Gothic Architecture

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTUREFACULTY OF ENGINEERING &

ARCHITECTURERAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY TAWAN-OK

SASITHORN KLAICHOM

12-110-311 Design Concept 1RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TAWAN-OK by SASITHORN KLAICHOM

What Is Gothic Architecture?

Early in the 12th century, new ways of building t th t th d l d th l

What Is Gothic Architecture?

meant that cathedrals and other large buildings could reach soaring heights.

Gothic Architecture Began

Gothic architecture began mainly in France

Gothic Architecture Began

where builders began to adapt the earlier Romanesque style. Builders were also influenced by the pointed arches and elaborate stonework of Moorish architecture elaborate stonework of Moorish architecture in Spain. One of the earliest Gothic buildings was the ambulatory of the abbey of St. Denis in France, built between 1140 and

44 O i i ll G thi hit t 1144.Originally, Gothic architecture was known as the French Style. During the Renaissance, after the French Style had fallen out of fashion, artisans mocked it They fallen out of fashion, artisans mocked it. They coined the word Gothic to suggest that French Style buildings were the crude work of German (Goth) barbarians. Although the l b l 't t th G thi label wasn't accurate, the name Gothic remained.

Gothic architecture has many of these features:

Pointed Arches Gothic b ilders fo nd that

Gothic architecture has many of these features:

•Pointed Arches. Gothic builders found that pointed arches could support more weight than perpendicular walls. With pointed arches supporting the roof, walls could be pp g ,thinner.•Ribbed Vaulting. Instead of solid walls, builders used a series of columns that branched up into arches With fewer solid branched up into arches. With fewer solid walls, buildings appeared lighter and more delicate.•Flying Buttresses. Free-standing brick and y g gstone arches helped support exterior walls, allowing them to reach greater heights.•Stained Glass Windows. Since the walls were no longer the only supports Gothic were no longer the only supports, Gothic buildings could include large areas of glass.•Elaborate Sculptures. Gargoyles and other sculptures had both practical and p pdecorative functions.

Gothic Detail: Pointed Arches

Gothic builders found that pointed arches ld t i ht th could support more weight than

perpendicular walls. With pointed arches supporting the roof, walls could be thinner.

Gothic architecture is not merely about ornamentation. The Gothic style brought innovative new construction techniques that

ll d h h d th b ildi t allowed churches and other buildings to reach great heights.One important innovation was the use of pointed arches. Earlier Romanesque churches had pointed q parches, but builders didn't capitalize on the shape. During the Gothic era, builders discovered that pointed arches would give structures amazing strength and stabilitystructures amazing strength and stability.In Gothic buildings, the weight of the roof was supported by the arches rather than the walls. This meant that walls could be thinner.

Gothic Detail: Ribbed Vaulting

Instead of solid walls, builders used a series of columns that branched up into arches. With fewer solid walls, buildings appeared g pplighter and more delicate.

Earlier Romanesque churches relied on barrel vaulting Gothic builders introduced barrel vaulting. Gothic builders introduced the dramatic technique of ribbed vaulting.While barrel vaulting carried weight on continuous solid walls, ribbed vaulting used columns to support the weight. The ribs also delineated the vaults and gave a sense of unity to the structure.You can see the ribbed vaulting in the You can see the ribbed vaulting in the ceiling above this cloister at RoyaumontAbbey in Asnières-sur-Oise, France.

Gothic Detail: Flying Buttresses

Free standing brick and stone arches Free-standing brick and stone arches helped support exterior walls, allowing them to reach greater heights.

In order to prevent the outward collapse of the arches, Gothic architects began using a revolutionary flying buttress system. Freestanding brick or stone supports were Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or a half-arch.In this view of the Sainte-Chapelle in Riom, France, you can see the broad masonry buttresses extending from the stone pillars to the main wall of the cathedral. The Sainte-Chapelle in Riom is modeled after Louis IX's palace chapel in modeled after Louis IX s palace chapel in Paris.

