got sugar?
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Got Sugar?
May 22, 2012 Jamie Morris, Katelyn Foster,
Mary Jo Brady
Obesity on the Rise
Obesity Resolution
Low Fat Diets: The USDA, AMA, and AHA call for dietary fat reduction
Food Pyramid restructure promoting more carbohydrates and less fat
1992
Prevalence of Obesity Compared to Percent Calories from Fat Among US Adults
Per
cen
t %
Year
It’s Not the Fat
What happens when you cut the fat?
• Taste Bad
• Shorter shelf life
Low-fat processed food means substitution with carbohydrate…
Which carbohydrate?
Either:
• High fructose corn syrup (55% fructose)
• Sucrose (50% fructose)
i.e: Nabisco Snackwells® Oreos (-2g fat, +13g CHO (+4g sugars))
Sugar Consumption Trend
•By recent USDA estimates, about 1/4 of the calories consumed by the average American is in the form of added sugars, and most of that is HFCS
What is HFCS?
+ =
Glucose Fructose
HFSCHFSC
Glucose
= Sucrose (table sugar)
Sucrose (table sugar)
Fructose
Glucose vs. Fructose
After eating fructose, 100 % of the metabolic burden rests on your liver. But with glucose, your liver has to break down only 20 percent.
Every cell in your body, including your brain, utilizes glucose. Therefore, much of it is "burned up" immediately after you consume it. By contrast, fructose is turned into free fatty acids, VLDL, and triglycerides, which get stored as fat.
Glucose suppresses the hunger hormone ghrelin and stimulates leptin, which suppresses your appetite. Fructose has no effect on ghrelin and interferes with your brain's communication with leptin, resulting in overeating.
People are consuming fructose in enormous quantities, which has made the negative effects much more profound.
Your body metabolizes fructose in a much different way than glucose
Glucose
120 calories(about 2 slices of bread)
24 calories
Liver
96 calories
Organs
Muscles
body
VLDL / Fat
(0.5 calories)
24 liver calories
Glucose
ATP ADP
G-6-P Glycogen
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA TCA ATP CO2
Citrate
Sucrose
120 calories
Liver Organs, Muscles, Body
Glucose (50%) 12 48
Fructose (50%) 60 0
• When you eat 120 calories of glucose, less than one calorie is stored as fat. 120 calories of fructose results in 40 calories being stored as fat. Consuming fructose is essentially consuming fat!
The Other Sugar:
High Fructose Corn Syrup
• High fructose corn syrup entered the American food supply in 1975 just as the nations obesity rate started to soar
• We Consume, on Average, 42 Pounds per Person per Year
• The food and beverage industry doesn't want you to realize how truly pervasive HFCS is in your diet -- not just from soft drinks and juices, but also in salad dressings and condiments and virtually every processed food. The introduction of HFCS into the Western diet has been a multi-billion dollar boom for the corn industry.
Reasons Why Manufacturers Likes HFCS:• Produces a longer shelf life of foods than cane sugar• Addicting• It is cheaper than cane sugar• Sweeter than table sugar
Secular trend in fructose consumption Natural consumption of fruits and vegetables •15 gm/day
Prior to WWII (estimated): •16-24 gm/day
1977-1978 (USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey): •37 gm/day (8% of total caloric intake)
1994 (NHANES III): •54.7 gm/day (10.2% of total caloric intake)
Adolescents: •72.8 gm/day (12.1% of total caloric intake) •25% consumed at least 15% of calories from fructose
Bray, Am J Clin Nutr 86:895, 2007; Vos et al. Medscape Med J 10:160, 2008
Supersize Me!
Curtailing soft drinks limits childhood obesity
James et al. BMJ 328:1237, 2004
Conclusion
Since 1980 obesity has significantly risen, right after HFCS was introduced to our diet
100% of the metabolism of fructose is dependent on your liver, where most of it gets stored as fat
Fructose has no effect on ghrelin and interferes with your brains communication with leptin, resulting in overeating
We are consuming fructose in enormous quantities, which has made the negative effects much more profound
Health Affects
• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Osteoarthritis (a degeneration of cartilage and its underlying bone within a joint)
• Dyslipidemia (high total cholesterol or high levels of triglycerides)
• Type 2 diabetes
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Gallbladder disease
• Sleep apnea and respiratory problems
• Some cancers (pancreas, kidney, prostate, endometrial, breast, and colon)
• Tooth decay (anaerobic metabolism)
So how much exactly is a gram of sugar? One teaspoon of granulated sugar equals 4 grams of sugar
http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/features/sugar-shockers-foods-surprisingly-high-in-sugar
SoBe Green Tea: 16 ounces = 50 grams sugar, 200 calories Snapple Iced Tea, Peach, Lemon, or Raspberry: 16 ounces =46-50 grams sugar, 200 calories
Sugar Shockers!
Nesquick Fat Free Chocolate Milk: 16 ounces = 54 grams sugar, 300 calories
Yoplait Original 99% fat free, Lemon Burst: 6 ounces = 31 grams sugar, 180 calories
Skinny Cow Low-fat Ice Cream Cone (different flavors): 1 cone = 19 grams sugar, 150 calories
Fat Free:
99% Fat Free:
Low Fat:
Healthy:
Citations:
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A0oG7hepyalPImAAFG5XNyoA?p=koolaid+mustache&fr=slv8-hptb5&fr2=piv-http://www.google.com/search?q=cartoon+images+of+tooth+decay&um=1&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&ei=4sypT62jEOWJ6AHA4qjMBA&start=63&sa=Nwww.ncsl.org/issues.../obesity-statistics-in-the-united-states.aspx
http://www.hivehealthmedia.com/world-obesity-stats-2010/http://www.data360.org/dsg.aspx?Data_Set_Group_Id=196
http://runews.rockefeller.edu/index.php?page=engine&id=237
Sugar: The Bitter Truth. Robert H. Lustig, Professor of Pediatrics at UCSF