GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

Prof. J. N. Mandal

Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai , Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in URL - http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~cejnm/

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

LECTURE- 1INTRODUCTION

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

NOTICE

The content of this course reflects the views and opinion of thevarious authors. It does not constitute a standard, specificationor regulation. Nobody will be liable or responsible for anydamage caused to anyone by the use of the content of thiscourse.

COURSE NAME: GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

Module Contents

1. IntroductionBackground of reinforced earth, mechanism and

concepts, Basis of reinforced earth wall design

2. An overview of Geosynthetic

Geosynthetics classifications, functions, applications,raw materials used. Different types of Geosynthetics,manufacturing, system, Design and sustainability

3. Geosynthetic Testing

Various properties of Geosynthetics, physicalproperties, mechanical properties, hydraulic properties& endurance properties, Nano material

Course content

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Module Contents

4.Geosynthetic in filtration, drainage and erosion

control

Mechanism of filtration and drainage functions &their applications, Design step for erosioncontrol and geocomposite drainage

5.Geosynthetic in pavement

Mechanisms and concept of pavement, designof unpaved road, Giroud and Noiray method,U.S. Forest services, airfield pavement design,reflection cracking, pavement rehabilitation andrepair, Nano material

6.Geosynthetic Reinforced soil retaining wall

Different types of facing elements, constructionprocedure, cost, design of Geosynthetics wraparound faced wall, geogrid reinforced soil walls,geocell wall, gabion wall

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Module Contents7.Geosynthetic in

Reinforced soil slopes

Model for single and multi-layer reinforced slopes,guidelines for design of reinforced slopes, softwarefor reinforced soil slopes

8.Geosynthetic in embankment

Design of basal reinforced embankment, placementof Geosynthetics, construction procedure, wideningof existing road embankments

9.Geosynthetic in ground improvement

Consolidation techniques, Development of designchart for prefabricated vertical drains, groundinstrumentation and monitoring, Design of encasedstone columns, geocell/geofoam systems

10.Geosynthetic in Bearing capacity

Bearing capacity of Geosynthetics reinforced soilsystem, geocell reinforced sand overlaying soft clay

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Module Content

11.Geosynthetic in geotextile tube

Geotextile tubes, geotextile containers, geotextilebags, dewatering waste and contaminatedsediments, installation and design of geotextiletube

12.Geosynthetic in landfill

Design of landfill liner, veneer slope stability withoutand with seismic analysis, run out length,settlement of landfill, advantage of LSS model

13.Geosynthetic in geofoam

Applications, advantage, function of geofoam,physical, mechanical and thermal properties ofgeofoam, design of embankment using geofoam,geofoam reinforced soil walls, New light weight fillmaterial

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Koerner, R. M. (2012). Designing with Geosynthetics, 6thEdition, Vol. 1 and 2, Xlibris corp., 914 p.

Giroud, J. P. (1984). “Geotextiles and Geomembranes.Definitions, Properties and Design,” Selected Papers,Revisions and Comments, 4th ed., IFAI Publishers, 325 p.

Holtz, R. D., Christopher, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (1997)Geosynthetic engineering, Bitech publishers Ltd., 452p.

Hausmann, M. R. (1990). Engineering Principles ofGround Modification, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,New York, 632 p.

Ingold, T. S. (1982). Reinforced Earth, Thomas TelfordLtd., London, 141 p.

RFERENCES:

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Das B. M. (2008). Advanced Soil mechanics, Taylor andFracis Group, London, 2nd Edition.

Christopher, B. R., Holtz, R. D. and DiMaggio, J. A. (1984).Geotextile Engineering Manual, No. DTFH 61-80-C-00094,Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration,1044 p.

Holtz, R. D., Christophers, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (TechnicalConsultant: DiMaggio) (1998). Geosynthetics Design andConstruction Guidelines, U.S. Department of Transportation,Washington, DC, FHWA-HI-98-038, 460 p.

Van Zanten, R. V., Ed. (1986). Geotextiles andGeomembranes in Civil Engineering, Rotterdam: A. A.Balkema, 658 p.

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Pilarezyk, K. W. Ed. (2000). Geosynthetics andGeosystems in Hydraulic and coastal engineering,Balkema, 913p.

Rankilor, P. R. (1981). Membranes in Ground Engineering,New York: J. Wiley, 377 p.

Horvath, J. S. (1995). Geofoam Geosynthetic, Scarsdale,NY: Horvath Engineering P.C., 217p.

Mandal, J. N., Ed. (1988). “Reinforced Soil and Geotextile,”Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Private Limited, NewDelhi.

Mandal, J. N. and Divshikar, D. G. (2002). “A Guide toGeotextiles Testing,” NEW AGE International PrivateLimited Publisher, New Delhi.

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Mandal, J. N., Ed. (1994). “Geosynthetics World,” NEWAGE International Private Limited Publisher, New Delhi.

Mandal, J. N. and Choudhury, D., Ed. (2004). InternationalConference on Geosynthetics and GeoenvironmentalEngineering, ICGGE 2004, Quest publications, Mumbai,India.

Mandal, J. N. and Divshikar, D. G. (1994). “Soil Testing inCivil Engineering,” Oxford and IBH Publishing CompanyPrivate Limited, New Delhi.

Venkatappa, R. G. and Suryanarayana, R. G. V. S., Eds.(1990). Engineering with Geosynthetics, Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi.

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Das, B. M. (2002). Principles of Geotechnical EngineeringCENGAGE Learning, Fifth edition, 589 p.

