geomagnetic three‐hour‐range indices
TRANSCRIPT
GEOMAGNETIC THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES FOR THE YEARS 1938 AND 1939
BY J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOHNSTON Abstract--The paper gives three-hour-range indices K for seven observatories for
July 1, 1938, to December 31, 1939 (Table 1), world-wide three-hour-range indices K• for 1938 and 1939 (Table 2, which will be used most often), and, based on Ku,, daily indices B (Table 3) and monthly frequencies and averages (Table 4). Section (1) contains all the information necessary for using these Tables in geophysical or ionospheric work.
Sections (2) to (5) show how the indices K are standardized by means of keys for transforming/( into reduced indices Kr. The world-wide Kt, is introduced as an aver- age 9 f the reduced indices Kr, in which the Kr from polar stations enter with higher weight than the Kr from equatorial stations. Kw is proposed as a measure of the in- tensity P of solar corpuscular radiation.
Note--Throughout this paper, a superior cross (X) denotes a half unit, thus, 0x =0.5, lx-- 1.5, etc.
õ 1. Description of the current tables and diagrams The three-hour-range index K expresses, by an integer between 0
and 9, the intensity of the magnetic disturbance at an observatory for each of the eight three-hour intervals of the Greenwich day, as described in our first paper, • to which the reader is referred for details; the present paper will, however, be self-contained in that the tables and their use will be explained.
Table/--Original K-indices, for July, 1938, to December, 1939, for the seven observatories Si =Sitka (Alaska), Ni = Niemegk (Potsdam, Germany), Ch=Cheltenham (Maryland), Tu=Tucson (Arizona), SJ = San Juan (Puerto Rico), Hu=Huancayo (Peru), and Wa=Watheroo (Western Australia). The first of the eight indices given for each Green- wich day refers to the interval 00 h to 03 h GMT. The indices for January to June, 1938, were given on pages 434-439 of our first paper, x together with those for Ho = Honolulu.
In case of incomplete records, indices could easily be estimated from those given by the other observatories for the same intervals. There are again a few cases in which the range was clearly raised by the geo- magnetic effect of a solar flare, that is, by a non-corpuscular solar in- fluence' for these intervals, a "non-flare-K" or K' , , , was also estimated [used for deriving Kr, see section (4)], as follows:
January 16, 1938, 00h-03 h GMT: Ho K=2, Kt=0; Wa K--5, K'=I. September 20, 1938, !5a-18 • GMT: Ch K=2, K'=I; Tu K=2, K'=I; SJ K=2, K'=I; Ho K=3, K•=0; Hu K=5, K•=2; 18h_21h GMT: Hu K=5, K'=O. September 23, 1938, 15n-18 h GMT: Hu K=4, K •=2. December 7, 1938, 18a-21 • GMT: Si K--I, K •=0; Ch K=4, K'=I; Tu K=5, K'=i; SJ K=3, K'=O; Ho K=2, K'=O; Hu K=2, K'=I. August 29, 1939, 18t'-21 • GMT: Hu K=2, K'=I.
Table 2mWorld-wide indices K•, and their daily sums, 1938-39, are given in Table 2. Eight indices are given for each Greenwich day, the first referring to the interval 00 h to 03 h GMT. K• is given to half a unit; for econom• in printing, half-units are indicated by crosses (x). The new Table supersedes the previous Tables for 2Kin for the first half of 1938.
•Terr. Mag., 44, 411-454 (1939). Since February 1, 1940, the K-indices for Cheltenham are broadcast daily in the cosmic-dam Ursi.gram (see Note in Terr. Mag., 45, 112, 1940), and since April 1, 1940, the weekly "Cosmic-data" Bulletins issued by Science Service, Washington, D.C., contain the K-indices for seven American-operated observatories.
309
310 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND tt. F. JOHNSTON [Vot.. 45, No. 31
Table !--Three-hour-ra•e indices, K, July 1058 to December 1939 July 1958
2•32 4324 3423 3210 02•!0 0110 1110 5555 4323 4231 2212 3421 1100 •21 221•
•3 • •22 1200 0•1 0111 1•1 4•6 44• 4• •$ 3•1 1110 2212 •
'• • •3 •!0 0100 ,0000 2111 43• 4•1 4210, ,•2• 3110 • 1•1 2121,,20•
2•0 0133 4t4 4• 3•1 0011 2100 2111 1111 •a 5512 3•3 24• 5568' 43• 2112 1•4 • •54 4211 1111 1211 •11 12• 3•4 5412 32• 1453 5566 532• lOlO 1• 5• 3• 3211 0•2 2211 • 21• • 5412 3244 2445 5567 53•
2010 1•5 • •54 2111 2122 2221 2• • • 4412 •33 1444 5656 543• 43• •!1! 2• •22 •53 •12 2• 1211 •22 12• 3• •12 3243 • •4• 43• 4244 10• 1•2 4322 •53 2101 • 11• 3331 1113 •5 •11 4331 14• 6664 4•3
•111 0•3 43• 3• •10,0•0 2121 1!,01 ,1,•21 1123 4322 32• 2•4 5665 4.3• !7 18 !9 2q, . 21 22 23
•2 1•1 •ill 22• 312• 3122 •21 12• 31• 2•2i •32 •211 2•1 •122 3001 1•1 0110 0101 23•1 4122 2121 1211 •2 2111 2211 111I 1321 1•00 2323 2112 12!2 • •01 0•11 131• 3122 1212 2•0 23• 2•21 2212 0•1 0111 1120 •1• I•0 •1 101• 0011 1•2 31• 2112 2221 1• 2• 2212 0131 0211 2•0 1112 2011 2012 •1 0010 0•1 21•1 3012 011• 12• 3212 1111 1111 0221 1120 1110 1222 1102 1112
1210 1110 00•1 2•1 3012 2221 •0 1•0 1111 •11 0221 1430 11•0 2421 10•
1•0,,,,•00 0100 0100 2123 1100 1111 1112 2121 ,•111 0111 0110 11• •212 •1 121! • .... 26 27 2B 29 30
2•00 o• • •i• m•o 0•2• •100 •00 0•2 •a 4788 524• 32o2 0•00 20• •0 00•0 •no 0•0 2•0• 0•00 m•o m•2 • •a• • a•n •0•0 20m oom o• oreo m•o •2•2 oreo 0• o•m m •os 4m 4•m 00•0 •00 •0 om• oom m•o 0•2 • 0•0 o•m 2• a6•s •4 42m 0000 2ira oho moo •0 m•o •2 oom •00 o•m • •4 •4 320• •0•0 2• 0•20 oom •00 moo •22• 00• •,•0 m2• •2 •42 •sa a•o• •00
•alg•00 •00 •0,,2•00 m•O •0• • 00• q!2• 2• •54,,42• •n 00• ..... August 19118
! .... 2 $ "4 s ....... • 7 s $1 1224 4434 4731 2334 3310 0226 45'97 6333 5542 5443 3344 3322 2442 3320 1221 2011 N1 1133 3534 4522 •345 4210 0337 5554 4544 4532 5443 3322 1333 1211 4422 1112 1032 Ch 12;33 2435 4622 2234 4320 0336 5566 3436 5532 3343 5321 0222 0440 2222 1222 002• Tu 2243 3435 4633 2334 4320 0337 5565 43.• 4542 2343 4322 1212 1441 2332 1222 1111 SJ 1142 • 4522 02,33 '3220 0327 5444 2334 4432 1242 3311 0211 1331 2222 ,1222 1122 Hu 1!32 3544 4431 •333 2210 1436 4443 45•3 3432 3542 3311 2431 1322 4422 1121 2121 Wa 1142 2523 3432 1334 31.2,,9 0225 3554 4431 2•1 3321 3221 1311 0221 1321 0122 1011
,9, 10 !! !2,, 13 14 15 16 Si 2020 2021 2433 2222 235? 77s• $33z z231 3320 101! looo 2120 oool 0110 0000 0000
