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Definition for global warming - what is global warming?

The question about the definition for global

warming or in other words "what is global warming"

is relatively easy to answer. On a cold winter night,

you would have snuggled under a blanket to keep

yourself comfortably warm. Imagine if someone

were to cover you with a dozen blankets? It would

get very HOT! If you have experienced this, you will

understand global warming better.

Earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases

called atmosphere. A few of these, called the

greenhouse gases (water vapour, carbon dioxide,

methane, nitrous oxide) have the ability to trap

heat.

Just as a blanket keeps you warm, the

greenhouse gases make the Earth warm. Without

this warmth, the Earth would be too cold for us to

live in. However, when there is too much of gases in

the atmosphere, the Earth becomes too HOT! This

overheating of the Earth due to excess of

Greenhouse gases is called GLOBAL WARMING.

The phrase global warming refers to the

documented historical warming of the Earth’s

surface based upon worldwide temperature records

that have been maintained by humans since the

1880s. The term global warming is often used

synonymously with the term climate change, but

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the two terms have distinct meanings. Global

warming is the combined result of anthropogenic

(human-caused) emissions of greenhouse gases and

changes in solar irradiance, while climate changes

refers to any change in the state of the climate that

can be identified by changes in the average and/or

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the variability of its properties (eg.., temperature,

precipitation), and that persists for an extended

period, typically decades or longer.

Prediction for future temperature

increase (global warming predictions)

According to different assumption about the future

behaviour of mankind, a projection of current trends

as represented by a number of different scenarios

gives temperature increases of about 3° to 5° C (5°

to 9° Fahrenheit) by the year 2100 or soon

afterwards. A 3°C or 5° Fahrenheit rise would likely

raise sea levels by about 25 meters (about 82 feet).

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Even if the global warming effects would convince

mankind to stop emitting greenhouse gases, the

global warming is expected to continue past 2100

because carbon dioxide (CO2) has an estimated

atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200 years.

Causes of Global Warming

Automotive Applications• Use of Automobiles has the major share.• Tail and emissions increase the

greenhouse gases.• Excessive use of fuels demanding more

resources Thermal Power Generation.• Usage of coal reducing the fossil resources.• Burning of coal increasing the pollution.• Chimney top emissions in Factories.

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Effects of global warming

Main effects of global warming

One of the most current and widely discussed factors which could lead to the ultimate end of existence of Earth and man is global warming and its devastating effects. Scientists have asked how fast the Earth is heating up, and how the warming effects on Earth may affect crops and climatic conditions.

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Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on; rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps, and significant worldwide climatic changes.

There are two major effects of global

warming:

1) Increase of temperature on the earth by about 3°

to 5° C (34° to 41° Fahrenheit) by the year 2100.

2) Rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82 feet)

by the year 2100.

More details and secondary effects

of global warming:

Increasing global temperatures are the primary

effects of global warming. However they are

causing a broad range of additional, secondary

effects:

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Since 1980, Earth has experienced 19 of its 20

hottest year on record.

The sea levels are rising faster, threatening to flood

coasts, wetlands and many low-lying islands.

On an average, rainfall and snowfall patterns have

changed across the globe. Around the world,

glaciers are melting rapidly.

Raised temperatures have also triggered the

extinction of many animal and plant species.

Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of

the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice.

Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing.

The total annual power of hurricanes has already

increased markedly since 1975 because their

average intensity and average duration have

increased (in addition, there has been a high

correlation of hurricane power with tropical sea-

surface temperature).

Changes in temperature and precipitation

patterns have also global effects on extreme

weather events: They increase the frequency,

duration, and intensity of floods, droughts, heat

waves, and tornadoes. Other effects of global

warming include higher or lower agricultural yields,

further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream

flows, species extinctions. As further effects of

global warming, diseases like malaria are returning

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into areas where they have been extinguished

earlier

Although global warming is affecting the

number and magnitude of these events, it is difficult

to connect specific events to global warming.

Although most studies focus on the period up to

2100, warming is expected to continue past then

because carbon dioxide (chemical symbol CO2) has

an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 50 to 200

years.

The greenhouse effect

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Global Warming is when the earth heats up. It

happens when the green house gases trap heat &

light from sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which

increases the temperature. This is called Green

house effect.

