Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010

Farming the waters for People and Food

22-25 September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

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This is an unedited presentation given at the Global Conference on Aquaculture 2010. The Organising Committee do not guarantee the accuracy or authenticity of the contents.

Citations

Please use the following citation sequence with citing this document:

1. Author. 2. Title. 3. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture 22-25 September 2010, Phuket, Thailand.

10/10/2010

1

Regional Review:

EuropeBy

Dr Laszlo VaradiDr. Laszlo Varadi

A summary of the « European Regional Review on Aquaculture Development »

Prepared by L. Váradi, G. Gyalog, E. Békefi and P. Lengyel (HAKI) and by A. Lane and Y.Harache (EAS), in collaboration with FAO/FIRA y ( )Aquaculture Service and with the review and contributions by many

aquaculture experts in Europe, for which many thanks.

The presentation:

• Status and trends• Salient issues• The way forward• Main messages

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2

I. Status and trends

Europe (44 countries)

Population: 813 million; 12.6 % of world population; 6 of the 10 largest economies in the world PP (2008)

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3

Economic regions in Europe

GDP per capita

70 000

80 000

90 000

in USD at PPP in 2008 (IMF, 2009)

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

Luxe

mbo

urg

Nor

way

Switz

erlan

d Ir

elan

dN

ether

lands

Icel

and

Aus

tria

Swe

den

Den

mar

k B

elgi

umd

King

dom

Fin

land

Ger

man

y F

ranc

e G

reec

e It

aly

Spa

in C

ypru

s S

love

nia

Isra

elCz

ech

Rep.

Malt

a P

ortu

gal

Slo

vaki

a E

stoni

a H

unga

ry L

ithua

nia

Cro

atia

Pol

and

Lat

via

ussia

n Fe

d. T

urke

y R

oman

ia B

ulga

ria B

elar

usM

onten

egro

Ser

bia

doni

a FY

R B

osni

a U

krain

e A

lban

ia M

oldo

va

US$

per

cap

ita

Lu S N

Uni

ted C Ru M

Mac

ed

Significant differences in GDP per capita

10/10/2010

4

Employment and labour productivity

• Employment

• Production: 150,000• Post harvest: 135,000

• Labour productivity

• Ponds, lagoons: 8-10 t/employee• Intensive (automated) systems: 250-300 t/employee

European share from global aquaculture production (2008)

Europe4.5%

World95.5%

4.5%

Leading region in the production of some species

Source: FAO, 2010

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5

Aquaculture production, 1990-2008

Source: FAO, 2010

Aquaculture production by regions (volume)

1 400 000

1 600 000

European Union (27)

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

tonn

es

Northern and Western European non

S h d E E EU

Source: FAO, 2010

0

200 000

400 000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Southern and Eastern European non EU

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6

Aquaculture production by regions (value)

4500000

5000000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

1000

USD

Northern and Western European non EU

European Union (27)

Source: FAO, 2010

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Southern and Eastern European non EU

Main aquaculture producing countries (2008)

Source: FAO, 2010

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7

Major species (2008)

Japanese carpet

European seabass2%

Atlantic salmon37%

Rainbow C

Gilthead seabream5%

Pacific cupped oyster

5%

Mediterranean mussel

4%

Trouts nei3%

p pshell2% Other

10%

trout12%

Sea mussels7%

Blue mussel nei7%

Common carp6%

Source: FAO, 2010

Some emerging species

20000

25000

5000

10000

15000

tonn

es Atlantic cod

Turbot

Arctic char

Meagre

0

5000

Source: FAO, 2010

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8

Aquaculture production by environment

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

002

04 6

0

500

1000

1500

2000

x 10

00 t

1 20 200

2004

2006

Brackishwater Freshwater Marine

Growing marine, stagnating freshwater and brackishwater production

75 % of production: marine aquaculture

Source: FAO, 2009

Fish consumption (2007)

70

80

90

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

a d m y m a a a a a

kg/c

apita

/yea

r

Numerous sub-markets with significant differencies in consumer preferences, distribution channels and economic situation

Source: FAO, 2010

Icelan

d

Portug

al

Nor

way

Spain

Lith

uani

a

Fran

ce

Finl

and

Malta

Swed

en

Luxe

mbo

urg

Belgi

um

Den

mar

k

Italy

Cyp

rus

Ireland

Gre

ece

Isra

el

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Net

herla

nds

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Ukr

aine

Esto

nia

Belar

us

Cro

atia

Switz

erland

Ger

man

y

Aus

tria

Latv

ia

Mol

dova

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Poland

Slov

enia

Slov

akia

Turk

ey

Bos

nia an

d Her

zego

vina

Alb

ania

Rom

ania

Mac

edon

ia F

orm

er Y

.R.