C'n 1000 2012 1322 2333 3436 5434 23.32 • 3430 1011 1100 2111 0000 0110 0000 0001 Tu 1000 2112 03,.• 2332 3446 5445 3333 2323 3441 2011 1101 3110 0000 1101 1110 0100 SJ 1101 2111 0322 2332•2436 2343 2333 2322 3411 2121 1101 2110 0000 0100 0010 0111 Itu 1000 3310 0323 4532 2325 5554 232.4 4342 3331 3220 1101 4320 0000 1210 OOlO 0010
W& 1110 2000 1322 2111 1246 6432 2333 2222 3331,1010 !100 2110 0000 0100 0000 0000 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
51 0012 3110 2000 0111 0002 1111 0001 0000 0000 3231 1200 3,342 3337 4221 2001 2123 N1 0001 3311 1100 1111 1100 1221 1110 0111 0011 3322 1211 5443 3335 5•2 !022 •245 ½h 0010 0202 2000 0011 0100 0021 0011 0011 0111 2221 1300 5464 • 5232 1011 2244 Tu 0011 2111 2001 0011 0110 0112 0100 0011 0100 3231 1200 5454 4445 42,.• 2122 2134 SJ 0011 1100 1001 0011 0101 0111 0001 1111 0100 2321 2200 Z353 • 42•1 2011 l• 0010 2410 2000 1211 1110 1210 0110 1211 0101 33•0 1100 6662 33•4 6432 1112 4334
Wa 0010,,,,,,2.100 1000 ,,0010, 0010 0100 0000 0001 0000 1331 1100 4322 3345 4221 1111 2132 • .... 20 , Z7 .... 2• 2e SO 31
'$! 3i00 0220 0000 0010 0002 0010 1001 0321 2232 2132 3413 2121 2323 3000 Nl 4,.R20 1231 1110 1022 1101 1112 0101 1333 2•_•'/• 1142 3422 3121 2212 2110 /21 4210 1221 0110 0021 0011 0000 1100 0333 •.•23 0132 3412 2232 2221 0000 Tu 3210 0121 1100 0021 101! 0010 1000 0243 2•33 1133 3413 2121 2.%21 1100 SJ 2210 0221 0110 0021 0010 0110 1000 0343 3333 00,%2 2411 0111 1320 0100 •u 3100 1310 0100 1210 0001 1210 1000 2542 22.32 2.342 2402 4310 1221 2210 Wa 2110 0021 0110 0001 0000 0100 0100 12•3 2232 0031 2211 1120 1112 2000
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939
Table 1--Three-hour-range Indices, K, July 1938 to December 1939--contlnued September 1938
1 2 3 4 5, e 7 8 oisi iin oo20 oooi 223s 42ii io22 22i• ii23 33io oooo ooo2 iisi i32i 22i2
m• o•z• oon oo• •,• • oo• • • •o oooo •o•, •n m• •
oho om no• on• z• • oooz • •z• •oo o•o• •o• • •s• •zz o•o • oon • • ,•z oooo 4•, •o• •s•o ooo• • • • •n ono oin oioi OlOZ •iz •ii o•i i•i• iiiz •oo oioo ,iooz Zmi mio,,zin •iii
•23 3220 i3• 412i 11• 3131 2i32 3121 •22 0243 4624 5755 6788 87• 32• 0122 2332; 2i22 3222 •i2 i2• •2i 2•3 i4i2 1• 55il •55 6•4 65• 33ii 0122 2•2 1222 2211 33• 2•2 •31 11• 1421 1155 44• •55 6665 e554 5•i oi• • i2• •i• • • •i 23• • lis4 ss• 4• ee•e 5453 53• 2123 1121 2•2 1222 2111 2202 21• 1222 1022 142i 1155 4523 •44 5455 64• 4322 2i32 0i12 •41 !211 •30 •0! • 1•0 •31 2311 2455 4421 4e54 4•4 5553 3212 0•! •21 !113 •11 2101 •1 1111,2•1 i•2 !•4 4411 • •57 7554 •12,
17 18 19 20 21 • 2• •4 . •32 3310 10•1 1101 1110 0121 2032 1110 0021 1131 •4 2210 1• 1120 0•0 1011 •11 •10 1112 •03 1011 0112 2122 2110 0122 11• • 3210 2432 1112 !001 1113
•11 2120 •21 1101 1110 • •21 2•10 0111 0143 3•3 2221 2•1 1112 0000 0111 •21 1121 2131 1001 1110 O• 2131 •0 0121 01• 4• 2122 2432 1111 1000 •11 3•1 1121 •21 1210 1110 1212 2121 •0 0121 1033 •3 1•2 2331 0111 0100 0110 1311 4310 1•1 •11 0111 1321 2021 3•5• 1111 33• •33 •21 2332 24•1 !0• •11 3210 1111 110! 1110 0.!01 2!31.. .2100 1121 1•32 2•3 1.!10 •1 110! 0100 1101
• 26 27 28 29
•00 01• 3•4 5•3 •3• • 7•3 •33 2•3 32• 2214 •5 01• 0• •45 4• 1•3 1• 7633 • 2•2 • 2214 •64 0•1 13• • 4653 1333 •26 6633 5652 13• 3321 111• •4
:01• 2111 •5 • 1131 32• 5• • •2 3311 !114 4254 October 1938
47o5 3s.• ssz4232• •433 •ss3 •i5 5iiø0002 0000 oni 3i20 o•??s76½ 46•6z• • •4 ss• • • i• •i• 4• OOli 0000 •s •i • •4 •34 •s ••4• s• 4s• 0s•4 •os si•i •00 0000 • •0 o•s • s•s• 4v• 2iss'4332 ssss sE2 • ssis 4•1 0001 0000 i•2 •21 0•4 6s• s6• 4•
•633 • •22 3322 4212 •33 •0S S131 0•0 •00 1132 •S1 0• 633• 68• •SS 23• 3221 •S1 3201 1332 12• •31 0000 2210 •2 •1 0•S 8•4 •S
4744 12• S322 •2 •1 1333 •12 32•! •01 0000 •3• •$ 0144 66• S6• ,9 io 11 1• i3 i4 is
2iss isi2 22i2 33i2 2• s•o o•i •ooo'oo• o•o oooo ooo0 Ooo2 søio o•s sizz is• 33i2 sizs 3sii 22o oon oiz3•oii2 mss iooo oooi ni2 • 3• 4is2 ii• 3•o ins 3•2 2000 ooio oooi •oo ooil noo oioi oon i•i 2i• si2z iii3 •oi iiss 2•i sioo o•i oon oooo ii2z oioo oooo oon 2oio izzz si• iz• 2•oo 2is2 •i iooo oon oooo OOli i22i noi oooo Oil2 io•i 22• 2i22 • moo • 2• •0 oon •i o•i 1331 1000 •20 0012 •1 21is
3•3 1312 2111 3122 2212 3120 0111 0010 0010 Qlll 11•,•,0 • 0111 •022 11•42•
2013 !2• 00• •2 1312 32•31 1122 1• •11'0 0•1 1120 0•43• 21• 6522 Sl12 3210 1122 1233 s321 s223 •33 s•2 2112 • 1•2•3,2•3 s• s• 5•45 S•l 1221 1111 1122 2•1 2• • • 1212 2121 0022 2132 1• • • 4431 4001 1111 1111 0122 •10 21• 2•1 22• 0111 2111 0022 21• l•S •s •s 5• • 1211 1121 1211 •21 2•3 2•2 22• 1111 2111 01•21• •s 2• •lS 4•
•02 •1 1112 •32 •12 3•3 1213 •32 10• •1 0012 sss1 1333 45• 2202
3113 2210 1•2 01• •21 1123 • • 2112 2210 0112 2111 1•4 2• • • 2,6 27 • 29 ,,,E, 3!
•46 72• 2•6 7533 4477 7431 2•5 7331 21• 1•1 2000 0010 •00 00• 5•s 4•5 •33 5•5 4•3 • •33 •2 2221 1• 4111 o• 1211 10•
6• 5• 4• • 5• 4•3 3•s 4• $•l 12• 4•01 00• 12oo 0001 •4 • • •34s • • 3• •42 siso iEi SOlO oon i2• ooio
•4•3• • 5• •S 3•4 •21 •10 0211 2110 0000 12• 0•1 •u•s3 5•s s• •5z • 4• s• •43i,iin i4• 2oio isio iioo nio •a:• •2ss•,.• 4•• ••i•2i2i ,,•i•L,,pii!. oo• ilOO oooi
311
312 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOH•¾S•F03V [VOL. 45, No. 3] Table 1--Three-hour-range indices, K, July •9•8 to December l$39--con•lnued
November 1938
$• oooo sno ooo• •o Ooo• oon •oo'• oo•o o•o mo ohs • o0• •o•o
•u •xo• mx •oo• •n :ooo• om n• mo •ooo noo •ox mo o• •o•
Sl •57 6633 •11 1010 0000 121'0 00• 00• 0010 • • • 2101 0012 0012 N1 5S• 4•4 4•Z 1012 1112 21• •111 0000 2111 1•0 1001 Z• S211 1014 cn s4• • sz• •on •0 •n• 0000 •00 z• •0 •0 z• sz• 0• n• 22• • • 44• 4221 1011 0110 1111 1•0 00• 1000 • 2101 1• •110 0123 1121 11•
H• 4• 5533 Sl• S•I 10• 3•1 2101 1210 2•2 2100 1001 •2 2000 S232 0122 44•
, !7 18, 19 20 21 • 23 S1 1214 •'6• 21• 4121 1114 2011 0233 •10 00• 5• 2•3 3211 1252 4422 N1 •1• 5655 • 3143 32• 2• 2112 3332 11• • •33 •2 3• 3• • Ch • 54• 2•3 3122 32• 1011 11• 2•2 21• •43 •42 •12 2•2 32• •3 Tu 2• • •33 3•2 211• 1111 1• 2122'11• 45• 3•2 3•1 2• • •2 • • 5•4 2• 3211 21• 1121 1122 21• 21• 44• 2422 •21 11•2 • 2• •4• Hu •3 7644 1213 4331 1011 3•1 1122 •32 1124 56• •12 3•2 11• • Wa • • 22• 3•1 2123 1211 11• 3112 2•3 4433 •21 3• 11• 2312 12•
.........
