GONAD GLANDS

By: Michelle Soroksky, Mahlet Mesfin, & Gaby Valenzuela – Period 2

Endocrine System• The endocrine system is a collection of glands, each of

which secrets different types of hormones that regulates metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood, among other things.

• The endocrine system Is one of the most important systems because it roduces and manages our hormones making sure there is a balances amount

Gonad Glands• Gonads are the organs that make gametes. The gonads in

males are the testes and in females they are the ovaries. • Gametes are haploid germ cells. In males they are

spermatozoon and in the females they are the egg cells

Location

Women: ovaries; on both

sides of the uterus below

the opening of the fallopian

tubes

Men: testes; hang in a

pouch of skin called a scrotum

outside the male body

Role & Function• The gonads are the male or female sex organs. They

make sperm and egg cells.

Hormones• Females: estrogen and progesterone

• Males: testosterone androsterone

Estrogen and Progesterone • Controls a woman’s menstrual cycle• Cyclic changes inside the uterus:• 1. The development, ripening, and discharge of the egg

(ovulation) to be fertilized• 2. The preparation of the lining of the uterus to receive a

fertilized egg• 3. Dismantling of the lining

Testosterone • Testosterone is the most active and abundant of the

androgens. It helps grow facial hair and helps to create/grow the male reproductive system

Androsterone

• Androsterone is one of the androgens, which are steroid hormones that affect the masculinization of the fetus and child that maintain or create masculine traits in adults.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadismCauses and Symptoms

• Description:  a condition in which the gonad glands produce little or no sex hormones.

• Causes: • a lack of hormones that stimulate the

ovaries or testes (FSH)• Genetic defects• High doses or long-term use of opioid or

steroid medications• Symptoms:

• Females: Lack of breasts and menstrual periods

• Males: No development of sex characteristics

• Both: Inability to smell, short stature, lack of development at puberty

Diagram

Menopause

Description, Causes, & Symptoms

• Description: When a woman does not produce eggs anymore and menstruation has stopped completely

• Causes:• A woman’s ovaries stop making

eggs and they produce less estrogen and progesterone

• Symptoms:• Irregular menstrual periods,

estrogen/progesterone levels decrease, egg production becomes infrequent

Diagram

Fun Facts

• Females are born with all the eggs they will ever have. Males don't start to make sperm until puberty, and continue to make new supplies their whole life.

• The testes hang away from the body in the scrotum because sperm needs to be kept a few degrees cooler than body temperature to function best.

• The testis are kept separate from the rest of the body by something called the 'blood-testis barrier'. This stops the immune system from seeing the testes, because it would see the sperm cells as foreign and try to destroy them.

• The gonads in both sexes are the main source of sex steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone in females, testosterone in males)

Bibliographies• Diagram showing Gonad diseases. Wkimedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Diagram_showing_the_disruption_of_the_hormonal_pathways_of_puberty_due_to_the_failure_of_GnRH_release_seen_in_KS_and_HH.gif>.

• Endocrine System Diagram. Pauerhome. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.pauerhome.com/ryan/endocrine_system/endocrine_system_diagrams/gonads_diagram.jpg>.

• FAQs. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.faqs.org/health-encyc/Diseases-of-The-Body/Diseases-of-the-Endocrine-Glands.html#b>.

• Fertilization. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sperm-egg.jpg>.• "The Gonads." FAQs. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.faqs.org/health-encyc/Your-Body/The-Endocrine-

Glands-The-gonads.html>.• Gonads. Medicalook. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.medicalook.com/systems_images/Gonads_large.gif>.• "Human Gonad." Wikipedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Wikipedia. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gonad>.• "Spermatozoon." Wikipedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Wikipedia. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon>.• Testicle. Medical.cdn.patient.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://medical.cdn.patient.co.uk/images/146.gif>.• "Uterus." WiseGeek. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

<http://images.wisegeek.com/b85850ab01f30cb0d3e105ab165533e1.jpg>.• Shmaefsky, Brian R. "Gonads." Applied Anatomy & Physiology. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 

     277-78. Print. • "Menopause." A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. • Androsterone. Ebay. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013. <http://reviews.ebay.com/ 

     What-Are-PROHORMONES-Guide?ugid=10000000006223516>. • "Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism." PubMed Health. N.p., 16 Aug. 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 

     2013. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001427/>. 

Concept Check• 1. The gonad in males is/are

A) testosteroneB) ovariesC) TestesD) Scrotum

• 2. The gonads in females is/areA) estrogenB) OvariesC) WombD) Fallopian tubes

• 3. The role of Gonads in males is toA) make egg cells B) make sperm cellsC) help with hair growth D) protect organs

• 4.Open Ended: What is the function of the gonads in the human body?

• C• B• B• Gonads are the organs that make gametes. The gonads

in males are the testes and in females they are the ovaries.