gis 1 geocoding. gis 2 geocoding address geocoding - process of creating geometric representations...
TRANSCRIPT
GIS 1
Geocoding
GIS 2
Geocoding
•Address Geocoding-Process of creating geometric representations for locations (such as point features) from descriptions of locations (such as addresses)
•Displays tabular data containing addresses as points on a map
•Finds locations on a map easily
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 3
Geocoding Examples
M. Helper 9-16-03 GEO327G/386G, UT Austin 3
• Pittsburgh Technology Council maps technology businesses by streets to see technology rich areas
• Emergency dispatch operators geocode to enter an address, determine who should respond
• Allegheny County maps personal care and nursing homes and compares to elderly population by mcds
• General Nutrition Centers maps store locations and compares to Rite-Aid store locations
• Others?
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 4
Address Matching
GIS 5
Address Matching
• Address matching is a process that compares two addresses to determine whether or not they are the same.
• Looks for certain standards and makes a decision about whether addresses match.
• Incorrect, incomplete, or ambiguous address information will reduce the matching confidence.
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 6
What do you match? Tabular data
•Text•Databases
to
Geographic maps•TIGER Streets•ZIP Codes
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 7
TIGER Files
Geographic elements used to address match•Lines -streets, railroads, rivers
•Areas-zip codes, census blocks, tracts, MCD/CCDs, places, counties, etc.
•Points-landmarks such as churchs, schools, and other cultural features represented in TIGER as points
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 8
TIGER Street Example
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 9
Linear (Street) Address Matching
GIS 10
Linear Address Matching (Streets)
Urban street maps -four street address numbers ranging from low to high for each side of a street segment.
Left_from Left_to Right_from Right_to Street_name Type 101 199 100 198 OAK ST
0105
0107
100 198
101 199
Oak St.
(80.731, 40.025) (80.729, 40.025)
GIS 11
Address Matching Major Steps
1437
402
855
123 Oak St
333 Pine Av
18 Bay Dr
A
A
B
StoreID Address Class
Store.dbf
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 12
Address Matching Major Steps
1437
402
855
123 Oak St
333 Pine Av
18 Bay Dr
A
A
B
StoreID Address Class
Store.dbf
98
99
198
199
Oak
Oak
Oak
Oak
R
L
R
L
O
E
E
O
To Street Side ParityFrom
1
100
101
2
Type
St
St
St
St
Attributes of StreetsStreet_
5950
5950
6011
6011
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 13
Address Matching Major Steps
1437
402
855
123 Oak St
333 Pine Av
18 Bay Dr
A
A
B
StoreID Address Class
Store.dbf
98
99
198
199
Oak
Oak
Oak
Oak
R
L
R
L
O
E
E
O
To Street Side ParityFrom
1
100
101
2
Type
St
St
St
St
Attributes of StreetsStreet_
5950
5950
6011
6011
5950 6011Oak St
Pin
e A
v
100
101
198
199123
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 14
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 15
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 16
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 17
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, suffix 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 18
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, suffix 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 19
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, suffix 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Unit Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 20
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, suffix 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Unit Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Zone, city 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Zone, zip code 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 21
Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Name 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Street Type 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, suffix 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Direction, prefix 123 W Oak ST, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Unit Number 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Zone, city 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Zone, zip code 123 Oak ST W, Apt. 2, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Items for Single Number Street Address: Address Unit City Zip Code
123 Oak ST W Apt. 2 Pittsburgh 15213
Address Components
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 22
Street Address Matching Problems and Solutions
GIS 23
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 24
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Data Entry Errors•Fidth Avenue
•Sawmill Run
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 25
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Data Entry Errors•Fidth Avenue
•Sawmill RunPlace Names•CMU, PNC Park, Station Square
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 26
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Data Entry Errors•Fidth Avenue
•Sawmill Run
Place Names•CMU, PNC Park, Station Square
Intersections•5th AV and Craig ST
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 27
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Data Entry Errors•Fidth Avenue•Sawmill Run
Place Names•CMU, PNC Park, Station Square
Intersections•5th AV and Craig STZones•100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 28
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Data Entry Errors•Fidth Avenue•Sawmill Run
Place Names•CMU, PNC Park, Station Square
Intersections•5th AV and Craig STZones•100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202Post Office Boxes•P.O. Box 125
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 29
Possible Problems: Variations in Street Names
•Fifth Avenue, Fifth Ave., 5th AV•Saw Mill Run, Route 51
Data Entry Errors•Fidth Avenue•Sawmill Run
Place Names•CMU, PNC Park, Station Square
Intersections•5th AV and Craig STZones•100 Main ST 15101, 100 Main ST 16202Post Office Boxes•P.O. Box 125•Missing Street (TIGER) information
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 30
Solution: Correct Intersections
Format:
Forbes AV & Craig ST
Grant ST & 5th AV
Default DelimitersArcView: &ARC/INFO: /
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 31
Solution: Use Standard Directions
E E EA E EAS E EAST E EX EX EXT EX EXTENDED EX EXTENSION EX N N NO N NORTE N NORTH N NE NE NORTHEAST NE
NW NW
NORTHWEST NW
S S
SO S
SOUTH S
SE SE
SOUTHEAST SE
SW SW
SOUTHWEST SW
W W
WE W
WEST W
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 32
Solution: Use Standard Street Type Abbreviations CR CR
Crescent CR
CRSG CRSG
CSWY CSWY
DR DR
Drive DR
DRV DR
EXP EXWY
Expressway EXWY
EXPWYEXWY
Freeway FRWY
FRWY FRWY
FWY FRWY Highway HWY HWY HWY HY HWY LA LA Lane LA LN LA Loop Loop Motorway MTWY MTWY MTWY Parkway PKWY PKWY PKWY etc.
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 33
Solution:Alias Table
DBF Table (Name of Your Choice):
Alias Address CMU 5000 Forbes Av
Carnegie Mellon 5000 Forbes AV
Carnegie Mellon Univ 5000 Forbes AV
Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes AV
Etc.
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 34
Improving Address Matching
•Integrate User Data Entry and Address Matching
•Purchase or Build High Quality Maps (Field Verification)
•Correct and Maintain Maps (Lab)•Assign House Numbers in Rural Areas
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 35
Polygon Address Matching
GIS 36
TIGER Files: Polygon Topology
Zip Code
American Indian Reservation
Alaska Nature Village Statistical Area
Tribal Designated Statistical Area
Tribal Jurisdiction Statistical Area
Alaska Nature Regional Corp.
FIPS State Code
FIPS County Code
MCD
Place
Census Tract/Block Numbering Area
Tabulation Block
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 37
TIGER:Polygons - Zipcodes/Parcels
Polygon features can be identified by their parcel numbers, postal zip, or zip+4 codes
•Parcel_Number (1046)
•ZIP (15218)•ZIP + 4 (15218-1234)
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 38
Polygon Address Matching (Zip Codes)
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 39
Patient Location by County
Copyright – Kristen S. Kurland, Carnegie Mellon University
GIS 40
Geocoding in ArcGIS
GIS 41
Create address locator
ArcCatalog
GIS 42
Choose address locator style
Skeleton of the address locator
Based on data tables and reference layer
GIS 43
Choose reference layer
Streets, ZIP codes
GIS 44
Address locator properties
GIS 45
Geocode in ArcMap
1. Add tabular data and streets layer
2. Add address locator
3. Geocode addresses
4. View geocoding results
5. Interactively rematch addresses
GIS 46
Address rematching
Investigate unmatched addresses•Generally requires expertise with knowledge of local streets
•Compare street name in the attributes of streets table and address table
GIS 47
Prepare log file
Log file includes reasons why addresses did not geocode
Useful for future work on cleaning addresses or repairing street maps
Incorrect address Possible reason/solution
490 Penn Avenue Missing ZIP code
111 Hawksworth Spelled incorrectly
900 Smallman Street TIGER street missing
900 Lib Ave Spelled incorrectly