Green House Gases:

Gases involved in Green house effect are

– CO2- Carbon Dioxide

– NO2- Nitrogen Dioxide

– CFC’s- Chloro fluoro carbons

– CO- Carbon Monoxide

– SO2- Sulfur dioxide

– Lead

– VOC’s (Volatile organic Compounds)

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The greenhouse effect is a necessary phenomenon that keeps all Earth's heat from escaping to the outer atmosphere. Without the natural greenhouse effect it is certain that life on Earth would be difficult to sustain.

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In case of no Green House Gases:Temperatures on Earth would be

much lower than they are now, & existence of life on this planet would not be possible. The global average temperature would drop precipitously 33° from its current 15° to-18°C. Earth would become an ice planet.

However, too many greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere could increase the greenhouse effect.

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What can we do to bring down CO2?

• Replace your bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps.

• Use solar devises for heating.• Construct Green buildings.• Turn off your computers when not in use.• Switch off the lights while sleeping or when

office shuts down.• Check your car

or motorcycle tyres.

• Buy energy-efficient appliances.

• Buy fuel-efficient vehicles…

• Switch to bio fuels or bikes.

• Walk, don’t drive.

• Save paper to save trees.• Rationalize price of electricity by installing

energy efficient pump sets.• Grow more trees.• Use public transport• Get your vehicles pollution checked from time

to time.• Switch to wind power.• Stop the usage of plastic bags.• Don’t keep your fridge doors open for too

long.• Educate others.

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What government can do?

• Should improve public transport facilities.• Renewable sources should be used to

produce electricity.• Should take measures to educate people

regarding usage of electricity and fuels.• Strict laws should be made for companies to

change their products as eco friendly.• Implementing policies regarding Electrical

Vehicles which encourage the people to use them.

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Steps against global warming

Today’s greatest issue seems to be global warming and how we can become more aware of the harmful effects it has on the environment and affects on our lives. The increase and build up of carbon dioxide and methane gases in the atmosphere cause an abnormal blanketing effect, which heats up the environment. This abnormal heating triggers damaging climate changes in weather patterns, sea level and the actual air quality. There are numerous and simple steps we can implement to help lessen the damaging results of global warming. It all comes down to a willingness to incorporate these simple

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measures into our daily routines. Read on to learn more.

Step1Change standard incandescent light bulbs in your home and place of work. Use compact fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs. Compact fluorescent bulbs use less electricity, give off the same amount of light and are less expensive to use. This will help the environment and save you on your electric bill.

Step2Replace old electronics and other appliances with energy efficient ones. Many stores carry energy efficient model appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, washer and dryers and air conditioners. You will be able to easily identify these appliances with the energy efficiency sticker they are commonly labeled with. Again, making this switch will help the environment and global warming, while saving you money on your electric bill.

Step3Lessen your electrical usage. This can easily be accomplished by making sure lights are turned off in rooms where no one is present. Also, unplug all non-essential appliances (DVD players, stereos, televisions and more) when they are not being used and this will cut down on what is known as phantom load that occurs with appliance that still draw energy even when not being used.

Step4Install water saving shower heads and faucets. These utilize a low-flow system that will allow the homeowner to use half the amount of water, while not hindering performance and function. Keeping

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with water conservation, it can benefit the environment and the consumer greatly to turn down the hot water heater temperature to 120 degrees F. This is a simple way to do your part in the fight against global warming, while seeing hot water costs going down.

Step5Switch to environmentally and globally safe cleaning products. These products are commonly known as “green” products because they are safe for the environment. So, look for products that are "eco-friendly."

Step6Learn to recycle. In most every community in the United States, there is a recycling program initiative. Recycling paper, plastics, glass products and metals can dramatically cut down on the pollutant gases that are emitted at landfills. Also, learn to buy products that are made from recycled material.

Step7Plant some trees. One of the biggest problems about global warming stems from foresting practices like logging and slash and burn farming. Combine this with intensive livestock practices that are incorporated by big farm corporations and you have the main reason for 90 percent of forests in the United States being destroyed. Destroying forests only adds more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere since trees absorb carbon

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dioxide. So, plant a tree and shade your neighborhood naturally.