• 26 27 28 29 30
S'{' '•4 •n • • • •'m o• •"•' om oon •ooo oo•o N1 3•2 • 3•4 3433 •23 •12 01• •11 3221 1213 3011 0110 • 43• 3321 4354 •2 3212 2111 1121 1121 2210 1112 2001 1000
T• 33• •22 4443 3• 3312 2111 •2 12• 2•I 0112 2011 0100
HU 3112 •31 2223 4442 •12 3•2 01• 3• 1010 •21 1012 2330
December 1938
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sl 0000 0010 • 5444 4444 4443 2200 0010 OS1S 5201 1133 0011 1000 1210 0000 000( N1 0001 0011 1102 3465 5422 3453 4321 0131 2213 3301 2212 2133 1101 13•0 1001 011( Ch 0000 0011 2112 3334 5444 3344 3411 0121 1223 •200 2132 1221 2101 1141 1100 011] TU 0001 0011 2113 4454 4243 4353 4211 0122 1222 S121 1222 1122 1100 00•1 1000 000] SJ 0001 0111 2101 3464 4332 3353 3211 0112 1213 3211 1211 1211 1100 00•1 1000 111( Hu 0000 2232 2112 4544 3222 4554•3212 2331 1203 4521 1022 3432 1001 22•2 1000 132( •a 1010 0021 2213 3235 3332 2444 3323 1121 0212 3211 2211 1112 1100 1121 1001 011{
9 10 • 11 12 13 14 15, 16 -- Sl 0112 2222 2125 7754 2212 1221 1152 4110 1123 3131 1102 2232 1030 20001032 N1 1312 1433•22233654 •233 1212 2223 3211 2222 2242 2213 2.343 1211 11221223 346/ Ch 1123 222.3 2223 4544 2223 1222 2222 3222 2212 2232 2212 1122 2.321 1111 11•3 3444 TU 1212 1333 3223 4544 2222 1123 2331 3121 2211 2122 2212 1232 2231 1012 0233 3544 SJ 1212 2223 3223 4454 2222 1222 2231 2223 1212 2232 2112 1233 2231 1111 12.33 Hu 1312 2423 3212 4754 2223 3431 1222 4431 1112 3432 2202 3432 1222 33•2 0123 4•64 Wa .!,• 22 1222 2223 4554 3233 1312 2222 2212 2222 2242 2122 _•9_-1 2111 1101 0133 34.5•
"SX 3455 4443 334• e753 1455 6542 •33 53s• 103s sno 236? 6320 ozol 30oo 102i ooi'0 Ni 4443 3444 5234 5553 2223 3444'4312 2344 1123 3121 3444 2232 3111 3013 1111 •0•1 ch s444 443s $3,54 5443 3443 34•533m 2334 1233 3112 ssss 4•2 3300 ion 2mo 0011 ru s443 4444 4344 5533 3443 •23 333• 243• 1232 3m3 3455 4• 2:too in1 11• 0011 ss 3,333 4•33 4z.• 5r•4 3332 34es 3322 2333 • 2221 2334 4321 z•00 1210 1011 1110 •u 4223 4553 3134 45S3 3221 4442 2211 2451 11•3 3332 •4 3433 1100 •! 1010 •a 4543 • 3323 5542 3332.•..•223•.• 1233 3!12 2•5 3222 •tl •0.• 1111
a5 2•,,, 27,, 2s 29, so ..... 31 - s• oo13 oooo 0ooo OOlO oooo oon lO02 22i0 oo,• 0000 oooo 22n oooo oooo ................ Nt 2001 2200 llO0 0010 0000 0012 2102 2212 0112 1012 2101 132I 2011 0002 ch 1001 2000 looo 0000 0000 oool 1101 s222 on2 0o02 noo onl lOlO 0000 T• 1001 noo looo oooo looo 0001 no1 222s 0022 lOOO 1000 1221 1on oool sJ 1000 2000 1000 0100 lOOO on1 2101 2222 !O12 100! 1001 0221 1011 0001 • 1000 2221 0000 0210 1000 1222 10024323 lO12 3211 0000 3332 0011 22•1 •a !,OOO •010 I010 0000,,,•100 0101 1102 3222 1122 1001 1100 1222 1021 !9,•1 ,
THREE-HOUR-RAA"GE INDICES, !938 AND 1939 313
Table 1--Three-hour-range indices, K, July 1938 to December 1939--continued January lg3g
--- I 2 3 4 "• S ' 7 '"8 "' 5! 0012 0000 0112 2100 "0012 2000 0000 OO10 0212 22210003 1222 1104 2211 i202 112! NlllO1 1201 0112 2211 2111 2111 0111 0122 2313 3234 3211 2343,2213 3233 $312 224: chi0120 1000 on2 2020 1110 0100 0000 0012 1312 3222 1101 2222 2012 0222 3311 103: TulOO20 I000 1012 2121 1121 0100 0100 0112 1422 32.22 1102 2212 1112 1225 3311 112: sJ 112o n00 1112 2121 111o nlo o11o 0122 1322 3322 11o2 1222 1111 1•32 321! 112: •ul1111 2210 1012 1322 2111 1211 0110 0232 1422 4542 0101 2332 1012 2433 3200 •a•0121 2100 2123,,1122 2221 1110 0110 0111 1322 2,22s 2122 12! 2 3223 1123 3312 122]
8 •9 11 12 1• !4 lS le s-•-0•3 3111 1213 4221 1003 2122 z130 2210 0000 no0 •104 43o2 0i33 •21u 0011
Hu 20•1 2553 1102 3334 1112 2333 0100 2221 1001 3210 2212 5412 2211 2330 0001 3342
•7 18 1• •0 2! 22 23 24 $1 2335 $121 2240 0101 0020 2011 1234 0021 1122 4431 0021 1132 2333 4320 0232 2002 •! 5412 3223 $111 1103 1112 1113 3332 1232 3112 4451 1211 2145 3313 3322 1211 200• Ch 4333 2132 2330 1002 1210 0023 2332 0122 2112 3231 1221 2244 2434 2110 0432 1011 Tu 5•23 •222 2331 0201 1221 0023 3332 0122 2211 3432 1232 2244 2233 3110 04310001 SJ 4322 3332 2311 1211 2211 0123 3221 1232 2111 3331 1222 2243 2322 3120 1321 100• 1/u :•13 3.•2 2210 1311 1100 1232 2111 2342 2111 4443 2111 3453 2221 3332 1331 2112 Wa.•_•2 •222 2221 1101 2111 1023 3332 0222 2122 3341 2221 2123 2322 3110 1321 1011
2• 26 27 28 29 .... 30 31 s• 0231 2010 0000 20o0 0000 0000 0000 1220 looo 0000 0001 0110 0113 looo N• 3112 loll 0002 lOO0 0001 0000 0000 1233 4201 000• 2112 2010 O202 1101 ½• a•21 0001 0000 0000 OO00 0000 0100 O222 200O 0000 0100 •012 lS03 1On Tu 2•1 0001 •000 0000 0001 0000 0000 1323 2100 0000 0211 0011 2103 2011 SJ 2221 0111 I000 0000 0001 0000 0100 1312 •3101 0000 0111 0021 1112 2201 ltu 1211 2222 1000 0100 0000 0100 0100 1432 12111 1010 0111 2311 2102 3322 Wa 23_• 1001 0100 0000 0000 0000 000! 121!'2100 0000 0211 00! 1 0112,,2100
February lg3g
1 2 3 4 5' 6 • ,8 Sl 1002 4333 3231 223• 1223 3222 1225 4000 1123 3133 2447 7655 4535 6321 0000 1•2• N1 2112 2354 4312 2354 2312 1234 3313 2121 2113 2244 3334 5555 3522 3352 2101 2124 Ch2011 3,344 •5231 2334 1322 1123 3133 1010 0335 2243 3445 4445 4334 3122 2000 1012 Tu2111 344413321 2334 2322 2133 2222 1021 1223 22•3 3454 5534 343442321101 1013 SJ 2012 3455 5331 2334 2221 2232 2212 !101 0111 2233 2334 4534 2222 3231 1002 2223 •u 2111 354,3 4322 4454 2111 3342 2122 2322 1122 3•5_3 3324 5553 2222 3333 1101 2312 Wa 2111 3343 4331 ,2353 2222 3123 3224 2011 1113 2233 3447 7655 4324 •331 2001, 1132
