ghsgt social studies review. government/civics 18% of the ghsgt

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GHSGT SOCIAL GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW STUDIES REVIEW

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Page 1: GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW. GOVERNMENT/CIVICS 18% OF THE GHSGT

GHSGT SOCIAL GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEWSTUDIES REVIEW

Page 2: GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW. GOVERNMENT/CIVICS 18% OF THE GHSGT

GOVERNMENT/CIVICSGOVERNMENT/CIVICS

18% OF THE GHSGT18% OF THE GHSGT

Page 3: GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW. GOVERNMENT/CIVICS 18% OF THE GHSGT
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Domain 1: American Government/Civics (approximately 18% of the test) Overview of the Domain Students describe, explain, analyze, and evaluate information related to the Declaration of Independence the United States Constitution the structure, function, and purpose of the national government civil liberties and civil rights participation in civic life and elections

Associated Concepts and Skills: Assessment of this domain will focus on the following: analyzing the philosophy and the nature of government in the Declaration of Independence explaining the main ideas in the debate over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and the fundamental

principles on which the document is based the structure and function of the national government ° explaining the branches of the federal government ° explaining the federal system ° explaining the difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate and describing the

legislative process ° analyzing the role of the President of the United States ° explaining the functions of the cabinet ° explaining the operation of the federal judiciary ° describing tools used to carry out foreign policy explaining civil liberties and civic life, including the Bill of Rights, due process, the balance between

individual liberties and the public interest, and equal treatment under the law describing participation in civic life explaining political parties and the nomination and election process; and identifying how amendments

extend the right to vote

Page 5: GHSGT SOCIAL STUDIES REVIEW. GOVERNMENT/CIVICS 18% OF THE GHSGT

What’s the Diff?What’s the Diff?

Different types of governmentDifferent types of government

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Different types of governmentDifferent types of government

DictatorshipsDictatorships Oligarchies Oligarchies Constitutional monarchiesConstitutional monarchies DemocraciesDemocracies Republics Republics

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What type of government does the U.S. What type of government does the U.S. have?have?

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What is the difference between a direct What is the difference between a direct democracy and a representative democracy and a representative democracy?democracy?

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Different Theories of GovernmentDifferent Theories of Government

Socialism—the government controls all of Socialism—the government controls all of the social services (transportation, the social services (transportation, education, healthcare, police/fire, postal education, healthcare, police/fire, postal services, utilities etc) through tax money. services, utilities etc) through tax money. Wealthy pay more taxes than poor. Wealthy pay more taxes than poor.

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Different Theories of GovernmentDifferent Theories of Government

Communism—The “proletariat” (working Communism—The “proletariat” (working class man) controls the government—the class man) controls the government—the government tells the citizens what to do—government tells the citizens what to do—0 individual freedom—you are told what 0 individual freedom—you are told what job you will have, where you will live, what job you will have, where you will live, what you can buy, etc…you can buy, etc…

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Different Theories of GovernmentDifferent Theories of Government

Democracy—the power of the government Democracy—the power of the government rests with the will of the peoplerests with the will of the people

There is a social contract between the There is a social contract between the government leaders and the people—the government leaders and the people—the people are willing to give up some people are willing to give up some freedoms to the government (laws) for the freedoms to the government (laws) for the good of the majority, but the government good of the majority, but the government agrees to protect the people.agrees to protect the people.

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In a democracy, what can be done if the In a democracy, what can be done if the government breaks the social contract with government breaks the social contract with the people?the people?

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When was the last time a government When was the last time a government broke a social contract with the American broke a social contract with the American people? What was done about it?people? What was done about it?

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The 2 governments of the US The 2 governments of the US

The Articles of the Confederation (during the The Articles of the Confederation (during the American Revolution-1787) American Revolution-1787) Weak government—a league of friendshipWeak government—a league of friendship No President or Court SystemNo President or Court System The States had ALL the powerThe States had ALL the power Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion

The US Constitution (1787-current day)The US Constitution (1787-current day) Separation of powers (3 branches of government)Separation of powers (3 branches of government) Federal government more powerful than StatesFederal government more powerful than States Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

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The US ConstitutionThe US Constitution

The Highest Law of the LandThe Highest Law of the Land

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Ratifying the ConstitutionRatifying the Constitution

Federalists—supported the new Federalists—supported the new ConstitutionConstitution James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John

Jay wrote 80 essays to defend the new Jay wrote 80 essays to defend the new Constitution called Constitution called The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers

Anti-Federalists—opposed the new Anti-Federalists—opposed the new ConstitutionConstitution Lacked a Bill of Rights Lacked a Bill of Rights Compromised and added a Bill of Rights—1Compromised and added a Bill of Rights—1stst

10 Amendments to the Constitution10 Amendments to the Constitution

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A living documentA living document

How can the US constitution be changed?How can the US constitution be changed? How many times has the US constitution How many times has the US constitution

been changed?been changed?

