GLOPEMGLOPEMPolitical Theory and Political ThoughtPolitical Theory and Political Thought

MODULE 1MODULE 1

Political Thought and European Political Thought and European Democracy (3 cfu)Democracy (3 cfu)

G. CostanzoG. Costanzo

Charles-Louis Charles-Louis dede Secondat Secondat MontesquieuMontesquieu1689 - 17551689 - 1755

17481748

31 books31 books

Forms of government Forms of government

Quantity/nature = Who?Quantity/nature = Who?

Quality/principle = How?Quality/principle = How?

Forms of government Forms of government Republican governmentRepublican government - Democratical virtue- Democratical virtue

- Aristocratical moderation- Aristocratical moderation Monarchical Monarchical honorhonor Despotical Despotical fearfear

Forms of Government: Forms of Government:

Democratic Rep. GovernmentDemocratic Rep. Government “ “Athens and Rome”Athens and Rome”

Aristocratic Rep. GovernmentAristocratic Rep. Government “ “Venice”Venice”

Monarchical GovernmentMonarchical Government “ “France”France”

Despotical GovernmentDespotical Government “ “Turkish empire”Turkish empire”

Powers Powers

Legislative Legislative

ExecutiveExecutive

JudiciaryJudiciary

Risks Risks Legislative + Judiciary Legislative + Judiciary

Arbitrary controlArbitrary control

Legislative + executiveLegislative + executive

Tyrannical lawsTyrannical laws

Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy (moderate government)(moderate government)

Despotic governmentDespotic government (not separated powers)(not separated powers)

English constitutional English constitutional government government

Political freedomPolitical freedom

Separation of powersSeparation of powers

Democratic governmentDemocratic government

VirtueVirtue

- equality- equality

- frugality- frugality

Dangers Dangers

ExternalExternal - foreign force- foreign force

InternalInternal - spirit of inequality - spirit of inequality - spirit of extreme equality- spirit of extreme equality

Against external dangers: Against external dangers:

Federal RepublicFederal Republic

- internal advantages- internal advantages

- external advantages- external advantages

DebateDebate

Monarchical systemMonarchical system Republican systemRepublican system

Absolute monarchyAbsolute monarchy Constitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchy

Despotic governmentDespotic government Free governmentFree government

LockeLocke

Supremacy of Supremacy of the the

LegislativeLegislative

Liberty before Liberty before constitution of constitution of three Powersthree Powers

MontesquieuMontesquieu

Equality of Equality of PowersPowers

Liberty derives Liberty derives from separation from separation of Powersof Powers