g 10 11 12 13 14 15,,, le $1 2004 4232 2313 3432 23•5 4000 0000 1200 0000 1122 1033 3121 1123 2321 1352 4321 N1 1102 2254 4311 3443,5522 1120 1000 1100 0000 0124 111! 2231 4322 3322 1322 4424 Ch 1103 1233 3312 2222 5533 1000 0000 0000 0000 0022 2131 22•2 3332 4222 3432 Tu 1113 22• 2322 3433•5432 2000 1000 0000 0100 01•2 2131 2222 233• 3222 3442 42•2 SJ 1113 2323 3311 3422 3322 1000 1000 0100 0000 1132 2221 2221 3322 33222332 3323 Eu 0213 3422 2212 3552 3221 2100 001! 1210 •000 1332 2111 3432 •222 5543 3•21 4532 •a 1113,1232 3212 3422 4332 1010 0100 1100 0000 0132'2231 •121 2232 3312 2332 $323
17 !8, 19 20 21, 22 23 24 Si n34 •421 203s 2221 2133 3120 0000 2310 0200 00•0 6022 1020 0000 20•0 1323 5765 NS 2322 3553 3232 3324 2323 3242 2301 0422 1100 0000 0011 1121 4201 2124i2323 3567 Ch 1343 3232 3O42 1323 2• 3232 2300 1210 1200 0000 0011 n21 2100 2122•3321 LeSS •u 1233 32• 3232 2224 23• 3133 2200 0221 X20X 0000 0011 1121 S2n 2122 3422 sees SJ 1233 •232 2132 2333 232S 3232 2200 1221 1101 0000 001! 111i 2111 2212 3322 S577 .u 2121 4442 1121 s432 1112 s231 2201 23201101 0100 1011 2321 22n 3332 s3n 457s ua 1324 4322 3122 2312 2322 4222 2300 ls0• 1200 0000 0011 !110 2100,2112 2333 3577
25 , 26 27 23 .... gl 7488 7533 zooo 0111 0000 3210 01•2421 Ni 6553 66e5 11ol n14 111o 2111 1212 243s cn eeee 443s 1100 0012 0000 2100 1221 2323 Tu 7556 4334 lno 0123 1100 2010 1122 2433 sJ 7554 e433 2111 1112 000• 2100 1221 !323 •u 5344 4543 1101 1212 0101 4210 122! 3432 •a 75e4 654311n 1112 0101 2100 1221 233s
314 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND t-I. F. JOHNSTON trot.. 45, No. 31
Table 1--Three-hour-range indices, K, July 1938 to December 1939--continued March 1939
$i 0125 5443 4545 3121 1324 5423 3464 5433 2124 2222!2345 4222 2102 1011 1355 212i Ni 4222 3435 5434 3123 3334 3435 5523 4354 3213 2344 2222 344.3 3312 2111 S422 2242 Ch 3234 3424 5533 2122 2433 4324 6433 3324 3123 2333 S234 $233 3200 1112 3433 113) Tu 2234 3425 5533 3122 2433 $233 5443 3443 322.3 223.3 2344 3233 4211 1111 2433 112• SJ 3234 3334 5333 2222 2223 3333 5433 4233 3222 2233 2333 3333 2201 1121 3322 1332
Hu 2223 6543 5533 4332 1211 4532 43323333 3121 3433 2122 33322111 2311 3332 2332
Ha 2233 4434 5533 4212 2443,3334 5433 ,5343 2223..3223 .3333 3423 2201 1212 3433 2142 9 lO n 12. 13 14 ,1,$,,, 16
S1 2254 3222 2100 4322 0044 3221 2333 2322 0044 SlO0 0015 4211 0134 3432 2255 4232 N1 2343 2241 3212 3213 1122 2523 4223 2343 2012 2101 1113 2213 1223 2432 4423 4444 CA 2353 2331 3121 2224 1133 3434 33332333 3134 2101 02232222 0333 3333 5545 3334 Tu 2453 2322 4211 2233 2133 2323 3232 2343 3123 2101 1224 3221 0243 3432 4444 324• SJ 3443 3,332 4211 2233 1133 3323 3321 2333 2113 2101 1223 2222 1233 3432 3223 32,3.• Hu 3331 3531 3211 3432 2122 4532 2222454212112 3211 1112 3321 0232 4542 3223 4442
•_a 2444 2232 3212 3323 1133 2334 2322 1333 2124 210, ! .0,223 3321 0333 2532 3434 4323 17 ,, 18 !9 .... 20 21 22 23 24 L,
SI 2451 2320 0023 1000 0010 0021 2201 0100 0156 4241 2457 5322 3335 4523 2142 4211 N1 4321 2341 3113 1101 0101 1132 4412 1311 0244 2341 3434 3544 4323 2345 2222 4224 ½h 4450 2231 2112 1100 1000 0132 5411 1211 0355 3352 3433 4443 5323 s333 3332 2223 Tu 3340 2232 1222 1110 0100 0132 4322 1311 1345 3253 3343 4333 4423 3344 23332123 SJ 3330 2232 2112 2100 0100 0032 4222 1211 1233 3453 3333 4433 4422 4343 3332 2223 Hu 3220 3431 1112 2210 2111 1232 4211 2411 1234 3463 3223 4433 3311 2332 1211 3332
• •34! 2221 1221 1000 1110 0032 3211 1210 1245 4352 S344 3533 4223 4533 23224112 25 26 27 28 29 30 3I -
•l 1132 1011 2233 2122 3325 1243 S356 6765 5677 6544 4455 4333 3324 3433 NI 2212 2114 4321 2344 5322 1365 43235656 5545 5565 4323 3566 5323 3334 Ch 1321 10234233 1033 5424 1244 4332 4456 5755 4445 5442 2244 5423 2334 Tu 2331 1013 2232 1333,5524 1455 4433 4554 4644 4334 4542 2353 3432 2234
SJ 2211 1211 3323 1233 2323 3455 4433 4565 4543 3454 4332 2354 4423 3233 Hu 2221 2111 2222 23323312 2464 3423 5664 4434 5643 3321 3443 3321 3433 •a 1212 1212 3223 2243 4323 125513433 5655 4545 5544!3334 3533 3323 3323
April 1939 ,,,
1 23122 S 24 335354121 6 7 8 Sl 3344 4233 S413 2353 4121 234 1143 0341 11!0 0000 0110 1222 S142 N! 3422 3554 4322 2545 2233 3343 3312 1344 3423 4221 1222 2110 1112 231] 1212 2344 Ch 4433 2334 S312 2234 2343 • 4341 2144 5433 2122 0341 2121 1121 1221 1220 115• Tu 4433 2244 3412 2333 3342 2333 S341 2254 3433 S232 1332 1110 1111 1322 1322 224• SJ 4323 3343 2322 3333 2233 3233 4322 2354 4333 3222 1222 1121 1111 2211 1322 2242 Rlt S222 3433 S322 3433 2222 2442 3321 2353 S232 4332 0221 2122 1111 1321 1210 2354 •a 3432 5433 3423 4324 22.34 2233 2132 1163 3322 4221 1231 1110 1111 1201 1222 2332
9 lO 1• 12 !$ •4, •5 I6 S 1 • 323s 3455 7344 4247 333s 3564 5123 2152 2120 2113 2132 0023 1110 0021 100• N1 3212 3353 6332 4455 4334 3554 33.33 3123 3122 S222 2322 2322 1211 2111 1100 Oils Ch 3222 3334 6443 5356 6334 3344 4532 2132 S241 2122 3111 2233 1122 1011 0120 Tu S212 33334443 3455 4234 3443 3433 2223• 23222222 2333 2221 1011 0010 0114 SJ 2232 2323 4432 4244 S223 3433 4332 31322222 2232 2212 $3322111 1121 1010 OOOS Hu 31224542 3322 3454 3223 3443 3322 2222 2121 2231 111I 3341 1110 2221 1010 OiOS
Ma2•,•22Z32 4444 4,• 4334 3433 2332 4112 1242 222,• 2222 2321 1221 2210 01!0000S 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Si 5898 8945 •i75 7553 4SSS 6643 4364 5332 3454 5443 4201 '4442 3777 7754 3223 1676 N1 5665 6665 2243 5555 434.3 5654 4332 3433 4322 3433'4301 $554 3675 5653 3112 2686 Ch 5796 6666 2253 5445 4442 5543 5444 SSSS 3333 2433 4102 2243 S676 5654 3212 0797 Tu 6776 5545 2244 4553 4353 4434 3343 SSSS SS4$ S553 4311 S332 4665 4654 3223 1686 SJ 3576 6534 2234 SSSS 4SSS 4354 4332 3233 3232 3323 3211 2332 4665 4432 3212 2485 Hu 5653 7756 2222 4553 3SSS 5563 3321 3432 3132 2642 3312 S342 S.564 5542 2102 2694