Bul

garia

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9

Principal farming systems

Emerging technologies

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10

II. Salient issues

Resources, services and technologies

A l i h h ilAquaculture is the most heavily regulated food production sector in

Europe

§

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11

Resources, services and technologies

• Increasing competition for space• Limited access to seed capital and/or loan for

innovation (especially in CEE)• Availability of special services required by a

modern industry • Limited availability of authorised veterinary

di i l d tmedicinal products

Sustainable use of feed resources

• ReplacementReplacement• Phase feeding• Change in species mix

50% decrease in the share of fishmeal in fish feeds over the last decade

AQUAMAX Project: 70% plant oil and 80% plant protein is the safe maximum replacement of fish oil and fish meal to

meet all nutrient requirements in salmon

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12

Aquaculture and the environment

• EU regulations• Water resources (quality)(q y)• Climate change• Environmental impact of aquaculture (use of

therapeutics and drugs, nutrient discharge, escapees)• Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)• Exotic species• Conflict with other users• Public perception

Markets and trade

Main fish importers, 2009 (Lem, 2010)1.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

Bill

ions

USA14% Japan

13%

EU40%

Others33%

00.5

1

Aquatic Plants Crustaceans and molluscsCrustaceans and molluscs, canned Fish, cannedFish, dried, salted, or smoked Fish, fresh, chilled or frozenBalance of trade value

Total world: 98.5 billion USD

65% of the consumed seafood is imported -2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.51976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Bal

ance

of t

rade

(mill

ion

tonn

es)

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

Bal

ance

of t

rade

(bill

ion

€)

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13

Pangasius in Poland

100es

20

40

60

80

100

thou

sand

s of

ton

ne panga

carp

02003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

years

in t

Source: Kolman, 2010

Contribution to food secrurity, social and economic development

• Food security an issue in some CEE countries

• Social sustainability issues in coastal and rural areas• concentration, automation and increasing labour productivity

• Gender and generation challenge• mostly men, share of women is high in the Russian Federation

• Share of aquaculture in national economies is low, aquaculture reaches 0.1% of GDP only in Norway, Malta, Greece and Faroe Islands

10/10/2010

14

Share of fisheries and aquaculture in national economies (Eurostat, 2009)

Iceland: 4.7 %

0.0%

0.2%

0.4%

0.6%

0.8%

a a m a d d d

fishe

ry se

ctor

's sh

are

in G

DP

Aus

tria

Slov

akia

Rom

ania

Ger

man

ySl

oven

iaH

unga

ryM

aced

onia,

FY

RCz

ech

Repu

blic

Polan

dBe

lgiu

mSw

eden

Uni

ted

King

dom

Neth

erlan

dsBu

lgar

iaFi

nlan

dEU

-27

Lith

uani

aFr

ance

Latv

iaIta

lyD

enm

ark

Esto

nia

Irela

ndSp

ainCy

prus

Turk

eyPo

rtuga

lG

reec

eM

alta

Nor

way

Icel

and

External pressures on the sector (I)

• Environment factors• climate change• changing weather patterns• pollution

• Variations in inputs• seed stock• fish meal and oil• energy costs• labour costs

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15

External pressure on the sector (II)

• Government policy (regulatory framework)• Trade (changes to trade policy and tariffs)• Financial factors

• investments, exchange/interest rates• taxation, insurance

• Competitive factors (new species and products, new producers)

• Economic crises• changes in consumer preferences• purchasing power

Shared information, research, training, extension and networking

• Public and private institutions (fragmented)Public and private institutions (fragmented)• European Research Area (ERA) since 2000• EU Framework Programs• Research in other regions (Norway, Turkey, CEE)• Research networks: EFARO and NACEE• Education network: AQUA-TNETEducation network: AQUA-TNET • Interregional cooperation (within Europe and with

other regions) • The European Aquaculture Technology and

Innovation Platform (EATIP)

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16

Europe contributes to global aquaculture development through knowledge and

technology partnerships

EU programmes: AQUASEM; SARNISSA

European Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Platform (EATIP)

• Assure European aquaculture as a sustainable industry• Identify the innovation challenges of the collective

interest of European aquaculture• Prepare an over-arching Strategic Research &

Innovation Agenda relative to the Vision for EuropeanInnovation Agenda relative to the Vision for European Aquaculture

• Consolidate the role of aquaculture in the society• Establish a strong relationship between aquaculture

and the consumers

10/10/2010

17

Governance and management

• Aquaculture strategies (EU 2002; 2009)• Regulatory frameworks (WFD and many others) g y ( y )• Economic incentives (EFF in the EU)• Stakeholder interaction (e.g. ACFA, CONSENSUS• Sector self-governance (FEAP CoC, 2000)• Data collection and management

III. The way forward

10/10/2010

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The way forward 1/3

• The responsible use of resources and the protection of the environment will remain key challenges (licensing EIA)challenges (licensing, EIA)

• Legislative framework should be simplified and consolidated. The sector needs a level playing field

• There is a need for specific data collection forThere is a need for specific data collection for aquaculture and fishery products to support policy.

The way forward 2/3

• The consequences of global climate change and potential scenarios have to be assessed by all stakeholders

• The success of modern, professional aquaculture sector is dependent on the availability of high quality services

• New aquaculture technologies provide opportunities for development

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The way forward 3/3

• Eliminating negative public perception of consumers and policy makers

• Development of an „ecolabel” that can certify environmentally friendly aquaculture practices in Europe

• Better communication within the value chain andBetter communication within the value chain and towards consumers

The challenge for Europeanaquaculture is to achieve innovative and ECONOMIC GROWTH.

European aquaculture needs strong POLITICAL WILL and a LEVEL PLAYING FIELD to be competitive.

European aquaculture must be perceived as an environmentally,

MAIN MESSAGES

p y,economically and socially sustainable activity, based on scientific evidences and consumer confidence.

10/10/2010

20

THANK YOU !