glencoe food for today chapter 8 vitamins & minerals chapter 8 vitamins & minerals 1...

Glencoe Food for Today Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals

Chapter 8 Vitamins & Minerals

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Vitamins and minerals are valuable micronutrients that the body needs to be strong and healthy.



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• When vitamins were first discovered they were assigned letters.

• Once we learned they are chemicals they gave them chemical names. For example, Vitamin C is also called ASCORBIC ACID.



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• Many vitamins are needed daily so loading up on just one does not help your body.

• Eating a variety of foods is essential.



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What Are Vitamins?• Vitamins work with

enzymes to keep cells healthy and active.

• They do not supply energy, but the body cannot produce energy without vitamins.

• Vitamins and minerals are called MICRONUTRIENTS because we need them in such small amounts.



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What Are Vitamins?• Antioxidants protect cells from harmful

substances.• They repair damaged cells by changing free

radicals.

antioxidants

Substances that protect cells and the immune system from damage by harmful chemicals.

free radicals

An unstable substance that candamage body cells.



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What Are Vitamins? (put on p.2)

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and pass into the bloodstream.

• Vitamin C and the B vitamins fall into this category.

• Only stay in the body for a short time. If not used right away they are passed out of the body in urine.

• Drinking plenty of water is essential.



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Vitamin C Functions: • Maintain healthy blood vessels, bones, skin, and teeth.

• Helps with making of collagen which gives structure to bones, cartilage, and muscle.

• Helps the body heal wounds and fight infections.

Lack of Vitamin C:• Causes poor appetite, weakness, bruising, and

soreness in joints.• Severe lack causes SCURVY.• Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries



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B Vitamins(Sources- Whole Grain Foods):• B1: Thiamin- Aids in making carbohydrates into

energy. Needed for muscle coordination and a healthy nervous system.

• B2: Riboflavin- Helps get energy from food (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats). Contributes to body growth and making of red blood cells.

• B3: Niacin- Helps get energy from food (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats). Needed for healthy nervous system and mucous membranes.



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B Vitamins:• B6: Pyridoxine- Helps body release energy from carbohydrates,

proteins, and fats. Promotes healthy nervous system. Helps make nonessential amino acids and helps make niacin in the body.

• B9: Folate (Folacin or Folic Acid)- Helps build red blood cells and form genetic material DNA. Helps the body use proteins. Too little can cause anemia. Helps prevent birth defects of the brain and spinal cord.

• B12: Helps the body process carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

– Vitamin B12 is found in meat and milk products, but not in plant foods. Vegetarians must get B12 from Fortified grain products.



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B Vitamins:

B5: Pantothenic Acid- Helps the body release energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It helps the body produce cholesterol and promotes normal growth and development. Also needed for a healthy nervous system.

Biotin- Helps body use carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Helps stabilize the level of glucose in the blood.



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• Fat-soluble vitamins are transported by fat and stored in the liver.

• Vitamins A, D, E, and K fall into this category.

• Excess fat soluble vitamins are mainly stored in the liver.

• Large amounts of these vitamins can harm the body.

What Are Vitamins?



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Vitamin A- • 3 forms: Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic acid. • Helps with good vision and maintain tissues and skin. • Supports reproduction and growth. • Too much Vitamin A can cause Toxicity.

Vitamin D- • Works with calcium and phosphorous to make sure bones

grow properly. • Your body makes Vitamin D when sunlight touches your

skin.



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Vitamin E- • Powerful antioxidant. • Protects cells from oxidation damage,

especially in the lungs. • Can reduce the risk of heart disease and some

cancers.

Vitamin K-Helps the blood clot so that wounds will stop bleeding.



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Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Free radicals are linked to over 200 diseases. Free radicals damage body cells and cause the body to age. They also increase the risk of disease.



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As you watch the video clip answer the following questions:

1. What create free radicals in the body?

2. What food groups are highest in antioxidants?

3. What diseases can potentially be treated/prevented by adequate intake of antioxidants?

4. What do antioxidants do?

5. What berry is highest in antioxidants?



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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTBz9ipkWhE



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Vitamin D Definciency vs. Skin Cancer

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsWe4INEhfc



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What Are Vitamins?

fortified breads, cereals, and pasta; meat and fish; dried beans, soy foods, and peas; and whole grains like wheat germ

Vitamin C red berries, kiwi, red and green bell peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, spinach, and juices made from guava, grapefruit, and oranges.

B1- Thiamin

B2- Riboflavin meat, eggs, legumes (like peas and lentils), nuts, dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, asparagus, and fortified cereals.

Vitamin Sources

B3-Niacinred meat, poultry, fish, fortified hot and cold cereals, and peanuts

Name sources for each of the vitamins on the left.



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What Are Vitamins?

Folate Liver, dried beans and other legumes, green leafy vegetables, asparagus, and orange juice are good sources of this vitamin. So are fortified bread, rice, and cereals

B12 naturally in fish, red meat, poultry, milk, cheese, and eggs. It's also added to some breakfast cereals

Vitamin Sources




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What Are Vitamins?

Vitamin A Dairy products; liver; egg yolks; foods high in beta-carotene; such as carrots; sweet potatoes; broccoli; and dark green, leafy vegetables.

Vitamin E Nuts; seeds; green leafy vegetables; wheat germ; vegetable oils and products made from them; soybean oil.

Vitamin D Fortified dairy products; egg yolks; fatty fish, such as herring, salmon, and mackerel; fortified breakfast cereals.

Vitamin Sources

Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables; other vegetables; some fruits.




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What Are Minerals?• Become part of the body tissues. (iron in blood,

calcium and phosphorous in bones and teeth)

• Minerals team with vitamins in chemical reactions.

• Calcium helps keep bones strong and prevents osteoporosis.

• Magnesium builds bones, makes proteins, and contributes to heart function.

• Electrolytes help cells do their part to keep body fluids in balance.



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What Are Minerals?

• People need 100 mg/day of major minerals, but less than 100 mg/day of trace minerals.

major mineral

A mineral that you need in the amount of 100 mg or more a day.

trace mineral

A mineral that you need in theamount of less than 100 mg a day; sometimes called micro-minerals.



25©2002 Learning Zone Express

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Minerals

• Functions in the Body:• The body depends on minerals for practically

every process necessary for life.

• The body requires 16 minerals daily.



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Calcium: Essential for bone growth and strength, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and the transmission of nerve signals

Phosphorous: Allows cells to function normally; helps the body produce energy; key in bone growth

Magnesium: Helps with heart rhythm, muscle and nerve function, bone strength

Sodium, Chloride, potassium (electrolytes): Important for fluid balance



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What Are Minerals?

• Iron, iodine, zinc, and selenium are examples of trace minerals.

What are some of the problems that can be caused by a lack of iodine?



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What Are Minerals?

CalciumDairy; canned fish with edible bones; dry beans, peas, lentils; dark green vegetables; tofu made with calcium sulfate.

Phosphorus Meat; poultry; fish; eggs; nuts; dry beans, peas; dairy; grains

Magnesium Whole-grain products; green vegetables; dry beans and peas; nuts and seeds.

Mineral Sources

Sodium (Electrolyte) Table salt; processed foods.

Name sources for each of the major minerals on the left.

Chloride (Electrolyte) Table salt.

Potassium (Electolyte) Fruits, including bananas and oranges; vegetables; meats; poultry; fish; dry beans and peas; dairy products.



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Iron: Key component of red blood cells and many enzymes

Zinc: Supports the body's immunity and nerve function; important in reproduction

Copper: Important in the metabolism of iron

Iodine: Important in the production of thyroid hormones

Selenium: Protects cells from damage; regulates thyroid hormone



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What Are Minerals?