Gothic Detail: Stained Glass Windows

Since the walls were no longer the only supports, Gothic buildings could include large areas of glass.

Since the walls themselves were no longer the primary supports, Gothic buildings could include large areas of glass. Huge stained g g gglass windows and a profusion of smaller windows created the effect of lightness and space.The stained glass window shown here is from Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is from Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Construction on Notre Dame took centuries and spanned the Gothic era.

Gothic Detail: Elaborate SculpturesGargoyles and other sculptures had both practical and decorative functions.

C th d l i th Hi h G thi t l b Cathedrals in the High Gothic style became increasingly elaborate. Over several centuries, builders added towers, pinnacles, and hundreds of sculptures.In addition to preligious figures, many Gothic cathedrals are heavily ornamented with strange, leering creatures. These gargoyles are not merely decorati e Originall the sc lpt res ere decorative. Originally, the sculptures were waterspouts to protect the foundation from rain. Since most people in Medieval days could not read, the carvings took on the , gimportant role of illustrating lessons from the from the scriptures.In the late 1700s, architects disliked gargoyles and other grotesque statues gargoyles and other grotesque statues. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and many other Gothic buildings were stripped of devils, dragons, griffins, and other beastly g g ysculptures. The ornaments were restored to their perches during a careful restoration in the 1800s.

Gothic Buildings:Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France

Originally, Chartres Cathedral was a R h h t t d i Romanesque church constructed in 1145. In 1194, all but the west front was destroyed by fire. Between 1205 and 1260, Chartres Cathedral was rebuilt on ,the foundation of the original church.Thereconstructed Chartres Cathedral was Gothic in style, displaying innovations th t t th t d d f thi t th that set the standard for thirteenth century architecture. The massive weight of its high clerestory windows meant that flying buttresses -- external supports --y g pphad to be used in new ways. Each curved pier connects with an arch to a wall and extends (or "flies") to the ground or a pier some distance away Thus the or a pier some distance away. Thus, the supporting power of the buttress was greatly increased.Built of limestone, Chartres Cathedral is 112 feet (34 meters) high and 427 feet (130 meters) long.

Chartres is one of the most famous cathedrals in France, and is widely ypraised for its sculpture, stained-glass windows, and high gothic style.

Gothic Buildings:Church of St. Denis, Saint-Denis, France

The Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis wanted to create a church that would be even greater than the famous Hagia Sophia g g pChurch in Constantinople. The church he commissioned, Basilique Saint-Denis, became a model for most of the late 12th-century French cathedrals including century French cathedrals, including those at Chartres and Senlis. The facade is primarily Romanesque, but many details in the church move away from the low yRomanesque style. The Church of Saint-Denis was the first large building to use the new vertical style known as Gothic.Originally the Church of Saint Denis had Originally the Church of Saint-Denis had two towers, but one collapsed in 1837.

Gothic Buildings:Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France

Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is famous for its intricate gothic-style intricate gothic style design and for its aesthetic grandeur and harmony. On a first visit,

f th ll d t il many of the small details are easy to miss, so here's a guide to help you focus your visit, and understand you s , a d u de s a d the basic elements ofgothic architecture. Notre Dame arguably

t th i l f represents the pinnacle of gothic-style cathedrals.

Gothic Buildings:St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland

In the 5th century, a wooden church was constructed on this Dublin site. The present cathedral was built between 1191 and 1270was built between 1191 and 1270.

St. Patrick's Cathedral - Dublin, Ireland

Gothic Buildings:Adare Friary, Adare, County Limerick, Ireland

Home workใหนกศกษา อานเอกสารแจกไป เรอง ROMAN ARCHITECTURE และตอบคาถาม

ดงตอไปน

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ภายในมพนทอยางไร

12‐110‐311  Design Concept 1RAJAMANGALA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TAWAN‐OK by  SASITHORN  KLAICHOM