gestalt theraphy 2

8/18/2019 Gestalt theraphy 2

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© 2011 Brooks/Cole, A

Chapter 7

Gestalt Therapy

Be who you are and say what you feel because thosewho mind don’t matter and those who matter don’tmind.

Dr. Seuss


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Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• Outline the development of Gestalt therapy and Fritz Perls

• Explain the theory of Gestalt therapy including its core concepts

• Discuss the counseling relationship and goals in Gestalt therapy• Descrie assessment! process! and techni"ues in Gestalt

therapy

• Demonstrate some therapeutic techni"ues

• Clarify the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy• Discuss Gestalt play therapy


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Overview Gestalt Therapy

Fritz Perls

• #he $ature of People

• #heory of Counseling

• Counseling %ethod

• Cross Cultural &pplication

• %anaged 'ealth Care


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Fritz Perls

• & native of Germany

• Childhood of "uestioning and reellion

• Degree from Friedrich (ilhelm )niversity in *+,*• (or-ed in .outh &frica for *, years and there

formulated all the ideas he /ould later call Gestalttherapy

• 0ived in $e/ 1or-! %iami! California and 2ritishColumia


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Gestalt

• & German term that cannot e translated exactlyinto English! ut explained as3

• A form, a configuration or a totality that has, as aunified whole, properties which cannot be derived bysummation from the parts and their relationships. Itmay refer to physical structures, to physiological and

psychological functions, or to symbolic units.

4English 5 English! *+6! p8 ,,69


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The Nature of People

• #he most important areas of concern are thethoughts and feelings that people areexperiencing at the moment

• $ormal healthy ehavior occurs /hen people actand react as total organisms8

• %any people fragment their lives! distriuting

concentration and attention among several thingsat one time


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The Nature of People

• :ie/ of human nature is positive

• People are capale of ecoming self;regulating

eings /ho can achieve a sense of unity andintegration in their lives

•


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General principles for healthy

functioning1. Valuing the here-and-now in order to

experience each minute fully

2. Embracing self-awareness and experience,understanding and accepting all parts of self

3. Priing wholeness or responsibility andunderstanding life is a process! as people

mature they mo"e past old ways andbecome more self-su#cient, self-obser"ing,and self-understanding

4Fall et al8! ,>>?9


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People cause themselves problems by

not handling their lives in these ways• Lacing contact with their environment.

• !onfluence: incorporate themselves into

others or the environment into themselves

• "nfinished business3 unfulfilled needs!unfinished situations


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Cause of problems

• Fragmentation3 inaility to find /hat oneneeds caused fragmentation

• #op$under dog 3 split et/een /hat theyshould do and /hat they /ant to do

• Polarities3 need to resolve conflicts et/een

existing polarities


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Five Types of Polarities

!" Physical masculine;feminine! andparasympathetic;sympathetic nervous system

#" $motional3 pleasure;pain! love;hate!excitement;depression! love;hate

%" &ental3 Parent;child! feeling;reason! top dog;underdog

'" (piritual3 intellectual dout @ dogmatism)" *nter+*ndividual3 man;/oman! lac-;/hite!

Christian;Ae/


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Theory of Counseling #he five layers of neurosis 4counseling stages9

!" Phony ,ayer 3 #rying to e /hat they are not

#" Phobic ,ayer 3 &/are of the fears that force thePhony game

%" *mpasse ,ayer 3 .hed environmental supports of theirgame /ithout a etter /ay to cope /ith fears anddisli-es

'" *mplosive ,ayer 3 &/are of ho/ they limit themselves

and egin to experiment /ith ne/ ehaviors)" $-plosive ,ayer 3 Discover unused energy tied upmaintaining a phony existence


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Theory of Counseling

*8 2ody language @ proBect thoughts onto empty chairas significant person

,8 Direct experience of the here and no/ @ ntegration

and maturation @ Gestalts as ne/ needs8 'elp people help themselves gro/ up

?8 ntegration is creating /hole person /hoseehavior matches their inner state

68 People should3 gro/ in a/areness @ ta-eresponsiility for their actions @ move fromenvironmental support to self support


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. sampling of counseling

methods•


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. sampling of counseling

methods• Change "uestions to statements


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(ampling of counseling

methods• 2ipolarities @ #opIunder dog or should vs8

/anto )se an empty chair for a discussiono Client sits in one chair to defend


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/ecision &a0ing

.1$EG.E

.1$#'E.JE

#OP DOG


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Counseling method

ntegrate thoughts and feelings

For three closest people /rite

•


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Counseling methods

Fantasy Games for creating a/areness

• Client fantasizes eing an animal and

tries to understand /hat it feels li-e

• (ise person3 client as-s and ans/ersone "uestion toIfrom a /ise person


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Counseling &ethods

Dream (or-• Dreaming is an a/areness of the /orld

• Pieces of a dream are fragments of apersonality that must e integrated

• Descrie a dream @ list the oBects @ client

gives a voice to each part and has themconverse


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Gestalt Play Therapy

• Concern of therapy is the integratedfunctioning of all aspects of the child so that

senses! ody! emotions! and intellect are/ell coordinated in a creative adBustment

• & dance that sometimes the counselorleads and other times the child leads

• !ontact is having the aility to ecompletely present in a situation


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• Goal is to restore the childs naturalfunctioning and self;regulatory

processes• Experiencing the contacting process

leads to integration! choice and

change


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Focus on development of inner strengthand confidence in the child through

opportunities to ma-e choices! achievemastery! o/n their proBections!participate in imaginative play! andexpel aggressive energy appropriately


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Cross+cultural .pplications

• (or-s /ell for some and offends others 4such ascultures /here emotions are not expressed9

• Dedicated to lifestyle change rather than prolem

resolution3 f you learn ho/ to ehave! the prolems/ill ta-e care of themselves8

• Present oriented ut past can e dealt /ith usingempty chair

• People are responsile for their lives @ no victims @discounts the past

• Counselor must 4in all cases9 adapt to the cultureand /orld vie/ of their clients


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&anaged 1ealth Care

*8 %anaged health care companies /ouldhave difficulties /ith this approach ecauseof the lac- of specificity

,8 'o/ do you -no/ /hen therapy is finishedK(hen the client has achieved the openhonest manner of interaction

8 Can e vie/ed as instant cure ecause thatsometimes happens "uic-ly

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