Ha 6767 7745 2253 5544 3443 5454 3323 3432 3334 4332 4310 S433 3564 5553 3223 1677 25 26 27 28 29
• •466 e.•3 4200 0200 lO22 0104,3443 312• 2334 3233 lOOO •1 " •l 7543 5544 3210 1211 0001 1205 4322 2333 1333 1332 2010 2341 Ch 7654 5344 4200 0001 0021 1105 4321 2133,2323 2333 2000 1231 TU 6544 4444 3200 1201 1021 0205 3331 2123!2233 2323 2000 2221 SJ 7433 4332 3210 1101 1011 0104 2321 213312322 2223 2111 2221 HU 5533 5533 3101 2310 1011 0204 13223422 1212 3542'2100 1332
•a 6445 4544 321• 1201 111•,0204 4432 3212 2332,,3232 1011 2241
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 315
Table 1--Three-hour-•ar•e indices, K, July 193• to December 1959--contlnued May 1939
-- i 2 3 ..... 4 5 6 7 ,., S•l 2036 8556 6687 6533 4465 3333 3222 02•1 33•4 2244 4334 6545 7677 5534 5465 643; N! 2135 5455'5444 4434 5323 3432 2213 1221 2212 3365 4334 5545 6544 3333 5444 434: Ch 2135 645616564 3344 4344 2243 3222 1221 2343 2364 3334 5446 5555 4234 6454 434• Tu 2134 553415563 4433 4334 3223 2322 1221 2344 2255 3333 4444 5443 3424 5454 433• SJ 2135 445415453 3454 3233 2233 2212 1221 2322 2254 3333 5434 4453 3233 5333 323• Hu 2012 5653! 5453 4443 3222 3342 1201 1211 2221 3353 3222 5644 4443 3433 5332 543• Wa 1!34 5365 3564 4333 3343 2233 .2212 1221 12•3 2354 4,334 5544 6545 ,.5433 4544 423•
9 10 11 12 13 .... !4 1• ,,,36 •{4546 4322!2211 1311 2214 3010 0222 2012 0231 31•2 1010 2111 1244 41il 4568 212: Ni 3533 3422!2222 2421 1113 3110 1112 32210222 3222 1121 1222 2221 2323 4422 2225 Ch 56•4 3322,3211 2322 2213 0011 1231 1112 0132 2213 0220 n22 3333 2223 4564 213•
SJ 4432 3322 3221 1S22 2213 3110 1221 2212 1122 3322 1211 1222 2333 3233 4443 3225 HU 3322 3321 1221 2421 1102 2110 1121 1121 1010 2211 0110 1321 1131 2432 4433 323] W• 3534 3322 2221 1211 1213 3110 1112 3212 1222 $32•,,,!!21 22•1 2232 3211 4434 221]
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 •l 2211 3223 2312 3312 3552 0'i21 4554 2322 1222 4444 4467.3423 4565 3335 5541 N1 2222 2343 3312 2313 3321 1234 3422 3212 2113 3444 4343 3316 3322 2455 5422 $44• ½h 2222 1244 $211 2223 3450 0123 5553 2222 2223 3344 6544 3335 4453 2345 5521 324• TU 2322 2343 4321 2213 2441 0223 3553 2333 2233 3344 5454 2235 3453 S334 3432 2344 SJ 2222 1233 3212 2222 3420 1223 S443 2212 2222 3343 4343 3334 3443 3444 4323 434• •U 1121 2343 3221 3422 2431 1322 3332 3312 2222 4554 4333 3432 3443 3443 3211S45• •,2222 2332 2512 2312 2331 1233 3323 12!2 2122 3433 $444 3434 3343 3334 5432 2434
25 26 27 28 29 30 S1 S! 45•73434 4554 3422 3312 1023 64444113 4585 7332 1213 3100 1331 0012 N! 4423 3545 4322 3433 3311 2235 4343 2224 4454 5444 1113 2111 2211 0123 Chi5433 2444 5443 2323 3322 1044 6433 1224 4553 3343 1122 0112 2221 0023 ?G14433 S554 4442 2432 S312 1144 5443 2234 4453 4444 2222 1322 2331 0012
HSJuS333 2344 S221 2332 3312 1144 4432 22.23 4454 4322 2111 2221 2221 1112 3321 S343 3223 3422 2321 2233 4332 2323 4353 454211012 1211 1121 111! •a 3432 $443 3333 3432 3312 2223 4433 3223 4443 4332 1212 2101 2221 0012 ,,
June 1939 ,,
--' 1 2 S 4 5 , 6 7 8 S! 2211 3433 5534 3433 2346 6232 S442 4221 2232 2212 2311 0111 1010 2100 2110 211½ Ni S211 5532 4422 4433 3324 3322 4333 4422 2333 4312 1221 2221 2112 2210 2201 222] Ch 1222 4443 3434 3434 3333 S333 3433 4333 3442 3323 23•1 0123 1011 0101 2211 212] Tu 2222 4533 3443 3324 3332 2333 3432 3322 2342 3222 2322 1112 1121 1221 1211 111] SJ 2222 3332 3333 3323 2323 4332 2322 3222 2332 3212 2212 2212 1212 1211 1211 112] Hu 1112 5542 3322 4543 2222 3432 3322 4432 2222 3421 1211 1321 1112 1221 !!11 222]
W• 2211 2431 3433 3323 3344 3322 3432 3322 3332 2321 1231 2211 2221 1110 1221 111½ 9 10 11 •2 •3 •4 15
SI 0102 1002 2301 2000 0113 1111 2232 2001 2221 2334 5669 5434 3333 3212 4588 N1 1101 2102 3412 3211 2112 2122 2201 1112 3312 4444 5555 4333 2312 33234544 332• Ch 0211 00033322 2001 OllS 2122 1121 1002 3322 2344 5555 4444 3321 2223 4466 3222 TU 1111 1112 3222 3211 1122 2212'1231 2101 3323 2434 6566 5433 SSS2 1223 4355 3422 SJ 0•1! 1001 2212 3201 1111 2112 1121 11!1 2323 2334 5443 3334 2321 2222 3346 3222 Eu 1011 2111 2111 3301 1112 2122•1121 1101 2322 2443 5444 4533 2322 3322 3323 4431 •a 0110 1001 2222 2211 1222 2112.1221 1101 2232 1333 4465 3433 2322 3323 4346 3321
17 18 19 20 21 2,2 23 24 •l 0000 0023 3466 5423 4454 3423 4443 4222 4454 3332 3444 1122 3433 3132 3322 1222 N1 1211 1123 3322 4434 3422 4324 4322 4222 3322 S443 2322 2223 3223 2233 3312 Ch 1000 0124 3434 2234 3343 3334 4333 2223 4453 2243 4432 1223 4423 2333 4321 1123 TU 1110 0123 4433 3332 2322 3234 5323 2223 4352 S354 3442 1232 3433 2222 3322 2233 SJ 0001 1123 3433 3123 3432 3333 4322 2332 3333 2253 3332 2222 3322 2222 4322 2221 HU 001! 1222 3422 4332 3332 3433 4322 4431 3332 3342 3332 2221 3322 3332 3321 3221
•a 1150 1122 3333 3343 3443 4423 4443 S221 3334 3333 2332,.232• 3332 3222 3321 22!1 25 26 27 .28 29 30
•'•'"'2120 11! 1 2312 !i33 3444 4312 1214 4333 3544 5422 3344 2223 " Nl'1211 2212 2322 1254 3325 3312 1222 3434 3433 4421 4323 3323
Ch'2210 1023 3332 1255 3344 3323 1212 S453 3643 3433 4334 2224
•u 2220 1121 2332 2245 3443 3333 2322 3345 4543 4432 4334 2223 SJ2111 2112 SS3S 2243'3333 3221 1212 3334 3433 3422 $223 3222
•u 2111 3221 2222 23552333 3321 1212 4543 3333 4521 2212 2332
•a 122! 2112 2332 2233 3344 3322 1223 3334 3533 4422 3334 3223
316 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOHNSTON [Vot.. 45, No. al
Table 1--Three-hour-range indices, K, July 1•38 to December 1939--continued July 1939
24•3212 2 3 332343458 5 6 ' 7 8 .... si • 3342 3122 4447 8643 $70, 0854 5555 lOOl lOOO 2OlO•1OOO
