Glossing - Lesson 1Simplify the forms of English verbs

Lesson 1AWrite the gloss

word as it would appear in the dictionary◦ Learning =◦ Thinks =◦ Happened =

Drop the –ing, -s, and –ed endings

Irregulars◦ Has = HAVE◦ Did = DO◦ Went = GO◦ Left = LEAVE◦ Saw = SEE

Things to rememberPresent

Progressive◦ When a present

tense “to be” verb is followed by an –ing

◦ Currently ongoing I am walking. She is signing.

◦ Change “to be” verb to “NOW”

Gerunds◦ Verb that

functions as a noun Running is good for

you.◦ Write the root

gloss word followed by ITSELF

Things to rememberSometimes the –

ing must be kept for clarification◦ That dog is mean!

◦ What did that note mean?

◦ Bowl vs. Bowling◦ Fish vs. Fishing

Infinitives◦ Verbs with “to”

connected To hit = To speak =

◦ Drop the “to”

Things to rememberHelping verbs

◦ Was and were become PAST Was sewing

Were plowing

◦ Have, has, had become FINISH at the end of the sentence Have walked

Has eaten

Had driven

Examples 1AMy dog always watches TV.

My mother loved that cat.

She stole my book.

Lesson 1BMany verbs are

verb phrasesExamples:

◦ Hand out =

◦ Make up =

◦ Split up =◦ Look for =

The general rule is to find a single-word synonym and use its simplest form

In English, verb phrases can be split up.◦ You always make

stuff up. “make up”

Examples 1BYesterday, our army gave up!

He shows his cow off.

She always shows off.