GLOBAL

NAVIGATION

system(GNS)

What is navigation system?

• The guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

• Navigation is the process of reading, and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks.

Applications Military(GPS) Search and rescue. Disaster relief. Surveying. Marine, aeronautical and terrestrial navigation. Remote controlled vehicle and robot guidance. Satellite positioning and tracking. Shipping. Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Recreation.

•Military Global Positioning Satellite System (GPSS)

GPS is a satellite navigation system developed by the US

Dept. of Defense (DOD) established in 1973,run with24 sat.The Russian GLONASS,2007

GPS is used by aviators, mariners, surveyors, off-roaders, truck operators, bikers, hikers, hunters & fisherman

gps

geosgeos

WAAS

Car Navigation• On-board navigation• Fleet management• Roadside assistance• Stolen vehicle recovery• Enhanced services• Mass market dominated

• Car Navigation system and ETC evolve and integrate, then various services will be realized all in one.

• These services are realized by the high-speed and large-capacity communication (5.8GHz DSRC) between the “ITS Spot” installed on the roadside and the in-vehicle car navigation system corresponding to the ITS spot services

• Various services such as providing wide-area traffic information or image are realized by the high-speed and large-capacity communication

Car navigation system corresponding to ITS spot services have been released on October 2009

ITS spots are deployed nationwide (around 1,600 units are installed mainly on expressways)

ITS Spot (roadside unit)

Car navigation system corresponding to the ITS Spot

High-speed and large-capacity communication (DSRC)

Expansion of Next-Generation ITS

10

Main Functions of Map SummarizerMain Functions of Map Summarizer

Terminal CapabilityTerminal CapabilitySummarizationSummarizationASR ( Active Semantic Retrieval )

ORDBMSORDBMSSpatial Media

ShapeDeformation

Spatial IndexingSpatial Indexing

Media Conversion

Feature Selection

Telematics ASP CenterWirelessＬＡＮ

Hot Spot

Driving assist to the targetSeamless transfer to Walking

Orthogonize Road Angles

( , )x y1 1

),( 22 yx ( , )x y3 3

( , )x y4 4

k j i

i

j

kijv

jkv

i j k

i j k, , ： NodeID

min)cos()(2

1

}{}{

2

kji

kjikjiijkji

ijijvij kuvkE

Relative angularamong vectors

Optimization formula

Shape Deformation Techniques

Spring Model of Road Shape

original result

dmax

dmax

dmax

dmax

dmax

Simplify Road Shape

If longest Distance; dmax e, ≧then leave corresponding points

original

result

Change Summarizing Levels based on Terminal Capabilities

Kokubunji CityStart

Goal Tokyo Int. Forum

Cell Phone Walker Guide

PDAs Walker Guide

Original Car Navigational Maps

CDMA20001x EV-DO Cell

PhoneBase

Station

Summarize for

Cell Phone

Summarize for

PDA

Mobile RouterMobile Router

Portable receivers for fishermen, hunters, hikers, cyclists, etc.Recreational facilities -- golf courses, ski resortsIntegration of GPS into cellular phones

Consumer/Recreational

Surveying/Mapping/GIS• Sub-centimeter accuracy• 100%-300% savings in

time, cost, & labor• Rural electrification• Telecom tower placement• Pipelines• Oil, gas, and mineral

exploration• Flood plain mapping

Tracking/Machine Control

• Package/cargo delivery• Fleet and asset management• Theft recovery• Public safety and services• Farming, mining, and

construction equipment• DGPS/RTK required for many

applications

Public Services• City planning• Transportation

infrastructure– Road Billing Network

(ROBIN)– Snowplows

• Emergency response– Law enforcement– Fire fighting– Search and rescue– Paramedics– Disaster relief

Maritime Navigation

• GPS-based vessel tracking and traffic management maximizes effectiveness of waterways

• Improved safety increases maritime commerce

• Maritime DGPS service for enhanced accuracy and safety available in 34 countries

Timing• GPS offers an inexpensive alternative to

costly, high maintenance timing equipment

• Telecommunications network synchronization & management– Phones, pagers, wireless systems

– LANs, WANs, Internet

• Financial transactions

• Electrical power grid management & fault location

• Digital signatures for e-commerce

Scientific Research

Monitoring geological change

Glaciers, tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcanoes

Wildlife behaviorAtmospheric modeling

Water vapor content

Oceanic studiesTidal patternsSurface mapping

Construction• Machinery, asset, and

personnel management

• Rapid surveys for laying foundation piles, etc.

• Accident prevention

• Remote control of machinery possible

GPS/RTK technology was used in the construction of the Øresund Bridge

between Denmark and Sweden

Precision Agriculture

• Maximize use of resources– Optimized plowing of crop rows– Tailored applications of seeds, fertilizer, water,

pesticides– Improved management of land, machinery,

personnel, time– Greater crop yields

• Minimize environmental impacts– Localized identification and treatment of

distressed crops reduces chemical use– Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runoff

Open Pit Mining

• Enhanced management of assets, equipment

• Progress tracked in real-time, remotely

• Improved machine control saves time, lowers maintenance and fuel consumption, prevents accidents

• Rapid surveying for drilling blast holes

• Smaller, more empowered workforce

Space Applications

• Improved orbit and attitude control for spacecraft, International Space Station

• Space Station return vehicle• Advance Land Observing Satellite

uses GPS to calibrate high resolution radar maps

• Satellite formation flying

Hand-helds

TenKeys

SevenKeys

Trend is toward fewer keys.

In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique. As with other spread spectrum technologies, the transmitted signal takes up more bandwidth than the information signal that is being modulated. The name 'spread spectrum' comes from the fact that the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a device's transmitting frequency

Direct-sequence spread spectrum

GPS Transmitted Signal

• Two signals are transmitted on carriers: L1 = 1575.42 MHz L2 = 1227.60 MHzThese are derived from the system clock of 10.23 MHz (phase quadrature)• Modulation used is Direct Sequence Spread

Spectrum (code division multiple access - CDMA)