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Express Powers v Implied PowersExpress Powers v Implied Powers

Expressed Powers: specific powers that are Expressed Powers: specific powers that are listed in the US Constitution—they are listed in the US Constitution—they are written downwritten down

Implied Powers: powers that are NOT Implied Powers: powers that are NOT written down in the Constitution, but are written down in the Constitution, but are very vague and subject to interpretationvery vague and subject to interpretation

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The Power of the US ConstitutionThe Power of the US Constitution

The highest law of the landThe highest law of the land The power to change (through the The power to change (through the

amendment process)amendment process) Checks and balancesChecks and balances

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Branches of the Branches of the Government: Executive Government: Executive

BranchBranch

The Powers of the PresidentThe Powers of the President

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The Executive BranchThe Executive Branch

Qualifications: at least 35 years old; a Qualifications: at least 35 years old; a natural born citizen; a resident of the US natural born citizen; a resident of the US for at least 14 yearsfor at least 14 years

Terms of office: 4 year terms; cannot serve Terms of office: 4 year terms; cannot serve more than 2 consecutive terms as more than 2 consecutive terms as President (8 years total)President (8 years total)

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??

Can Arnold Schwarzenegger ever be Can Arnold Schwarzenegger ever be President? Why or why not? President? Why or why not?

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How is a President elected?How is a President elected?

2 ways: popular vote and electoral college2 ways: popular vote and electoral college Popular vote: every American citizen over Popular vote: every American citizen over

18 has the right to vote in the Presidential 18 has the right to vote in the Presidential election on the 2election on the 2ndnd Tuesday of November Tuesday of November every 4 yearsevery 4 years

Electoral college: a group of Electoral college: a group of representatives for each state meet on the representatives for each state meet on the 22ndnd Tuesday of December every 4 years Tuesday of December every 4 years and cast their votes for Presidentand cast their votes for President

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More on the electoral collegeMore on the electoral college

Presidents are Presidents are NOT NOT elected by the popular elected by the popular vote or the direct democracy approach vote or the direct democracy approach BUT…it does help the electoral college BUT…it does help the electoral college make up its mind who to vote for…make up its mind who to vote for…

Each state receives a certain number of Each state receives a certain number of electoral college votes. The electoral electoral college votes. The electoral college representatives of each state has college representatives of each state has the responsibility of voting for the will of the responsibility of voting for the will of the people of that state…the people of that state…

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??

How did GA vote in the election of 2008?How did GA vote in the election of 2008?

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Specific Powers of the PresidentSpecific Powers of the President

Commander in chief—has the power to Commander in chief—has the power to send troops anywhere in the worldsend troops anywhere in the world

President is the “Chief Executive”—the President is the “Chief Executive”—the leader of the United Statesleader of the United States

Determines the national budgetDetermines the national budget President sets the national agenda (what President sets the national agenda (what

goals does the country have)goals does the country have)

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The Presidential CabinetThe Presidential Cabinet

The chief advisors to the PresidentThe chief advisors to the President The Vice President + 15 Departmental LeadersThe Vice President + 15 Departmental Leaders

• Department of the StateDepartment of the State• Departemnt of the TreasuryDepartemnt of the Treasury• Department of the DefenseDepartment of the Defense• Department of the InteriorDepartment of the Interior• Department of the EducationDepartment of the Education• Department of the AgricultureDepartment of the Agriculture• Department of the CommerceDepartment of the Commerce• Department of Homeland SecurityDepartment of Homeland Security• Etc…Etc…

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The Office of PresidencyThe Office of Presidency

Who keeps the President on schedule?Who keeps the President on schedule? The White House staff is approximately The White House staff is approximately

400 people.400 people. The Chief of Staff keeps the White House The Chief of Staff keeps the White House

running and the President on task.running and the President on task.

