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Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

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Page 1: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Global Poverty

Global Warming

Global Population

Page 2: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population
Page 3: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Nobody ever died from overpopulation.

Or did they?

Page 4: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“We poor people are invisible to others - just as blind people cannot see, they cannot see us.”

Source: World Bank

Global Poverty

Page 5: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

More than one billion people in the world live on less than one dollar a day.

Another 2.7 billion struggle to survive on less than two dollars per day.

Page 6: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population
Page 7: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population
Page 8: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

In Africa alone, about twelve million young children die of poverty every year.

The majority of these die from completely preventable diseases such as malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia as well as conditions such as malnutrition.

In fact, every 30 seconds an African child dies of malaria.

More than 50 percent of Africans suffer from water-related diseases such as cholera and infant diarrhea.

Page 9: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population
Page 10: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

"Lack of work worries me. My children were hungry and I told them the rice is cooking, until they fell asleep from hunger."

— an older man from Bedsa, Egypt Source: UN Millennium Project, World Bank

Page 11: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population
Page 12: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“When I leave for school in the mornings I don’t have any breakfast. At noon there is no lunch, in the evening I get a little supper, and that is not enough. So when I see another child eating, I watch him, and if he doesn’t give me something I think I’m going to die of hunger.” —A 10-year-old child, Gabon 1997

Page 13: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“Don’t ask me what poverty is because you have met it outside my house. Look at the house and count the number of holes. Look at my utensils and the clothes that I am wearing. Look at everything and write what you see. What you see is poverty.”

—A poor man, Kenya 1997

Source: UN Millennium Project, World Bank

Page 14: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

•More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day...300 million are children.

More than one billion people still use unsafe sources of drinking water.

Four out of every ten people in the world don’t have access even to a simple latrine.

Page 15: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“We know that cutting down trees will cause water shortages and that making charcoal can cause forest fires, but we have no choice. Because we lack food, we have to exploit the forest….”—A resident of Ha Tinh, Vietnam

Source: World Bank

Poverty & Population

Page 16: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Affluence & Population

The average American generates four pounds of solid trash per day - or 1,460 pounds per year. Less than one-quarter of it is recycled, leaving the rest for land fills and incinerators. Although Americans represent roughly 5% of the world's population, we generate about one third of its waste.

Source: Annenberg Foundation

Page 17: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Total US Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

Thousand Metric Tons

1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000

Source: G. Marland, T. Boden, and R. Andres, National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2000, August 28, 2003

Global Warming

Page 18: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

The present concentration has not been exceeded during the past 420,000 years and probably not during the past 20 million years. The current rate of increase is unprecedented.

Global Warming

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)has increased by 31% since 1750.

Source: Working Group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Page 19: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“Assuming continued growth in world greenhouse gas emissions, the primary climate models drawn upon for the analyses carried out in the U.S. National Assessment, projected that temperatures in the continental United States will rise 3–5°C (5–9°F) on average during the 21st century.”

Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)

Page 20: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Climate change is likely to cause long-term shifts in forest species, such as the disappearance of sugar maples from the United States.

Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)

Page 21: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“For coral reefs, the combined effects of increased CO2 concentration, climate change, and other stresses are very likely to exceed a critical threshold, causing large irreversible impacts.”

Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)

Page 22: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“Other ecosystems, such as southeastern forests, are likely to experience major species shifts or break up into a mosaic of grasslands, woodlands, and forests.”

Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)

Page 23: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

“Alpine meadows in the Rocky Mountains are likely to disappear entirely in some areas.”

Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)

Page 24: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Some barrier islands are also likely to disappear.

Source: US Climate Action Report (U.S. Department of State, May 2002)

Page 25: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Glaciers and ice caps are projected to continue their widespread retreat during the 21st century. Ice sheets will continue to react to climate warming and contribute to sea level rise for thousands of years after climate has been stabilized.

Source: Working Group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Page 26: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Humans are Recent Arrivals

• Earth - 4.5 Billion Years

• Multi-cellularity – 600 Million Years

• Homo erectus - 1.8 Million Years

• Human Population Growth into Billions - Last 200 Years

One Million Years Of Human Growth

Hu

man

Po

p. I

n B

illio

ns

Page 27: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population
Page 29: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Glacier National Park, Montana Grinnell Glacier: 1911 vs. 2000.

Page 30: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

                                         

                                                 

Page 31: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

A.D.2000

A.D.1000

A.D.1

1000B.C.

2000B.C.

3000B.C.

4000B.C.

5000B.C.

6000B.C.

7000B.C.

1+ million years

8

7

6

5

2

1

4

3

OldStoneAge New Stone Age

BronzeAge

IronAge

MiddleAges

ModernAge

Black Death —The Plague

9

10

11

12

A.D.3000

A.D.4000

A.D.5000

18001900

1950

1975

2000

2100

Future

Bill

ion

s

Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

World Population Growth Through History

Page 32: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

Rates of birth, death, and natural increase per 1,000 population

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1936-1938

1946-1948

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

Birth rate Death rate

Natural Increase

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.

Birth and Death Rates, Worldwide

Page 33: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

Number of years to add each billion (year)

All of Human History (1800)

123 (1930)

33 (1960)

15 (1975)

12 (1987)

12 (1999)

13 (2012)

16 (2028)

26 (2054)Ninth

Eighth

Seventh

Sixth

Fifth

Fourth

Third

Second

First Billion

Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population in 2300 (medium scenario), 2003.

World Population Growth, in Billions

Page 34: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

Bil

lio

ns

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

Less Developed Countries

More Developed Countries

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.