Step8Tune up your car periodically. Make sure your tires are inflated properly because this can lessen the amount of gas your car has to burn. For two car families, try to drive the car that gets better gas mileage more often.

Step9Leave the car at home. Whenever possible, walk, bicycle or use public transportation. This will cut down on harmful car emissions released into the environment.

Step10Switch to organic food products. These products are produced through environmentally sound means and are healthier for human consumption. Many of these organic food products are commonly found in today’s grocery store, making it easier to switch to these more nutritious and environmentally safe products. There are organic eggs, cheeses, milk, meats, fruits and vegetables and breads. The selection is in abundance; but it is up to you to make this simple switch which can send a strong message to corporate farms that utilize non-environmentally safe practices to produce food.

A reality in pictures

If a picture is worth a thousand words………..

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• Before the warming: Glacier National Park, USA 1932

• After the warming: Glacier National Park, USA 1988

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• Before the warming: Peru, 1980

• After the warming: Peru, 2002

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• Before the warming: Kilimanjaro, 1970

• After the warming: Kilimanjaro, 2000

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• Before the warming: Nepal, 1978

• After the warming: Nepal, 2004

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• Even more obvious from space, this pictures of the North Polar cap from NASA show a melting of 25% in 25 years:

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CONLUSION:

Global warming is a serious threat that our planet is facing today. If we work together we can slow down global warming.

One tree absorbs one tone of CO2 during its lifetime. The estimated population of India in March 2008 was 1.13 billion. If each person plants just one tree in a lifetime, we can eliminate 1.13 billion tone of CO2 from the atmosphere.

On an average a person who lets the tap run while he brushes his teeth, wastes about 7 litres of water. If 1.13 billion Indians change this habit, we could save 1.13 billion × 7 litres of water, in just a day!Small individual actions such as switching off the lights when not required, or using compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) instead of bulbs can slow down global warming. When we make a conscious effort, we bring about a positive change and save our planet from heating up further! While we work towards slowing down global warming, we should remember this saying,

“Alone, we can make a difference; together, we can change the world.”

On 31st March 2007, 2.2 million people in Sydney unitedly switched off their lights and other electrical appliances for one hour. They saved energy and prevented the release of 24.86 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in THAT ONE HOUR.

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Why are trees important?

1.Trees release oxygen, an element essential for all living things to survive.

2.By absorbing carbon dioxide, a hazardous greenhouse gas, and gradually storing it, trees play a critical role in protecting Earth from the climate change that is happening.

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What happens when trees are felled?

An average tree absorbs 1100 kg of CO2 in its lifetime. Over the years, billions of tones of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are absorbed by the world’s forests. Therefore, every time a tree is cut or burnt down, all the carbon stored in it is released once again into the atmosphere. This happens on a large scale,

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through deforestation, when huge quantities of carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. This speeds up global warming.But you can make a difference and TOGETHER we can change the world. By planting a tree you can remove about one tone of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. With a population of over a billion, if each of us in India were to plant one tree, together we can remove over 1 billion tone of CO2 from the atmosphere.Go ahead plant a solution………….PLANT MORE TREES.

A project on Environmental Management

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Submitted To: Prof. Jyoti Maliwar

Compiled By:Angelina Poojari 37Jay Raichura 38Carol Rodrigues 39Ankita Satam 40Poornima Sawant 41Hemali Shah 42

Class: F.Y.BMS (SEM – II) Batch No. VII

Date: 5/01/10

Shri Chinai College of Commerce and Economics

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is no different. We would like to thank Prof. Jyoti Maliwar for giving us an opportunity for doing the project together and for helping and guiding us in completion of the project. We would also like to thank our parents and friends who have supported and helped us in the project and constantly motivated us in doing the project. This was a new learning experience for us and will definitely help us in future. Regardless of the source, we wish to express our gratitude to those who have contributed to this work even though anonymously.

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INDEXDEFINITION

CAUSES

EFFECTS

GREENHOUSE EFFECTS

WHAT CAN WE DO TO BRING DOWN CO2?

WHAT CAN GOVERNMENT DO?

STEPS AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING

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A REALITY IN PICTURES

CONCLUSION