looking figures who appear to take real space.appear to take real space.

3) 3) He was famous for his frescos.He was famous for his frescos.

4) 4) Frescos are a method of painting in which Frescos are a method of painting in which pigments are applied to a thin layer of wet pigments are applied to a thin layer of wet plaster.plaster.

* This was a very temperamental process in that * This was a very temperamental process in that the artist had to work very quickly before the the artist had to work very quickly before the plaster dries.plaster dries.

Gothic ArtGothic Art Giotto di Giotto di

Bondone(Bondone(1266-1337)1266-1337)

1) 1) One of his most famous art pieces was the One of his most famous art pieces was the fresco fresco “Lamentation Pieta”“Lamentation Pieta”

2) 2) The idea of expressing spirituality did NOT The idea of expressing spirituality did NOT interest Giotto, he was more interested in interest Giotto, he was more interested in realism, especially human emotions.realism, especially human emotions.

3) 3) In In Lamentation PietaLamentation Pieta he focuses on anguish, he focuses on anguish, despair and resignation and you can clearly despair and resignation and you can clearly see this through gestures and the figures see this through gestures and the figures surrounding Christ.surrounding Christ.

Gothic ArtGothic Art ““Lamentation Pieta”Lamentation Pieta”

11) ) This art piece is a group of mourners This art piece is a group of mourners surrounding the body of Christ, following the surrounding the body of Christ, following the crucifixion.crucifixion.

2) 2) Giotto really expressed human emotions in Giotto really expressed human emotions in this art piece:this art piece:a) a) Mary holding Christ tightly Mary holding Christ tightly b) b) A woman clasps her hands in anguishA woman clasps her hands in anguishc) c) A man throws his hands back in a violent A man throws his hands back in a violent gesture.gesture.

** They are ALL mourning the death of Christ.** They are ALL mourning the death of Christ.3) 3) Because of how temperamental frescos were Because of how temperamental frescos were

Giotto did NOT have time to include many Giotto did NOT have time to include many details in his art pieces but they were still details in his art pieces but they were still powerfully expressive.powerfully expressive.


Lamentation Pieta”Lamentation Pieta”

gothic art * the gothic period was most recognized for the impressive cathedrals created during this...

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