global nationalism nationalist movements in germany, italy and india
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Global Nationalism
Nationalist Movements in Germany, Italy
and India
Global NationalismNationalism
Devotion or concern for one’s nation, a movement or desire for national
independence.
Patriotism
A person who loves or defends his/her country.
Global Nationalism
“Germany does not look to Prussia’s liberalism but to her power…The
greatestquestions of the day are not to be
decidedby speeches and majority
resolutions thatwas the mistake of 1848 and 1849-
but byblood and iron.”
--Otto von Bismark
Global NationalismOtto von Bismarck
--He was a Prussian--ultra-conservative
landowning noble--He enters politics
in 1847--He becomes
minister president and imperial
Chancellor from 1862-1890
Bbc.co.uk
Global NationalismBismarck followed the policy of
RealpolitikWhich translates to Realistic politics,
whichmeans:
Politics based on the needs of the state.
Power is more important than principle
Global NationalismBismarck’s Realpolitik Policies
Strengthening Prussia’s militaryAnd
Confrontation (Wars) as a means to an end
What was that end?
Global NationalismAustro-Prussian War-Seven Weeks
War 1866
Prussia rules Schleswig
Austria rules Holstein
Prussia wins which demonstrates theirpower and military strength.
Global NationalismSchleswig-Holstein
Tacitus.nu
Global NationalismFranco-Prussian War 1870
BeginningsQueen Isabella of Spain abdicates
her throne in 1868. A junior member of the Hohenzollern dynasty was approached as a
possible successor.
Global NationalismFranco-Prussian War 1870
FranceFears this arrangement that a
German prince would become the next king of Spain. Napoleon III demands that King Wilhelm I of
Prussia dismiss this idea.
Global NationalismEms Telegram
Sent by Heinrich Abken of the German Foreign Office under the instructions of
King Wilhelm I to Bismarck.
Bismarck makes alterations to the telegram to have people believe that insults were
made.
Global NationalismWhy?
France’s opposition to the Hohenzollern candidate was humiliating to Prussia.
Bismarck releases the altered telegram to the newspapers. The perception was that
France was viewed as the attacking power.
Global NationalismResults
--France declares war on Prussia July 19, 1870
--Southern German states joined Northern states
--France defeated within two months
--January 1871, Palace of Versailles Hall Mirrors Wilhelm crowned Kaiser (Caesar—emperor) of
Second German Empire.
--France had to pay 5 billion francs in indemnity payment and loses Alsace and Lorraine.
Global NationalismVideo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh-2_Vozoaw
Global NationalismItalian Unification
After the C.O.V.
Italy
North South
Controlled by Austria
Controlled by the French
Global NationalismItalian Unification
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-
1872)
--Founded Young Italy a
nationalist society
--By 1849, he set up a
revolutionary republic
in Rome.
--Known as the Soul of
Italian UnificationItalianhistorical.org
Global NationalismThe Revolutions of 1848
OR
Springtime for Nations
Why are we back here again?
The question is what is happening in Italy during this time period?
After 1848, specifically by 1852 Italy is going through a Reawakening or
Risorgimento
Global NationalismItalian Unification
Count Camillo Cavour
(1810-1861)
--This Risorgimento or
Reawakening is led by
Cavour and he begins to
stir anti-Austrian feelings.
--He is appointed Prime
Minister by Victor
Emmanuel II Piedmont
Sardinia
--Known as the Brains of
Italian unificationItalianhistroical.org
Global NationalismGiuseppe Garibaldi (1807-
1882)
--worked with Mazzini in
1830, fled to France then
Latin America, why?
--Helped Uruguay gain
independence from
Argentine
--Returns in 1854, known as
the Sword of Italian
unification
Garibaldilodge.org
Global NationalismIndian Nationalism—Sepoy Mutiny
Imgarcade.com
Global NationalismIndian Nationalism—Sepoy Mutiny
Background
--Vasco da Gama reaches India in 1498
--Portuguese establish a factory at Calicut in the
southeast
--1637 Bombay becomes the headquarters for the B.E.I.C. (British East India Company)
Global NationalismIndian Nationalism—Sepoy Mutiny
Social Order
No Reincarnation
Brahmin—priestly class
Kshatriyas—Rulers and Warriors
Vaisyas—Merchants/professionals
Sudras—Workers and servants
Reincarnation
UntouchablesOutside of the caste system jobs included tanning leather and collecting
garbage.
Global NationalismIndian Nationalism—Sepoy Mutiny
British East India Company
How did they demonstrate their domination over
India?
--Forced Indian states to pay subsidies (gift of
public money to a person or government) to
the B.E.I.C.
--Peasant landowners had to pay taxes. Many
turned to money-lenders who seized their
land
Global NationalismSepoy Mutiny
Causes
--Hindu troops objected to lower caste soldiers
in their ranks
--Economic policy of the Raj had a bad effect on
Indian families
--Animal grease on the end of the Enfield rifle.
Indian soldiers had to bite off the end of the
cartridges. Hindu and Muslim troops refused.
Global NationalismSepoy Mutiny
Wou.edu
Global NationalismSepoy Mutiny
Results
--1857 three regiments were disbanded because
of this
--85 sepoys at Meerut imprisoned for
disobeying orders to load their rifles.
--Rebellion fails not enough support from all
groups of Indians
Global NationalismSepoy Mutiny
Indianetzone.com
Global NationalismSepoy Mutiny
British Reaction
--Parliament replaces East India Company with
a secretary of state
--By 1858, the position is called Governor
General or Viceroy of India.