goodness-of-fit and mental health m maldonado. goodness of fit stella chess and thomas stella chess...
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Goodness-of-fit and Goodness-of-fit and Mental HealthMental Health
M MaldonadoM Maldonado
Goodness of fitGoodness of fit
Stella Chess and Thomas Stella Chess and Thomas Concept of temperamentConcept of temperament ““different kinds of temperament” different kinds of temperament” Relationship with caregiver’s style:Relationship with caregiver’s style: Good fit, or poor fitGood fit, or poor fit
Temperament. Temperament. Bernhard Hellwig “Die Bernhard Hellwig “Die vier Temperamente bei Kindern” (1780’s)vier Temperamente bei Kindern” (1780’s)
Sanguine childSanguine child
Phlegmatic childPhlegmatic child
Choleric childCholeric child
Melancholic child Melancholic child
Temperament: Chess and ThomasTemperament: Chess and Thomas
Easy child Easy child
Slow to warm up childSlow to warm up child
Difficult child Difficult child
UndifferentiatedUndifferentiated
TemperamentTemperament
Biological PredispositionBiological Predisposition Rhythmical functioningRhythmical functioning Circadian rhythmicityCircadian rhythmicity Interest in noveltyInterest in novelty Approach to new situations, curiosityApproach to new situations, curiosity Inclination to “outside’ or “inside”Inclination to “outside’ or “inside”
Temperament Temperament
Environmental influences on biological Environmental influences on biological predisposition:predisposition:
Promoting self-regulation through other-Promoting self-regulation through other-regulationregulation
Promoting development (Vygotskian model)Promoting development (Vygotskian model) Promoting rhythmicity through routinesPromoting rhythmicity through routines Buffering from environmental influences Buffering from environmental influences
Transition to parenthoodTransition to parenthood
Wish for a perfect childWish for a perfect child Reverie during pregnancy about how the baby Reverie during pregnancy about how the baby
will bewill be Images (working models) in parents’ mind Images (working models) in parents’ mind
about what it is to be a mother/ fatherabout what it is to be a mother/ father Influence of own experience of being parented Influence of own experience of being parented
on “what is a mother, father”on “what is a mother, father”
Transition to parenthood Transition to parenthood
Calipedia (wish for a beautiful child)Calipedia (wish for a beautiful child) Conscious wish for a babyConscious wish for a baby Imaginary baby ( preconscious desire, fantasy)Imaginary baby ( preconscious desire, fantasy) Phantasmatic baby (unconscious Phantasmatic baby (unconscious
representation, meaning of baby)representation, meaning of baby) ““Real baby”Real baby” ““Cultural baby” (MR Moro)Cultural baby” (MR Moro)
Transition to parenthoodTransition to parenthood
First encounter with babyFirst encounter with baby Encounter between desired baby and real babyEncounter between desired baby and real baby Surprise, “shock” and ambivalenceSurprise, “shock” and ambivalence Reconciliation between imagined and real Reconciliation between imagined and real
infant infant Process of acceptance, celebration, Process of acceptance, celebration,
“mourning” of ideal features “mourning” of ideal features
Genes-heredityGenes-heredity Tempera-Tempera-
mentment
Health Health problems, e.g. problems, e.g. prematurityprematurity
Sensory Sensory integration, integration, motor patternsmotor patterns