Growth in More, Less Developed Countries

Page 35: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

Diverging Trends in Fertility Reduction

Average number of children per woman

6.7

6.0

6.67.0

5.5

6.9

6.35.8

8.2

3.5

7.0

5.1

3.33.0

2.4 2.3 2.4

4.3

Bangla-desh

Egypt India Indo-nesia

Iran Nepal Pakistan Turkey Yemen

1950-1955 2000-2005

Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.

Page 36: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

19

40

5158

53

World MoreDevelopedCountries

LessDevelopedCountries

LessDevelopedCountries(excluding

China)

49 LeastDevelopedCountries

Use of Modern Contraception

Married Women 15 to 49 Using Modern Methods

Note: More developed regions, according to the United Nations Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean; the UN designates 49 countries within these regions as least developed.Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2004 World Population Data Sheet; figure for least developed countries based on PRB calculations.

%%

%

%

%

Page 37: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

11 23 93241

1,907

LeastDevelopedCountries

Other Low-Income

Countries

Lower-Middle-Income

Countries

Upper-Middle-Income

Countries

High-IncomeCountries

Health Spending Per Capita

Note: As of 1998, other low-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP less than US$760. Lower-middle-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP between US$761 and US$3030. Upper-middle-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP between US$3031 and US$9360. High-income countries are classified as having a per capita GNP greater than US$9360.

Source: WHO, Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development (2001): 56.

1997

US$

Page 38: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

Net Enrollment RatioPrimary-school-age children enrolled as a percentage of primary-school-age children

91

68

77

69

47

66

Kenya Tanzania Zambia

1980 2000

Declining Primary School Enrollment, Africa

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2003.

Page 39: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

15-to-19-Year-OldsBirths per 1,000

Teenage Childbearing, Developed Countries

Source: S. Singh and J. E. Darroch, “Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends in Developed Countries,” Family Planning Perspectives 32, no. 1 (New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute, Jan./Feb. 2000).

Page 40: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

©The Alan Guttmacher Institute Contraception in the United States

Miscarriage9%

Intended birth43%

Abortion23%

Miscarriage6%

Mistimed/ unwanted

birth19%

Nearly half of all pregnancies in the United States each year are unintended

Pregnancies, 1994(6.3 million)

Unintendedpregnancies

Intendedpregnancies

Page 41: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Americans were asked to estimate how much of the federal budget goes to foreign aid. They were informed that this did not include military costs.

The median estimate was 20%. This is more than 20 times the actual amount which is less than 1% of the federal budget.

Source: Americans on Foreign Aid and World Hunger:A Study of US Public Attitudes, 2001, University of Maryland School of Public Affairs

Page 42: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Development Assistance of the 22 Donor Nations in 2003 as a Percentage of GNP.

1 Norway 0.922 Denmark 0.843 Netherlands 0.81

20 Austria 0.221 Italy 0.1622 United States 0.14

Source: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

Page 43: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Global Gag Rule: Prohibits US internationalfamily planning funds from going to any organization that uses its own funds toprovide or even discuss abortion.

The Bush Record

Eliminated UN family planning funds: He cut off ALL US family planning aid to UNFPA.

Abandoned the “Cairo Consensus” - wherethe nations of the world agreed in 1994 thatall women should have access to family planning.

Page 44: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

FAVOR SCHOOLS TEACHING…

Creationism and evolution All Americans                    65% Kerry voters               56% Bush voters                       71%

Creationism instead of evolution All Americans                    37% Kerry voters               24% Bush voters                       45%

Poll: Creationism Trumps EvolutionNEW YORK, Nov. 22, 2004

This CBS News/New York Times poll was conducted among a nationwide random sampleof 885 adults interviewed by telephone November 18-21, 2004. There were 795 registered voters.

Page 45: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

Everyone at the current U.S. standard of living and with all the health, nutrition, personal dignity and freedom that most Americans currently enjoy.

0.2 billion

Everyone at the same affluence as the U.S. (current), but with drastic restrictions on freedoms related to behaviors leading to environmental degradation. To accommodate populations greater than 0.2 billion, restrictions such as the following would have to be instituted:

•Massive recycling.  •Driving restrictions (gasoline rationing, fuel rationing even to mass transit systems). •Restrictions on the transport of food (food transported no more than 100 miles for example to its point of retail sales). •Prohibitions against cutting trees on one's property.  •Limitations on the burning of fossil fuels to save these complex molecules for more valuable or durable uses, such as in the manufacture of plastics and pharmaceuticals. Limitations on the areas of open spaces that can be converted to renewable energy power plants, such as solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, and wind energy systems. This latter results from the need to preserve natural areas for food growing.

0.4 billion

Only people in the U.S. and Europe at current level of affluence. Everyone else at the current prosperity level of Mexico. 

0.6 billion

Everyone in the world at Mexico's current prosperity level. 2.0

billionEveryone in the world at the current "poverty"  level of northwest Africa. 

4.0 billion

How Many People Can the Earth Support SUSTAINABLY?

“How Many People Should the Earth Support?” - Dr. Milton Saier, 2007

Page 46: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

More plates: Develop more technology for a “bigger pie.”

Fewer Forks: Stop or reverse population growth, AND reduce the wants of the people.

Better manners: Improve the terms under which people interact; define property rights to open-access resources such as fisheries and groundwaters; prevent human exploitation; remove economic irrationalities; reduce inequities and organized violence; improve governance.

The Great Triad: Solutions to Overpop’n

Page 47: Global Poverty Global Warming Global Population

© 2005 Population Reference Bureau

“The real issue with population is not just numbers of people, although numbers matter, and statistics give us quantitative insight and prevent us from making fools of ourselves. The real crux of the population question is the quality of people’s lives; the ability of people to participate in what it means to be really human; to work, play and die with dignity; to have some sense that one’s life has meaning and is connected with other people’s lives. That, to me, is the essence of the population problem.”

-Dr. Joel E. Cohen