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Branches of the Branches of the Government: Legislative Government: Legislative

BranchBranch

The Powers of CongressThe Powers of Congress

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The Elastic ClauseThe Elastic Clause

Article I of the Constitution states:Article I of the Constitution states: ““The The CongressCongress shall have Power - To shall have Power - To

make all Laws which shall be necessary make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powersforegoing Powers, and all other Powers , and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.Department or Officer thereof.””

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2 Houses of Congress2 Houses of Congress

House of House of RepresentativesRepresentatives 2 year term2 year term 435 members435 members Elected by state Elected by state

districtsdistricts Primary Primary

responsibilities include responsibilities include raising taxesraising taxes

SenateSenate 6 year term6 year term 100 members (2 each 100 members (2 each

state)state) Elected by the state as Elected by the state as

a wholea whole Primary responsiblities Primary responsiblities

include consenting to include consenting to treaties and treaties and presidential presidential appointeesappointees

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Congressional Powers over the Economy $$$$$$$Congressional Powers over the Economy $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

““power to levy taxes & provide for the power to levy taxes & provide for the general welfare of the US”general welfare of the US” Revenue Bills (raising taxes) began in House Revenue Bills (raising taxes) began in House

and then move to the Senate for a voteand then move to the Senate for a vote Appropriations bills—proposed laws to Appropriations bills—proposed laws to

authorize spending money—not defined by authorize spending money—not defined by ConstitutionConstitution

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Congressional Powers over the Economy $$$$$$$Congressional Powers over the Economy $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Constitution gives Congress the power to Constitution gives Congress the power to borrow moneyborrow money

Constitution gives Congress the power to Constitution gives Congress the power to print and coin money and punish print and coin money and punish counterfeiterscounterfeiters

Congress has power to make bankruptcy Congress has power to make bankruptcy laws—usually allows States to handle laws—usually allows States to handle individual bankruptcies individual bankruptcies

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Congressional Foreign PowersCongressional Foreign Powers

Power to approve treaties, declare war, Power to approve treaties, declare war, create and maintain a military, make rules create and maintain a military, make rules of military & regulate foreign commerceof military & regulate foreign commerce

War Powers Act (1973)—President can War Powers Act (1973)—President can only commit troops into action for 60 days only commit troops into action for 60 days without congressional notification within 48 without congressional notification within 48 hourshours

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The Power of ImpeachmentThe Power of Impeachment

House votes to impeachHouse votes to impeach Senate hears the trialSenate hears the trial 2/3’s vote is required for conviction & 2/3’s vote is required for conviction &

removalremoval Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

presides over the processpresides over the process

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Powers denied to CongressPowers denied to Congress

Bill of Rights—specified rights and liberties to Bill of Rights—specified rights and liberties to individuals of the USindividuals of the US

Writ of habeas corpus—Congress cannot keep Writ of habeas corpus—Congress cannot keep an individual prisoner if the Courts have an individual prisoner if the Courts have released said individualreleased said individual

Bills of attainder—finding individuals guilty and Bills of attainder—finding individuals guilty and punishing them without a trialpunishing them without a trial

Ex Post Facto Laws—(after the fact laws)—Ex Post Facto Laws—(after the fact laws)—Congress cannot find individuals guilty of crimes Congress cannot find individuals guilty of crimes that were legal when they were committedthat were legal when they were committed

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??

What if…a person was texting while driving What if…a person was texting while driving in March of 2009 and was involved in a car in March of 2009 and was involved in a car crash and killed 4 people. The national crash and killed 4 people. The national government (Congress) passed a new government (Congress) passed a new amendment in September of 2011 that amendment in September of 2011 that made it illegal for a person to text while made it illegal for a person to text while driving with a mandatory sentence of 10 driving with a mandatory sentence of 10 years in federal prison. Would the person years in federal prison. Would the person who texted while driving in 2009 be subject who texted while driving in 2009 be subject to this law? Why or why not? What is this to this law? Why or why not? What is this an example of? an example of?

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Branches of the Branches of the Government: Judicial Government: Judicial

BranchBranch

The Powers of the CourtsThe Powers of the Courts

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The Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court

There are 9 supreme court justicesThere are 9 supreme court justices