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GOLDEN RICE TECHNOLOGY 11 MBO 104. M.PHIL DEPT OF BOTANY

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Page 1: Golden rice ppt

GOLDEN RICE TECHNOLOGY11 MBO 104.

M.PHIL

DEPT OF BOTANY

Page 2: Golden rice ppt

Golden rice is a variety of Oryza

sativa rice produced from genetic

engineering

Biofortification-noun. The creation of

plants that make or accumulate

micronutrients

Main purpose is to provide pro-

vitamin A to third world, developing,

countries where malnutrition and

vitamin A deficiency are common

INTRODUCTION

Page 3: Golden rice ppt

CLASSIFICATION OF ORYZA SATIVA

Common Name: Asian Rice

Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Anthophyta

Monocot Class: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Oryza Species: O. sativa Binomial Nomenclature: Oryza sativa

Page 4: Golden rice ppt

WHY RICE?

Other plants, such as sweet potatoes have varieties that are either rich

(orange-fleshed) or poor (white fleshed) in pro-vitamin A

Carrots were originally white or purple in the 1600’s. A Dutch horticulturist

mutated the carrot to produce carotenes to symbolize the color of the

Dutch Royal House of Orange

Global staple food. Cultivated for over

10,000 years

Rice provides as much as 80 percent or

more of the daily caloric intake of 3 billion

people, which is half the world’s

population

Page 5: Golden rice ppt

WHO BEGAN THE GOLDEN RICE PROJECT? Started in 1982 by Ingo Potrykus-Professor emeritus of the Institute for Plant

Sciences

Peter Beyer-Professor of Centre for Applied Biosciences, Uni. Of Freiburg,

Germany

Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Swiss Federal Institute of

Technology, and Syngenta, a crop protection company.

Golden Rice Humanitarian Board-responsible

for the global development, introduction

and free distribution of Golden Rice to target

countries.

Page 6: Golden rice ppt

EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) include; night

blindness, increased susceptibility to infection and cancer,

anemia (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin),

deterioration of the eye tissue, and cardiovascular disease

Nearly 9 million children die from malnutrition each year.

A large proportion of those children die from common

illnesses that could have been avoided through adequate

nutrition

The reduced immune competence increases the

morbidity and mortality rates of children

Page 7: Golden rice ppt

GOALS: MORE IS WHAT WE AIM FOR

Mutate rice plants to produce carotenoids, or organic

pigments, specifically β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) in the

endosperm, the edible part of the grain

Make Golden Rice accessible locally, free of charge to

farmers, who are able to grow, save, consume, replant and

locally sell Golden Rice

Vitamin A(Retinol)

Page 8: Golden rice ppt

HOW DOES IT WORK? The addition of 2 genes in the rice genome will complete the

biosynthetic pathway

1. Phytoene synthase (psy) – derived from daffodils

(Narcissus pseudonarcissus)

(Phytoene synthase is a transferase enzyme involved in the

biosynthesis of carotenoids. It catalyzes the conversion of

geranylgerany pyrophosphate to phytoene.)

2. Lycopene cyclase (crt1) – from soil bacteria Erwinia

uredovora

Produces enzymes and catalysts for the biosynthesis of

carotenoids (β-carotene) in the endosperm

Page 9: Golden rice ppt

The psy and crt1 genes were transformed into the

rice nuclear genome and placed under the control of

an endosperm-specific promoter, so they are only

expressed in the endosperm.

The exogenous lyc gene has a transit peptide

sequence attached so it is targeted to the plastid,

where geranylgerany diphosphate formation occurs.

The bacterial crt1 gene was an important inclusion

to complete the pathway, since it can catalyze

multiple steps in the synthesis of carotenoid, while

these steps require more than one enzyme in

plants.

Page 10: Golden rice ppt

The end product of the engineered

pathway is lycopene, but if the plant

accumulated lycopene, the rice would be

red.

Recent analysis has shown the plant's

endogenous enzymes process the lycopene

to beta-carotene in the endosperm, giving

the rice the distinctive yellow color for

which it is named. The original golden rice was

called SGR1, and under greenhouse conditions it

produced 1.6 µg/g of carotenoids.

Page 11: Golden rice ppt

ADVANTAGE

Golden rice give more quantity vitamin-A

Easy distribution when released to needy

Cheaper option to supply vitamin A requirement compared to other

supplementary measures

Sustainable option as once released for common cultivation can be

cultivated every growing season by farmer saved seeds, therefore no

need of yearly budgetary investment for distribution

Page 12: Golden rice ppt

Health

May cause allergies or fail to perform desired effect

Supply does not provide a substantial quantity as the

recommended daily intake

Environment

Loss of Biodiversity. May become a gregarious weed and

endanger the existence of natural rice plants

Genetic contamination of natural, global staple foods

Culture

Some people prefer to cultivate and eat only white rice based

on traditional values and spiritual beliefs

DISADVANTAGE

Page 13: Golden rice ppt

THANK YOU