Iron Meat; seafood; egg yolks; dark green, leafy vegetables; dry beans; enriched and whole-grain products; dried fruit.

Zinc Meat; liver; poultry; fish; shellfish; dairy; dry beans and peas; peanuts; whole-grain breads and cereals; eggs; miso.

CopperWhole-grain products; seafood; variety meats; dry beans; nuts; seeds.

Mineral Sources

Iodine Saltwater fish; iodized salt.

Name sources for each of the trace minerals on the left.

Selenium Whole-grain breads; vegetables; meat; variety meats; seafood.



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Chapter Summary

• Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients that help to keep the body healthy.

• Vitamins work with enzymes to keep cells healthy and active.

• Antioxidants are special vitamins and minerals that protect against free radicals.

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and pass easily through the bloodstream during digestion.



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Chapter Summary

• Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver for the body to use when needed.

• Minerals often team with vitamins in chemical reactions.

• Major minerals are those that the body requires 100 mg or more of each day.

• The body needs less than 100 daily mg of trace minerals.



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Chapter Summary• The best way to obtain vitamins and minerals is

through a healthful and varied diet.



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ReviewReview

Start

Do you remember the vocabulary terms from this chapter? Use the following slides to check your knowledge of the definitions.

The slides in this section include both English and Spanish terms and definitions.



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antioxidants antioxidantes

Substances that protect cells and the immune systemfrom damage by harmful chemicals.

Sustancias que protegen a las células y al sistema inmune de daño por sustancias químicas dañinas.

Show Definition



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free radical radical libre

An unstable substance that can damage body cells.

Una sustancia inestable que puede dañar las células del cuerpo.

Show Definition



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water-soluble vitamin

vitamina soluble en agua

A vitamin that dissolves in water and passes easily into the bloodstream during digestion.

Una vitamina que se disuelve en agua y que pasa fácilmente al flujo sanguíneo durante la digestión.

Show Definition



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fat-soluble vitamin

vitamina soluble en grasa

A vitamin that isabsorbed and transported by fat.

Una vitamina que la grasa absorbe y transporta.

Show Definition



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toxicity toxicidad

Poisoning from too much of a substance.

Envenenamiento por ingerir demasiado de una sustancia.

Show Definition



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major mineral mineral primario

A mineral that you need in the amount of 100 mg or more a day.

Mineral que necesitas en cantidades de 100 mg o más al día.

Show Definition



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electrolyte mineral electrolito mineral

A mineral that helpsform particles called electrolytes, whichhelp cells function.

Un mineral que ayuda a formar las partículas llamadas electrolitos, que a su vez ayudan a las células a funcionar bien.

Show Definition



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hypertension hipertensión

High blood pressure linked to high salt intake.

Alta presión sanguínea relacionada con un alto consumo de sal.

Show Definition



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trace mineral mineral secundario

A mineral that you need in the amount of less than 100 mg a day; sometimes called micro-minerals.

Mineral del que necesitas menos de 100 mg al día; también se conocen como micro-minerales.

Show Definition



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iron deficiency anemia

anemia por deficiencia de hierro

Too little iron leadsto having too few red blood cells, causingpeople to become tired, weak, short ofbreath, pale, and cold.

La falta de hierro reduce el número de glóbulos rojos, lo que causa cansancio, debilidad, falta de aire y frío en la persona.

Show Definition



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pica pica

An unusual appetite for ice, clay, or other nonfood items; a craving for thingsthat are not normally eaten.

Apetito fuera de lo común por hielo, arcilla u otros artículos no alimenticios; antojo para cosas que normalmente no se comen.

Show Definition



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stabilize deshidratación

To hold steady. Condición en la que el cuerpo tiene muy poca agua.

Show Definition



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regulate regular

Control and maintain. Controlar y mantener.

Show Definition



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End of


glencoe food for today chapter 8 vitamins & minerals chapter 8 vitamins & minerals 1...

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