GILDED GAZETTEChinese Immigration Stopped? Or Periodically Halted?The 1848 Gold Rush in California

attracted much more than just Northern and Southern Americans, it also attracted fortune- hungry im-migrants to Americas Pacific Coast. Currently there are approximately 105,465 Chinese men and women which face political turmoil and economic hardships which has left Congress questioning their abil-ity to live in the United States of America safely. Industrial employers are ecstatic about this new race of cheap laborers but the white public is against the immigration of this “yel-low peril” that Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act today ban-ning all future immigration to the US from China. The Chinese were mostly Transcon-tinental Railroad laborers and Gold miners. The California Gold Rush in the 1860’s led to most of the immi-gration from surrounding countries. Immigrants left their lands in search of wealth and in hope of a brighter future. Some left their families and went to earn money to support them but soon learned that the United States sounded a lot better when discussed and not when experienced. The reason white Americans were so bitter towards the immigrants was because they felt that they were not

protected under the constitution and that they were stealing jobs from whites born on American soil. Chester A. Arthur stated this morn-ing, “This act was necessary to control the amount of immigrants coming into the United States. Over the course of about two years now we have been needing to pass this tariff. The number of immigrants in the US is unnecessary. We welcome outside visitors from other countries but it has gotten out of control. If we want to continue a stable economy we must take action.”The Act excluded Chinese skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining. The Act passed by the Congress has caused the Chi-

™ Lynn Lee & Company, All Rights Reserved The Journal Report Saturday/Sunday May 8-9, 1882

The Gilded Age and early Industrial Revolution

Inside: Chinese Immigration. Darla Speaks. Middle Class Americans. Secrets to Mckinley Tarriff.

NEWS Page I

nese Community to freeze in its place and has prevented it from growing and assimilating into the U.S society. If the Act had not been passed then there would be an overflow and overpopulation of Chinese immigrants which would lead to a damper in the economy. Letter to the EditorApril 20, 1882 Chinese Immigraton ActDear Reilly,My name is Jun Choi and I am an immigrant from China. The reason that I immigrated to the United States was to find wealth to support my family back home. The sole purpose of my current situation is to provide for my family and create a better life for them. Before I had ventured into the real world I had heard of the

Continued on page II

By: Reilly Braun

Immigrants wokring on a railroad during the Gilded Age and early Industrilization.

The post-reconstruction south has continued to make life unwelcoming for African Americans. As the demo-

cratic community takes back their reign in the region, fraud and intimidation has become the main emotion towards the race. Lynching has been at an absolute high, mostly because they are trying to assert their freedom that was newly won. Since the implementation of the Jim Crow Laws, segre-

gation has continued to make life for blacks unbearable. The laws state that African Ameri-cans must go through literacy requirements, voter-regis-tration laws, and poll taxes.

Since blacks have not had the resources to get an education and earn money these new laws give an advantage to the whites. In the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896, the final ruling said that both races are “separate but

equal”; and all facilities are required to provide “equal protection” because of the fourteenth amendment. And even though this sounds all well and good, blacks are forced to be in lower qual-ity schools, and separated in mostly all public places giving

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fantastic amount of gold in California which is what attracted me here in the first place, the expected wealth upon arrival. Unfortunately that is not so, for 6 months I've been taking on small jobs with little pay to support myself. It seems as if my luck is never going to change now that my family cannot join me because of the Chinese Immersion Act. My intentions are not to burden the white Americans by supposedly take their jobs from them but to have the right to a successful and wor-riless life. I can speak for myself and my fellow Chinese immigrants that we did not come here to cause any harm, we came here to find hope and happiness. Due to the recent events I am packing my belong-ings and traveling back to my home to my family. I apologize to all who have felt threatened by us and tell them that we are not bad people, we are just like you, digging for riches. As you can expect my opinion of the US has not been damaged but the ideal opportunities it says it offers has been demolished. To all of my brothers and sisters, I believe it is time for us to return home. Sincerely, Jun Choi

Jim Crow Laws for African

the appearance that blacks are still inferior and second class to whites. These newly freed slaves are forced to become sharecroppers, tenet farmers, or become part of the “crop-lien” system because they just do not have the money to start a life on their own. But because of the regulations of these alternate jobs, many blacks and poor whites are required to work under the same conditions and often the same masters as when slavery was still legal. The Jim Crow laws were created to make the segregation between white and blacks less so that the races

would be equal. But in reality, it has increased the segregation with superior facilities for whites and the opposite for African Americans. The separation of races will continue in the states, and groups such as the KKK will con-tinue to disrupt life for many races other than whites that have ruled the states since they were only a mere thirteen colonies.