U.S. Environmental protection Agency (1979), “Design andConstruction for solid waste landfills”, publication No. EPA-600/2-79-165, Cincinnati, Ohio.

“Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology,”Volume 9, Geotechnical Applications Leak DetectionTreatment Options, Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Editor, 1989.

Chapter 8: “Preservation of the Environmental Pollution UsingGeosynthetic Waste Containment Systems” by Prof. J. N.Mandal, pp. 277-308, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,Texas, USA.

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

“Geosynthetics Case Histories”, editors: Raymond, G. P. andGiroud, J.P., on behalf of ISSMFE TC9 on Geotextiles andGeosynthetics, March 1993, 277 p. (Prof. J. N. Mandal isone of the members of ISSMFE technical committee TC9 ongeotextiles and geosynthetics)

“Geosynthetics Bibliography,” volumes 1 and 2, Conferences(1993), by J.P. Giroud with cooperation of J. F. Beech andA. Khatami, Geosyntec Consultants, Published under theauspices of the international geotextile society, by theIndustrial Fabrics Association International. (From India,Prof. J.N. Mandal gave abundant quality information aboutIndian geosynthetics literature.)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Official Journals of the IGS:

Prof. R. J. Bathurst, ed. Geosynthetics International,Thomas Telford Ltd. (Chair: Dr. J. P. Giroud)

Prof. R. Kerry Rowe., ed. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,Elsevier Applied Science Publishers (Chair: Dr. J. P. Giroud)

Additional Readings: International/ National Journals,Conferences etc. and any other books/ texts related onGeosynthetics and other related products

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

ASTM Standards on Geosynthetics, USA, 1996, pp. 837-1147.

AASHTO (1997), Standard specifications for geotextiles-M 288,Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods ofsampling and testing, 18th edition, American Association of statetransportation and highway officials, Washington, D.C., 1997.

BS.8006.1995 “Code of practice for Strengthened/ reinforced soils andother fills” British Standards and Institution. U.K.

BS.8006-1. 2010 “Code of practice for Strengthened/reinforced soilsand other fills” British Standards and Institution. U.K.

Mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes: Designand construction guidelines (FHWA, 2001).

Design manual for segmental retaining walls, NCMA Design manual,1996.

Segmental retaining walls – seismic design manual, Dr. R. J. Bathurst.

Codes and Design Standards

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Audience/ Target Group

This course will be very useful to

Undergraduate and post graduate students of civilengineering.

Geosynthetic/ geotechnical/ textile/ polymer/ consulting/practicing engineers/ government officials/ policy and decisionmakers/ implementation/ NGO’s.

Professors as well as specifiers, project designers,distributors, contractors and manufacturers.

Pre-requisite: Viewer’s Knowledge of Basic Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Engineering/ Geotechnical Engineering.

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Why do you need to study“GEOSYNTHETIC ENGINEERING: IN THEORY ANDPRACTICE” ?

To aim to be world-class Center of Excellence in innovativedesign, analysis and failure of geosynthetic elements andother related products for the benefit of the mankind aroundthe world.

Enhancing how elementary theoretical knowledge andobservation of engineering performance assist and inspirecreativity in the rational application of geosyntheticengineering systems.

Aim and objective:

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

In the past few years, the development of geosynthetic haveemerged an exciting engineering materials for massiveinfrastructure applications in India and delivers high valueadded solutions in the whole gamut of the followingGeosynthetics Engineering areas:

Geotechnical Engineering

Transportation Engineering

Geo environmental Engineering

Coastal/Hydraulics/Water Resources Engineering

Mining Engineering, and

Agricultural EngineeringProf. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Look at these pictures……

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Failure of keystone walls during the 1999 ChiChi Earthquake, Taiwan

Geotechnical Engineering

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Failure of Reinforced Soil wall (metallic strips) near Kolkata

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Failure of Geogrid Reinforced Soil Walls

Failure of Gabion wall in Sahara Mumbai

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Reinforced Slope Failure during Chichi Earthquake (September 21, 1999 ) (After Lawson-2002)

Four reinforced tire, 40 m in height, Allslope height of max 80 m

Maximum reinforced zone Width of 13m in the bottom tire and this decrease toonly 4 m in the top tire.

A major earthquake of magnitude 7.6struck. During strong ground motions thereinforced soil moves outwards anddown the toe slope.

Bottom 2 tires sliding horizontallyoutward and down the toe slope (15m)slumping into the void left behind

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Transportation Engineering

Unpaved Road (After G. V. Rao)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Pot hole/ Reflection crackingProf. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Water logging in road

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Channel erosion damage caused by inadequate filter beneath hard armor

Slopes and Channels:

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Water seepage through the Dam

Tunnel Rehabilitation excessive leakage can lead to instability

SAN FIORANO, ITALY

(After Koerner, R. M., GSI/ GRI)Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Disaster Management - Flood

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

HIMALAYAN TSUNAMI

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Failure of geotextile tubeProf. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

MIRAFI

The raging currentRiver Ouveze, Europe, 1992 15 m high wall

of water

38 dead

The fury waves 1300 dead from

Hurricane David (1979)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Open Sanitary landfill, Okhla(Photograph by J. N. Mandal)

GEO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Mumbai (Devanar) Landfill(Courtesy Photograph byB. S. Patil)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Mumbai (Mulund) Landfill(Courtesy Photograph byB. S. Patil)

Koerner, R. M. (GSI/ GRI)

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Please let us hear from you

Any question?

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Prof. J. N. Mandal

Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai , Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in

Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay