GLOBAL WARMING

&

ITS EFFECTS

BY :

SUPRATIK CHAKRABORTY

Global Global WarmingWarmingAn average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface and in the troposphere1, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns

• Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil)Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil)

Power plantsPower plants generate electricity generate electricity

Transportation-----fuels for transports Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil)(E.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil)

Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of cement, steel, aluminium)cement, steel, aluminium)

CAUSES

• Concentration of greenhouse Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is highly gases in the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activitiesincreasing by human activities

→ → Leads to the increasing seriousness of Leads to the increasing seriousness of global warmingglobal warming

Increase in greenhouse Increase in greenhouse gasesgases

GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE : IIncreased about ncreased about 0.6°C/century since 0.6°C/century since the late19th centurythe late19th century & increased to to 2°C/century over the 2°C/century over the past 25 years.past 25 years.

SEA LEVEL SEA LEVEL RISING RISING :: rising at an average rate of 1 - 2 mm/year over the past 100 years.

EFFECTS

Increase in average temperature More extreme heat waves during the

summer; Less extreme cold spells during the

winter Harmful to those with heart problems,

asthma, the elderly, the very young and the homeless

Direct Temperature Direct Temperature EffectsEffects

• Increase the risk of some infectious Increase the risk of some infectious diseasesdiseases [particularly that appear in warm [particularly that appear in warm areas; are spread by mosquitoes and other areas; are spread by mosquitoes and other insects]insects]

E.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, E.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis encephalitis

Algal blooms occur more frequently as Algal blooms occur more frequently as temperatures warm (particularly in areas temperatures warm (particularly in areas with polluted waters) with polluted waters)

Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal blooms become more frequentblooms become more frequent

Climate-sensitive Climate-sensitive diseasesdiseases

Rising temperatures and variable precipitation

Decrease the production of staple foods in many of the poorest regions

Increasing risks of malnutrition

Food supplyFood supply

• Continuous rising in the sea level

• Increase in the risk of flooding has nnecessitate population displacement. ecessitate population displacement.

More than halfMore than half of the world's population now of the world's population now lives within 60km of the sea. lives within 60km of the sea.

Most vulnerable regions: Nile delta in Egypt, the Most vulnerable regions: Nile delta in Egypt, the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, many small islands, such as the Maldives, the many small islands, such as the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu. Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.

Population displacement Population displacement

Skin CancerSkin Cancer    an abnormal growth of skin an abnormal growth of skin tissues. tissues.

Premature agingPremature aging make the skin thick, make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery  wrinkled, and leathery  

CataractsCataracts  No longer have transparent lenses in No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes their eyes

Suppression of ImmunitySuppression of Immunity    Overexposure Overexposure to UV radiation suppress proper functioning of to UV radiation suppress proper functioning of the body's immune system and natural defenses the body's immune system and natural defenses of skinof skin UV-B radiation weakens the immune UV-B radiation weakens the immune system increases the chance of infection and system increases the chance of infection and diseasedisease

UV Exposure UV Exposure

The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research has reported that, if the predictions relating to global warming made by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change come to fruition, climate-related factors could cause India's GDP to decline by up to 9%; contributing to this would be shifting growing seasons for major crops such as rice, production of which could fall by 40%. Around seven million people are projected to be displaced due to, among other factors, submersion of parts of Mumbai and Chennai, if global temperatures were to rise by a mere 2 °C

Serious concern for IndiaSerious concern for India

• Set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories.

• Develop the skills of using renewable energy sources, e.g. solar energy & wind energy.

• Build more plants to reduce the CO2 rate.

• Reduce the use of plastic bags as burning of plastics produces (CH4) methane gases.

• reduce the use of air-conditioner, which will emit CFCs.

• use public transportation instead of private cars → reduce the pollutants emitted by cars

Measures on Measures on controlling the problemcontrolling the problem

THANK YOUTHANK YOU