Parental Parental psychopathologpsychopathology and child y and child rearing rearing
Fit between Fit between parent and child parent and child
Early Early experiencesexperiences
Family, Family, relationships, relationships, organizationorganization
Social group and Social group and cultureculture
Influences on developmentInfluences on development
PARENT INFANT
FAMILY AND CULTURE
PARENT FEATURESTEMPERAMENT
REACTIVITYATTENTION SPAN
INTEREST IN NOVELTYTALENTS
INTERESTS+
HOPESEXPECTATIONS
RULESDESTINY
OBLIGATIONS
CHILD FEATURESTEMPERAMENT
REACTIVITYATTENTION SPAN
INTEREST IN NOVELTYTALENTS
+DUTIES
BIRTH ORDERRESEMBLANCE
CULTURAL EXPECTATIONSGENDER
APPEARANCE
Goodness of Fit: Goodness of Fit: “ideal”“ideal”
PARENT PARENT Expectation Expectation
Active, energeticActive, energetic
Likes music Likes music
Wanted a boy Wanted a boy
INFANTINFANT Child has easy Child has easy
temperamenttemperament Child is athletic and Child is athletic and
interested interested Likes music Likes music
Child is a boyChild is a boy
Poor fit Poor fit
PARENTPARENT Parent is exhausted and Parent is exhausted and
stressed stressed Low level of energy Low level of energy Active, likes sports Active, likes sports
Conflict with own father Conflict with own father
CHILD CHILD Child is irritable and Child is irritable and
“high demand”“high demand” Sleeping difficultiesSleeping difficulties Is floppy and low Is floppy and low
muscular tonemuscular tone Child resembles the Child resembles the
grandfathergrandfather
Goodness of fit Goodness of fit
DEGREE OF DEGREE OF FLEXIBILITY FLEXIBILITY
ACCEPTING THE ACCEPTING THE REALITYREALITY
CAPACITY TO “READ” CAPACITY TO “READ” THE CHILD THE CHILD
EMPATHY/EMPATHY/MENTALIZATIONMENTALIZATION
MATERNAL OR MATERNAL OR PATERNAL INSTINCTPATERNAL INSTINCT
ADAPTABILITYADAPTABILITY
CAPACITY TO READ CAPACITY TO READ PARENTPARENT
““BABYNESS”BABYNESS” ““SOCIAL ORIENTATION”SOCIAL ORIENTATION” DEVELOPMENTAL PUSH DEVELOPMENTAL PUSH
PARENT CHILD
Goodness of fit Goodness of fit
Parent adapts caregiving to child’s unique Parent adapts caregiving to child’s unique characteristicscharacteristics
Parent modifies expectationParent modifies expectation Parent alters discipline strategiesParent alters discipline strategies Child creates own environmentChild creates own environment Child “disarms” parentChild “disarms” parent Child reinforces parentChild reinforces parent
Positive mutual feedbackPositive mutual feedbackINFANT IS IRRITABLE ANDCRIES FREQUENTLY, HIGH
DEMANDS
CAREGIVEREXPERIENCES
EMPATHY AND COMPASSION TOWARD
INFANT
CAREGIVER TRIES TECHNIQUES TO CALM
INFANT, CARRYING, BUFFERING, DISTRACTING
CHILD REMAINSCALM LONGER
PERIODS OF TIME
Vicious cycle feedbackVicious cycle feedback
CHILD IS FUSSY ANDIRRITABLE
CAREGIVER IS MOSTLYANGRY AND READS
AS MANIPULATION , SPOILED
CAREGIVER IGNORESYELLS, SHAKES
SPANKS THE INFANT
INFANT BECOMES INCREASINGLY DYSREGULATED,
UNABLE TO CALM,DISORGANIZED
Effects of child on parent Effects of child on parent
TODDLER DISOBEYSTRANSGRESSION
THROWS A TEMPERTANTRUM
PARENT BECOMESEXASPERATED, LOSES
TEMPER
CHILD SHOWS SENSE OF HUMORMAKES PARENT LAUGH
CHANGES TONE OF INTERACTION
PARENT CALMS DOWNSEES THE “BIG PICTURE”
LETS TH INGS GO
CHILD LEARNSFROM
EXPERIENCE
Mutual coercive training (Mutual coercive training (GR Patterson)GR Patterson)
CAREGIVER USESMOSTLY COERCIVE
STRATEGIES(THREATS, PHYSICAL,
PUNISHMENTS)
CHILDCOMPLIES
CHID LEARNSTO COMPLY MOSTLY IF
UNDER DURESSOR THREAT
CHILD DOES NOTCOMPLY
CHILD, IF STRONG RESISTANCE, NO
COMPLIANCE AND NOT FOLLOWRULES