TU S345 • 1• 22• 3•5 4•3 34•2 •$6 $466 4555 4434 0011 10• 00!0 1100 1132 • •25 •22 lS22 2122 •5 5•S S•I 5458 5454 5453 •22 1101 1000 1011 1101 0112 .u n• s• • •'s• es43 2522 sses s•43 e7ss
W8,,• •22 2•2 2•2 3•5 5553 2322 3•54 5555 4844 33• 11• 1000 1110 10• 0211 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Sl •000 0000 RlO0 0110'000• •1 010• •4•E EllO 1031 •557 4SA3 3355 4•1• 4•44 444• NI 3102 2101 2110 1110 0112 •41 1113 5533 1211 0122 2•4 5525 3222 2323 2333 4554 •30• 0110 2110 1011 0•2 5•2 2122 44• 3•0 1123 2•5 44• 4343 2232 43• 2•4 •20• 0110 1010 0010 0014 4332 2112 3323 1120 1122 3•4 4434 4342 2222 2344 2443 • 10• 0100 2110 0010 •02 4•2 1112 3432 1112 1122 3•5 43• 4222 2222 2323 2243
•U 10ql •00 10• 0110 0003 5541 0002 5641 0100 1231 1•4 6531 2221 3331 2212 3542 Wa 10• 0100 2110 0010 011• 4231 0112 3321 1•21 1121 1244 4323 2333 3112 2332 3253
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 •4 S1 3453 2322 3•3 2211 2333 10• 3658 85• 3208 8523 4535 6322 4331 1210 2121 41• NI 5352 • 3212 23• 2211 • 5533 55• 22• 7522 •24 3424 4222 2321 2222 3332 Ch 44• 33• 3332 2332 3242 1!• 4554 44•,3•4 • 5523 •23 4332 1231 2231 •33 Tu • • 3432 22• • 1225 4•4 4455 3304 6433 5533 3223 43• 2221 3231 2333 • 4•2 •23 • 2322 32• 12• 3454 43• 2304 5•3 4423 3333 4•2 2211 2221 2122 Hu •2 4322 2211 2•1 2121 • 2442 65• 33• 7423 3422 •21 3212 3410 2120 3332
Wa 4•53 • 3•2 24• 2221 23• 4654 5•4 •3•5 5423 •33 3232 3222 2211 2221 323.• • 26 27 28 29 30 , 31
S1 2564 2110 0586 6433,3•2 •2 "1133 21•'i 2123 1'110 1320 0100 1130 1022 N1 2•2 2•1 1443 45• 3• •14 22• •22 1212 •21 1212 1200 2211 11•
Ch •53 2212 •65 3•4•42 • 2131 1233 1222 1231 1311 0110 0230 1233
Tu •43 2221 15• 3• 2332 22• 1132 12• 1•3 1221 1310 0211 1131 1122 • 2• 1211 1•3 3333 2•2 2223 22• 12• 1211 1121 1311 0211 1221 1111 Hu •1 2•1 1•3 3543 1321 3•2 1020 2331 0201 2220 12• 13• 0130 1221 Wa •43 2210 1655 4•3 2332 •3 22• 2212 12• 2221 1322 0210 1221 ltll
,,
A•gust 1939
1 2 $ 4 5 8 7 ,. 8 sl 2321 lOlO OhO oooo oooo oooo no1 2011 OOOl 0000 0000 0000 loll lllO lOO0 013( N1 2211 21n n10 0000 OOOl 1111 0201 2212 0111 1112 1111 12n lOO1 2no 1101 133:
ch 2310 0122 o010 0010 0000 1011 0101 20n 1101 o223 1100 0011 1010 nn 20oo 013: Tu 2321 lnl 0110 OlOO 0000 0011 OOlO 2111 01010111 OOlO 0111 loll 1100 1000 022]
S• 2311 1111 O010 0000 0000 0000 0101 1211 11110111 IOO0 0111 1010 1100 lOO0 122] HU 2200 1220 0010 0000 0000 2210 0001 3210 0101 2221 0101 1200 1011 3220 1000 132½ Na 2211 11100110 0000 0000 0001 0101 1100 0111 1111 1000 0100 1001 1100 1001 021œ
9 lO 11 12 13 14 lS 18
S1 0001 0000 0116 2222 1210 2324 6896 5445 77'•4 4532 3433 2110 0000 0211 1233 5744 N1 0112 1011 0214 3432 2211 3435 5665 4445 5433 S433 2322 1211 1111 1322 1213 6745 Ch 0001 0011 0225 S233 2110 2336 6876 3445 5543 3334 4331 1111 1010 0312 1343 565•
Tu 0101 0001 0223 3223 2110 3335 7765 4433 3432 2232 2221 1111 1011 1212 1343 6644 SJ 0100 0110 0223 3333 2210 2225 6754 4335 5422 2333 2332 2110 0010 1312 1SSS 4444
Hu 0000 1110 0123 4422 1100 3444 6653 4434 4422 3332 2.322 2220 0000 2421 1323 5254 NA OllO 0010 0125 2332 1120 2224 6766 5335 5433 2422 2422 2111 1111 1211 1224 5644
S1 4553 4321 2101 2211 1121 2321 1210 1021 1003 3113 8859 8777 6879 8532 22•3 3321 NI 4322 3321 1202 2322 1222 2521 1221 2222 1102 2224 5744 6677 6645 5344 4222 3213 Ch 4533 2221 2101 1122 0131 2311 2221 2233 2112 2124 6644 6667 7665 5333 4154 3222
Tu 5543 2221 2100 0122 0133 3411 2321 2222 2212 1224 7645 6535 5658 5323 4244 3222 SJ 4422 2322 2101 1222 0133 3321 1231 2222 1112 2223 6544 6655 6445 4323 3233 3222
Hu 4322 3320 1000 1111 1021 3510 1221 3431 1101 2333 6533 7654 4444 4432 2131 3320 Wa 4433 2222 1111 1212 1132 3421 1231 2121 1212 2112 6545 7655 6555 5443 2233 4322
.....
• 2'223 3111 1023311'i 2103 321'• 0014 2111 1112 1000 0112 3221 0000 0011 N1 4312 1222 1112 2122 2212 2233,1101 1211 4101 0110 0001 2322 0001 1221 CHS422 0113 1112 3012 $201 2123 1013 2012 3202 0010 0011 2232 0000 0122
Tu3313 1112 1122 2222 S312 2323 1012 1101 2202 0010 0001 2222 1000 1232
SJ 2212 1111 1113 1221 2112 1122 1012 2111 2101 0100 0012 2232 1000 1321
Hu 1201 2210 1101 1210 2200 3322 1001 2220 2101 11•0 0001 3531 0001 2430 Ma 3322 2222 0112 2121 1121 2121 OllS ,2!11 ,•,• 1010 0•.•,2 2321 0,000 1211 ,,,
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 ,4. ND 1939 317
Table 1--Three-hour-range lndlces, K, July 1938 to December 1939--continued September 1939
.... I 2 .... 3' 4 ' 5 6, 7, 8 •lOOO0 0010 •000 1'223 7744 2333 2101 1010 000• 0001 113100S• 3223 2011 11•3 0105 .i:oln 1210 1213 2225 s•5 3434 3312 3210 on1 0023 sn2 2224 2211 2211 nI3 ½h!0011 0001 1210 1236 6644 2244 2200 0110 1100 0112 2131 0043 3312 1012 2113 0005 Tu'1010 1210 1211 1225 7645 2334 3311 nlo 0100 on2 3131 014_2 3222 lX21 in2 I21• SJ 0011 0000 1210 1125 6444 2334 3212 1110 0100 0012 2122 0132 222• 1112 1213 100] EU 0001 1310 1111 233• 6444 S543 3212 2310 0100 0121 2111 12•1 1211 2321 1101 0S2! •a 0100 1200 1221 1224 64•.•4 2,334 3212 1110 0110 0021 2211 12•S 2221 1112 1212.1212
9 !o 1! 12 ,,,1s 14 15 16 Si 3,•66 6333 3541 •$21 3230 2122 4342 1223 2002 1011 2203 Sill 1000 1012 2000 Sill NI 4342 S343 322,2 4342 3221 2111.3332 2224 2103 2113 3222 2323 2112 2114 3211 2231 ½h 44,54 3334 4531 2332 3230 1122 4332 2133 2002 ISIS 4302 2232 2100 1113 2001 Tu 4453 32,34 4531 3232 3230 1212 3322 2233 2002 1•12 2302 2222 1110 0!13 3001 111• SJ 3433 S344 3322 2332 3230 1111 3222 2223 1101 1222 3302 2222 1201 1122 2101 2122 Hu 3332 3443 3421 4442 3221 2321 3222 2332 1001 24..22 3212 3322 110I 2222 2111 S322 Ma3344 4333'3332 4332 3321 2110 .S$32 2.•23 2102 2102 3123 2212 2111 1112 2211 2111
_.
17 18 19.. 20 21 22 23 24 S! 2655 $7•4 2204 1100 1257 5735 368? 533i' 2233 2112 2334 3321 0021 0011'0433 1110 N! 2433 4574 3212 2110 2323 4545 5433 S442 2222 2232 2223 1314 1013 1123 2211 2111 ½h2542 4464 3212 11003354 4444i3654 3232 3332 2132:3323 2322 1000 0012 1322 1020 Tu.3543 4543 3212 1211 3354 4434 3553 S321 S322 2222 2323 2313 1011 0112 2312 1010 SJ 3432. 3634 3222 1211 3344 43,34 4333 3222 3232 2232 2512 2322 2010 0012 2212 1011 Hu 3333 5653 S222 3310 2234 5653 3433 4441 2323 3322 2222 3432 0011 2221 2212 2220 Ma 2443 5465 3222 2210 2324 5433 4334 SS22 2332 2322 1233 2212 1111 0112 1222 1121
........... ,,
25 .26 27 28 29 SO S! 0224 3322 3535 3222 1000 bx2'i 2olo o'•1o oooo oboo ooo3 n•2 ...... N! 10iS 2233 4433 2253 1111 0143 2111 1121 0011 0101 0112 1133 Ch 0223 2124 4423 1232 1100 0032 2010 1010 0011 0110 1012 0033 Tu 0223 2324 5423 2222 1110 0221 2110 1011 0011 0110 OllS 1033 SJ'0123 2223 4322 2231 1100 0122 2000 1021 0111 0210 0112 1143 Hu 0123 2332 4312 34311111 1232 2110 2330 2022 1321 1012 1242 Wall13 2322 4323 2142 1111 1221 1121 1210 1110 0111 0113 1233
October 1939
1 2 $ 4 .... 5 6 7 8. Si 1000' 1220 001• 0112 2156 7455 7734 6221"'"i32• 5241 37'65 4232 1011 1332 2120 0031 N! Sill 2323 1121 1222 2123 5556 6632 3242 3222 2252 4622 2342 1101 3454 3311 2233 ChS200 2331 0110 1223 3234 5354 7731 333312314 2132 4654 2244 2101 3333 4210 2132 TM 3210 2331 1221 1123 3234 5554 6632 4233 3324 3242 4654 2343 2101 2333 3220 1232 S3 4210 2332 1021 2233 3234 4564 6521 3332 2213 2342 3543 2244 2102 3333 3210 2232 Hu 3213 S431 0121 3343 22,34 65646523 4431 2214 4431 3533 3442 2002 4431 2110 S342 Wa 2111 2222 1221 2222 2225 4563 6522 5332 2324 3243 3443 3432 2122 2232 2210 2•2•
........... 9 10 11 12 ..... •S 14 15 16 ......... Si 2163 7310 0000 1101 1202"1032 2000 0000 3775 3567 4687 8533 6774 3322 2354 5633 N! 4253 4242 1112 3103 3312 3144 3200 0101 5553 4676 5555 5654 6642 3653 3322 4655 Ch 3263 5221 1011 1112 2311 S043 2100 0011 5453 3467 6566 4443 7773 3332 4444 433,5 TM 2363 4221 1111 2213 3211 2133 2100 0001 5554 3566 4665 5433 6773 3432 SSSS 4433 SJ 3253 4221 1112 2223 1322 2233 2100 0111 5553 4675 6454 4443 5653 4423 3233 5534 Eu 2243 5420 1111 3321 1311 4352 2100 1221 5554 5665 S254 4543 4652 3432 3122 4643 •a 2363 5331 1221 2112 2312 2223 1000 0101 4464 3576 4556 7433 5753 4442 S332 5543
17 •8 19 20 21 22 23 24 S1 S556 5542 2356 6632 2456 3331 0034 0000 1122 5332 1000 0•21 0035 6421 1111 0110 Ni 3433 3554 4333 S554 4323 2342 3121 0110 0222 2144 2121 1143 0122 4523 4222 1111 Ch 4654 S444 5344 2333 3534 2121 2112 0010 0231 2234 1010 1032 0223 2332 Si10 0011 T• 3543 S343 4344 3333 3534 2222 2123 1010 1232 2234 2121 1123 1222. 3323 $220 0122 SJ 3432 3543 3233 4323 2424 2232 2121 1110 1232 3234 2121 1232 1222 3332 S210 0221 Hu 1323 3553 2232 3541 1323 S431 1210 1220 1231 4352 1121SSS3 OSll 2440 21!0 2221 Wa 3443 3543 3343 4433 3334 2332 1121 1110 1232 323,3 2221 1132 122• 5423 tf•. 111•
,25 26 2? 28 29 SO $ ! , S! 1121 2010.0021 0020 0000 0200 0034 4111 2312 1111 1230 3211 •132 3!10 Ni 1212 2110 1122 1143 0101 1201 0123 2123 3211 1132 3102 2233 4111 2111 Ch 1120 2010 1020 0031 1!00 1211 0012 2122 3322 1111 3100 1112 2120 1211 Tu 2110 2110 1021 0132 1110 1321 0112 2012 4322 1121 3210 1123 3121 1111 SJ 2111 2210 1111 1223 2121 2221 0122 2212 3211 3221 3211 2112 2221 2211 Hu 2100 4220 2011 1342 2012 3421 0233 4321 3211 3321 3112 2330 2211 3332 Wa 2221 3110 1122 1132 2111 221110133 3212 2221 2221 3221 321• •111 2221 , , ,
318 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND tt. F. JOHNSTON
Table 1--Three-hour-range indices, K, July 1938 to December 1939--concluded November 1939
...... • ........ 2 •[[• 3 II' [ ' 4 I 5 I ]• ....... • [ i, i• I • •l 00•4 3220 0322 2110 0023 311i 1032 1011.0014 1i00 0001 1112 1020 0210 0002 I10( N! 3111 1131 1212 1111 3111 2113•2102 1101 1012 2220 1112 1223 2212 1332 1111 201( Ch 2133 2221 0221 1010 2212 1!11 1021 0011 !113 2110 0010 1022 2111 1111 0011 202( Tu 2122 2221 1321 1010 1112 32222122 1012 2113 1220 1111 1133 2111 1112 0012 201( SJ 1122 2221 1221 2121 2212 3222 1122 2121 1112 2211 1122 1222 2112 1321 011I 212! Hu 2012 4430 1212 3220 1102 33321111 2220 1111 3320 0101 3431 1012 2330 0000 322œ
•a 2•,,I2.,,2231 ,1221 1011 1112 S222,2112 2221 •,,•13 2221 1222 1222,2221 1221 1111 212] 9 .... 10 11 12 13 ........ !• 15 1,6
Si 0121 0000 0001 0100 0001 0011 2005 4211 2567 75343444 4322 21•2 3220 0021 000 ½ Ni 1211 0211 1111 1121 2200 1243 4102 3222 3534 4454 5323 2434 2221 2432 2101 1321 Ch 0201 0000 1100 OOpO 2200 0112 3003 2112 3455 5344 6422 3223 2120 0220 1010 1000 Tu 1222 0001 0200 1000 1200 0022 3114 3212 3445 4545 4432 3314 2231 2211 1020 1101 SJ 1212 0111 0100 1100 1101 0123,3113 3223 4335 3435 3422 3323 1121 2221 !001 2211 Hu 0100 2420 0000 2320i0000 1322 3003 5431 3224 5543 3312 4533 1122 3430 0001 2211
Wa 1222 1211 ,1110 1110 121,1 0132 2123 3,312 2455 5433, 33,23,3233 2221 2321 1111 1321 ....... •?,, !8, 19 ..... 20 •1 22 23 24
S• 0021 lOlO 0032 0000 0000 2322 2212 oon 0'032 2000 0000'0000 0010 0000 0000 2i2i N1 1012 1142 1112 0111 0002 3432 3211 0122 1113 2110 0000 0002 0111 loll 1101 3234 Ch 0000 0110 0111 0011 0001 4332 4320 0011 1121 2110 0000 0000 0111 0011 0200 2223 TU 0011 0120 1212 0011 0102 2432 2221 0122 1121 2120 0100 0000 0121 1022 1210 2333
$J 1112 1221 1222 1111 1101 2422 2211 0122 1011 2110 0000 0000 0121 112211201 3333 HU 0102 2330 0211 2321 0002 5532 2100 1332 1122 3230 0000 2210 0122 333211201 4442 Wa 1011 1121 1222 0111 1113 2333 2221 1122 1.121 1210 0100 000•., ' 0122 Illl_Jllll 2223
25 26 27 28 ...... •9 30 S! 1444 3334 2435 321i"'i223 3020 0334 3000 OO1$ 2211 0122 2010 N1 3431 23•8 3323 3252 13m 1122 1211 2120 •111 1213 1211 lZ23 Ch 4443 2334 3434 21210322 1120 0412 2000 10IS 0001 1211 1111 TU,3343 3354 3433 3231 1212 1231 0322 21ll 1122 2122 1122 1112 SJ 3332 2344 3322 3222 1211 1111 0202 1220 1001 1221 2211 1212
Hu 2212 4544 2222 4331 1111 2231 0201 3321 0001 3321 1112 3322 •a 3432 3333 2243 3232 1222 1221 1222 2220 1122 1312 1221 1222
December 1939
sl 0123 2Oll 0031 '12il 1011 1012 1110 0000 0010 S4•2 2100'ii44 5476 7642 2465 Ni 2332 1132 2122 1133 1111 1124 3100 1002 2101 2443 4221 2166 $•43 8835 3432 ½h 1331 1121 1120 0122 0120 00!3 3020 0000 0000 1223 3122 10•5 6544 4433 S854 343] Tu 2333 1132 1221 0222 0222 1113 2120 1011 1111 2323 2122 2168 6884 4434 4543 444• SJ 2332 1221 1131 0212 0222 1223 3022 0111 1110 2223 $222 2263 5383 4434 S433 S452 HU 1222 2431 1021 2332 0211 1323 2020 2211 1011 3533 2011 3354 4444 4542 3222 8542
Wa 2332 2232 2221 1222 1221 1113 ,3110 1011 11!2 3332 3222 2243 5•5 • 5433 3343 353• 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
S1 2044 5320 0223 3211 1133 3110 2122 13'i'2 0212 2200 0032 1000 0321 1311 0101 011• N1 4222 3351 1112 3333 2111 2112 2101 1324 2211 2200 2000 0001 2221 2321 1101 1325 Ch 4234 3331 1322 2112 3233 1111 3221 0223 1211 1000 2020 0102 1321 1214 1200 0214 Tu 3233 3331 2212 2222 1332 2211 2111 1312,1211 1100 1010 0111 1322 1212 0010 1314 SJ 3223 4431 2213 3222 2223 2212 3211 1323 I211 1201 0010 0211 2221 1211 0112 1225 Hu 2113 4430 !10I 3322 2112 3321 2111 14320101 3210 0010 1221 1212 3431 0001 362• Wa 4333 4332 2222 3312 2132 2221 2122 2223 2222 2100 !011 1111 2222 2322 1022 2323
........