AmericanApril 20, 1882 Jim Crow Laws

Colored segregation in railroad station.

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The urbanization movement that has taken place lately has forced many middle class Americans to move inward into city life. Metropolises have started to spring up in the areas of New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Because of the new invention of skyscrapers cities are beginning to expand upward instead of out allowing more and more people to fit into one area. Because of this ex-pansion new living quarters are begin-ning to develop; most common of these designs in New York is the Dumbbell Tenement, known to be in areas called slums.This structural design allows for a tight floor plan, and not much personal space. Everyone on a floor is expected to share two bathrooms, and only one room has access to direct sunlight. Most families that move in here are not expected to remain there long. They are there to give families a start in the new living of urbanization, and as soon as they are able to get their feet on the ground they have been seen to move up and out of these tenements.Although their living conditions are foul, it allows the average middle class American to commute to work on a dai-ly basis. Because everything is so close together now workers could walk, or take the trolley to work making acces-sibility a major allure to people still in rural areas. Because of the use of elec-tricity, the invention of the telephone and indoor plumbing more and more people are drawn daily to life in the big city. Within the last week Macy’s de-partment store opened its doors for the first time, attracting many of the middle class shoppers, and is expected to draw even more people into the city.

Middle Class AmericanJanuary 20, 1882 By: Laura Harris

Whether it is the wide open spaces or the breathable clean air, life as a farmer is incom-parable. Life as an industrial-ist is full of pollutants and overworked hours which make being a farmer more stress-free. The Homestead Act of 1862 was just instated which gives all western farmers as much as 160 acres. The farmers get to keep the land if they stay on it for five years and improve the land for a nominal fee of $30. This will stimulate the population growth in the west and also fuel the typical family farm which is known so quaintly as the “backbone of democracy”. For

The Life of a FarmerApril 20, 1882 By: Lindsay Gardner

all of those poor farmers who cannot afford to buy a large holding, this is the perfect opportunity. For all of you who choose to hand pick your land, you can have the option to buy land from railroad companies, land companies, or the states. The life of a farmer is rapidly changing with constant resources. You raise your own food, create your own clothing, and barter for other necessities with neighboring farms. Most farmers choose to raise “cash crops” like corn or wheat and then you can spend that money on food-stuffs or manufactured goods from your local town stores. There is even a mail order catalogue that just came out from a Chicago firm where you

New ship arrives in new York City.

One of the leading men in today’s rising indus-

trial economy is a man who is known for his extraordinary profits made in the steel indus-try. Andrew Carnegie, a man of wealth and in-novation, has believed not in the monopolistic ideals of other indus-trialists, but in perfect-ing an item known as Bessemer steel. This recent innovation has cut down the price of steel and made produc-tion notable faster. By the time that Bessemer steel was being manu-factured, the United States was producing nearly one third of the world’s steel supply.Everything about this new industrial revolu-tion has involved steel, including the newly used skyscrapers, rail-roads, shelter, and oth-er forms of transporta-

can order from home! Down in the Mississippi Valley, large scale farmers pull their business talents into their specialty by dealing closely with the banks, railroad companies, and manufactures. And since slavery was abolished, the need for labor is up; therefore, farm-ers have the option to hire workers or buy machinery to plant and harvest their crops for them. Farming in the states has become more of a type of industry than

anything else with the perks of not living in a big city. They provide for the country and the rest of the world with products that will always be needed. Farmers have the ultimate career with tons of benefits in the current market and have the luxury of knowing they will never lose their job. If it is not all the free land that convinces the average person to pursue farming, it will be the wide open spaces full of green clean air, away from the hustle and bustle of the city.Industrialist

By: Laura Harris April, 4 1990

tion. Carnegie first began his steel career in Pittsburg he began an organization that involved roughly forty Pittsburg Millionaires, and through his business by the time this year came around he was producing one fourth of the nation’s steel. Carnegie has done a wonderful job of maintain-ing on top in this industry and has handled his busi-ness with professionalism and ease. Even though Carnegie is doing so well, he plans to sell his business to the well known J.P. Morgan of New York. Though Morgan is a banker who financed the projects of railroads, banks and insurance companies, he has recently moved into the business of manufactur-ing steel pipe tubing. Ru-mors have been spread that Carnegie will be threat-ening to ruin Morgan’s business by invading his industry of piping which will make it impossible for him to make a profit. It is expected that Carnegie will want $400 million dollars for the acquiring of his business.

In the tariff of 1890 or what they call the McKinley Tariff was sponsored by a Republi-can Senator named William McKinley from Ohio. In this tariff what took place was they raised the tariff to 48% as the average. This really upset the farmers because of this tariff they were now being taxed a lot more than before and were struggling a lot economically. The farmers were noticing that the farm equipment prices were rising really fast and it was going to be hard to sell what they were growing to take place of all the money they were using on equip-ment. This problem came up whenever America started to become more industrialized and no one really relied on the things that the farmers created. This upset the farmers because of how much hard work goes into everything they do and now everyone was just find-ing an easy way out. I agree completely with the farmers in the sense that without having what the farmers produce we would not have a lot of foods and many everyday necessi-

Mckinley TariffBy: Mackenzie Moore, May 7, 1890

ties. And with this tax they are making it a lot harder on the farmers to produce things we need on an everyday basis. I think this is an issue that has people that are on both sides of what they think the right thing is and if the tariff is a good thing. Obviously the farmers do not think this is a good idea and strongly disagree while some people are for the tariff. I believe this is an issue that could go either way just as long as your reasoning of why it is right or wrong is backed up.

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William McKinley from Ohio.

Andrew Carnedie, a man of wealth and motivation.

Colt for Sale! $50Briskys StablesGreat Condition.

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Dear DarlaNEWS Page VI

By: Laura Harris

Thomas Alva Edison of eighty-four years has be-come a renounced inventor and scholar through the industrial community. As the proud creator of the light bulb, telegraph, phonograph, and many other incredible inventions he has proven to be one of the most intelligent minds of all time.Edison died on October 9, 1931 at 9:00pm. He woke from a coma to his wife Mina who had faith-fully been as his side all along in Glenmont, New Jersey.In respect to Edison from all communities, count-less individuals, and corporations, many dimmed their candles and/or turned off their electric lights in honor to the man who invented those filament bulbs in the first place.Some well admired words of the deceased were:"Be courageous! Whatever setbacks America has encountered, it has always emerged as a stronger and more prosperous nation...."And"Be brave as your fathers before you. Have faith and go forward" The degree of power this man held was great, though he was not the commander of an army or the president of these Free states. There is a great honor in Thomas Edison’s name with great gratitude in everything he contributed to the United States of America as well as the rest of the world. This feeling is not only the bias opinion of his fellow white-man citizens, but also from every other man, women, religion, and race out around the globe.

ObituarysThomas Edison

October 9, 1931 By: Lindsay Gardener

Ulysses S. GrantJuly 23, 1885 By: Reilly Braun

Grant did today at the age of 63 after living a fullfilling and prosporous life. He is looked up to by many and will surely go down into history. Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th president of the United States as well as general-in-chief of the Union Army during the American Civil War, he led the North to victory against the South in the Civil War. During his 1869-1877 presidency Grant became the first president to serve two full terms since Andrew Jackson. Grant led reconstruction by signing and enforcing civil rights laws. Grant was a man who held people account-able for their actions and was a prominent leader of the American Civil War and the reconstruction of the United States. “Although a soldier by profession, I have never felt any sort of fondness for war, and I have never advocated it, except as a means of peace”. Grant was an advocate for peace as he showed it as he led the North to victory in the civil war.

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Thomas Edison in his lab.

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In the year of 1876 the Battle of Little Big Horn took place. This battle came up because of how fast the whites were taking over land in the northwest and making the Native Americans move every so often to make room for them-selves. The Native American’s or specifically the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians had enough of this and were not going to move anymore for the whites. The two tribes joined together in Montana with the great warrior named Sit-ting Bull to fight for their land. The U.S. army had the idea of spreading out and pushing the Native Americans back into their land. So they had the idea of splitting up into 3 different groups and surrounding their army but little did they know that the Native Americans had more people than them. George Cluster a famous Commander saw the reservation from 15 miles away and started to attack with 1/3 of the army and 2/3 of the army not realizing that the attack had started. The U.S. army was not very aware of the land around that area and when attacking ran into many bluffs and ravines on the way to attack which slowed them down. The idea of at-tacking as fast as they did was not the best idea and caused the U.S. to lose to the battle of Little Big Horn.

Battle of Big HornJuly 9, 1876 By: Makenzie Moore

Haymarket Riot was an event that took place Tuesday, May 4th, 1886 at the Haymarket Square in Chicago. This event took place because of a rally that striking workers put on because of their anger about working in factories and what not. During this event an unknown person through a little bomb at a police officer as they dispersed the public meet-ing. The bomb ended up killing around 8 police officers and an unknown number of civilians. Because of the people that died they convicted 8 people for murder. Four people were put to death and one ended up committing suicide in prison.

Haymarket RiotMay 4, 1836 By: Makenzie Moore

The Haymarket Riot on May 4, 1886.

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Good job. Go to your Local Train Station for more information.

NEWS Page IX

Dear Editor,

In regards to your article last week on the topic of women’s rights, I am appalled. Women work tirelessly, even more so now than ever before. We have moved into the industrial revolution with full force and ease alongside our significant others, and other males that we consider to be our equals. We work in factories, retail, and other physically and mentally demanding occupations that this indus-trial revolution has thrown at us. I understand that in the past women’s suffrage has been looked over, over and over again, but enough is enough. Prior to this shift of urbanization women worked in the home, cooking, cleaning, and raising children; but now that we are in the labor force, working beside other males, women, and children we refused to be overlooked any longer. During and after the Civil War women stuck together, fighting for equal treat-ment of Blacks, their rights to citizenship, and their right to vote. It is only fair for it to be our turn; our turn to prove to America and the world that women deserve the rights to equal voting, and can have a positive impact on the fine government of the United States of America. I would appreciate it from now on if your newspaper would reflect a more positive light on the rights of women, be-cause after all, it is only fair.

Sincerely,Betsy Thomas Pittsburg, PA

Dear Editor,

I have recently seen Helen Hunt Jackson’s newest book A Century of Dishonor, and I was enthused to see that someone in America actually cares about the mistreat-ment of my people. We have been suffering since the 1600’s, and just recently have the citizens of America begin to realize the cruelty of their actions.

Even though the Dawes Severalty Act has started the movement of kindness towards the Native Americans, it is not enough. We should not be forced to behave like “good white settlers,” when that is not who we are, or what we believe, just to become citizens of the Unites States. In addition to Jackson’s book, could you possibly in the future give space in this paper to depict an accu-rate portrayal of the treatment of our people, so that even more citizens of this country can begin to become more aware of how the real “natives” of this country are being treated?

Sincerely,

Runs with Buffalo

Women’s rights activiist.

http://www.manifestdensity.net/2007/02/28/20070228_goldrush2.jpg : Page 1. Chinese immigration act. http://www.georgetown.u47.k12.me.us/grade6.03/Jim_Crow_Laws/jimcrow1.gif : Page 2. Jim Crow Laws.http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/2Cunard-Vintage/QueenMary13-1stNY.jpg : Page 3. Urbanization dur-ing the Industrial Revolution.http://gavinmaxwell.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/carnegie.jpg : Page 4. Industrialists. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/american_originals_iv/images/thomas_edison/thomas_edison.jpg : Page 7. Thomas Edison.http://www.colrain.mtrsd.k12.ma.us/site/sign.jpg : Advertisement. Blacks vs. Whites.http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/courts/supreme/images/brownhb.jpg : Henry Billings Brown .

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