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GLOBAL WARMING AND GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Topic of the Presentation is …

Global Warming Global warming is the rise in the

average temperature of Earth's atmosphere.

Observed temperature changes

The Earth's average surface temperature rose by 0.74±0.18 °C over the period 1906–2005.

The rate of warming over the last half of that period was almost double

Greenhouse gasesThe greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal

radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all

directions.

Con…Naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases have a mean warming

effect of about 33 °C (59 °F).The major greenhouse gases are Water vapor, which causes about 36–70% of the greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes 9–26% Methane (CH4), which causes 4–9%; and Ozone (O3), which causes 3–7%.

Observed and expected environmental effects

Detection and attribution may also be applied to observed changes in physical, ecological and social systems.

Natural systemsGlobal warming has been detected in a number of natural

systems. e.g. sea level rise and widespread decreases in snow and ice extent.

Ecological systemsclimate change is expected to particularly affect certain

ecosystems, including tundra, mangroves, and coral reefs. Dissolved CO2 increases ocean acidity.

Observed and expected effects on social systems

Food security- Under present trends, by 2030, decrease by up to 30% while rice, millet and maize in South Asia could decrease by up to 10%.

Habitat inundation- Maldives, Tuvalu and homelessness in countries with low lying areas such asBangladesh

Responses to global warming Mitigation : The IPCC defines mitigation as activities that reduce

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many countries, both developing and developed, are aiming to use cleaner, less polluting, technologies.

Energy-related carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2010 were the highest in history, breaking the prior record set in 2008.

CON… Adaptation : A concept related to adaptation is "adaptive

capacity," which is the ability of a system (human, natural or managed) to adjust to climate change

CON… Geoengineering : Geoengineering, the deliberate modification of

the climate, has been investigated as a possible response to global warming, e.g. by NASA and the Royal Society

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