17 18 ,,, 1•, 20 ........ 21 22 23 24 S1 2021 01!0 0002 0000 0100 OOO0 0000 0010 0455 5422 2435 6531 0244 2120 1333 2212 N1 3112 1112 2000 0000 0100 0000 0000 1122 1223 4443 4222 4544 12322 2214 3222 3322 Ch 3012 0001 2100 0000 0200 0000 0000 0122 $454 3333 4433 4323 2433 0102 3343 1022 Tu 2121 0010 1100 0000 0100 0000 0000 1211 3454 4333 4423 4433 2332 1212 2221 2221 SJ 2112 1!11 2110 0000 0110 0100 0000 2222 3334 3233 4333 4322 232.3 2212 2232 S022 Hu 1012 3211 0101 0110 0000 I100'0000 2331 3333 5653 3323 5531 1212 3421 1!11 1332
Wa 2222, 3201 00!,00000 0011,,,,,•000 0000 2211 ,•244 4333 3343 4432 2332 2212 3232 3323 ,. 2• 26 .... 27 ,28 29 30 31 S! 2122 SI l0 0222 10'•0 0144 2232 1023 3121 1212 2321 1012 2201 0112 0000 M1 3201 2123 2211 1012 2213 3442 1212 2233 3213 2332 3202 2311 1200 1000, Ch322I 111! 1220 0010 2333 2232 1223 1122 3222 1121 2111 0211 0110 1000 Tu 3211 2112 1221 1011 2333 2232 1122 2132 2222 2222 2211 1221 1100 0000 SJ 1100 2111 1221 101I 2332 2322 1222 2232 2322 2321 2211 !211 0101 0100! Hu 1000 2332 0211 2232 2332 4652 1112 2443 1112 3542 1101 2311 0101 1110
•a 211• 2122 1122 2111 2343 2,343, 2223, $332 3323 3332 2222 2322 1200 0010
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 319
?able 2--Uorld-wlde magnetic three-hour-range indices, • January 1938 "1 FebruarY'" 1•938 ' ,, T- March 1938
DaY Values Kw I Sum Val•es K• Sum Values K• sU•, 1 3 2: i 2 1 x 1 x 2 2 15 x' 1 x 2 1 x 2 3 x 2 2 2 • i7 3 • 3, 3 3 4 3 3 x 3 26x 2 2 1 x 1 x 2 2' 2' 2 2 16 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 2 1 x 1' 1 x 17 2 x 1 • 2 x Z I 1 1 1' 3 3 1 1 x 1 z 2 2 Z' O' 14 3 2 • 2 • 2 x 2' 3 2 2 20 2 2 1 O' 1 1 1 1 4 2:2 2 2 x 5 4 5 3 x 26' 2 1 x 2 2 2 x S 3 2 18 O' 1 1' O' 0 • 1' 2' 3' 11' • 3 3 2' 3' O' 0 0 O' 13 2 • 2 1' 2 2' 1 • 1 0 13 2' 2 4 3 4 • 4' 4 3 6 • O' ! 2 2' 4 3 2 15 x 2 6 5' 3 3 4' 4, 3, 32 4 3 3' 2, 1, 2 2• 3 22 ? 3 2' 1 I 2' 3' 4 4 21 x 3' 3' 2' 3 4' 4 2' 2' 26 2 O' 2 2 3 2 1 8 4' 5 3 • O' 0 O' 3 18' 2 2 2' 3 3' 5' 5' 4' 28' 1 1' 1 1 0 1 0 1
9 [4 2' 2 1 1' O' 1 O' 13 3 4' 3' 4 4 4 3' 3 29' O' 1 O' O' O' • 0' 10 I 1' O' .0' 1 0 O' 0 5 4 5 5 3' 3' O' 0 2 23' 1 1 0 O' 1 0 0' ,,,
!2 • i 3 1' 1' 3 3 4 17' 1 1 3' 2' 2' 1 1 2 14 x 3 3 3 3 3 S 1 • 1 1• 5 4 x 5 3' 2, 2 • 2, 1 x 27 3 2 2' 3 2' 2, 3 3 21' 1 1 x O, • 1 1 0 x 1 14 O' 1' 3 1 3 1' 1' l' 13' 3 3' 4 • 4 x 5 4' 3 1 29 1' 3 3 2' 2' 2 2 2 15 2 2' 3 2 2 2 Z' 2' !8' 0 1 1' 1 • O' 1 ]' ? 2' 2' 2 2' 3 1' 1' 0 • 16
, ,
16 i' 1 2' 2' 2 x 3' 2' 6' 22 x 1' O' 2 1 1 0 O' 1' 8 0 0 0 1 0 O' • 1 17 5 x 5' 5 x 6 7' 6 x 4 6 46' 0 0 2 1 x 1 O' 1 1 x ?x 2 1 x 1 1 1 1' 0 18 4 3 z 3 2x 3 4 x 4 4 Z8 x 0 x 2x 2 1 x 2 2 1 1 12 x 0 x 0 0 x 0 z 0 x 0 0 x 0 2x 19 3z 3 3 • 3 x 4 3' 2 26 1 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 1 3 0 0 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 z 20 1 x 3' 3 3' 3 x 3 4 x 3 25 x 0 1 2 0 1 x 0 x 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
,
21 3 4: 5 4 x 4 x 3 x 3 4 z 32 x 1 1 1 3 0: 0 0 0 6 x 1 0: 0 1 2 x 1 x 2 4 x 22 5 x 6 z 8 9 6 x 6 x 4' 4 50 x 0 0 0 • 0 x 0 x ! 1 x 4 3 x 4 x 5 4 • 4 4 3 4 • :3 2' 2' 3 2 2 3 3 x 21 x 3 2 3' 2 x 3 3 2 x 2' 22 4' 4 4 5 2 3 4' 5 24 2' 3 3 2' 2 2 • 2' 2 20 1 2 2' 1' 2 1 1 • 2 13 • 5' 5 4' 4 2' 1' 2 2 25 3' 2 1 x 4 x 6 6 x 8 x 8 4• 1 x 0 x 2 3 x 3 3 x 3' i x 19 1 x 1 2 x 3' 3 1 • 2' 3' 19 26 7 5 x 3 x 4' 3x 4 3 1 x 32 x 1 x 1' 1 2 2 x 2 • 2 15: 5 x 2x 1 x 3x 3 3 2 27 1 O' 2' 1' 2 3 x 2 • 2 15 • 2 1' 1 1 2' 2' 2 3 15' 3 1 1 O' O' • 1 • 28 I 2 1 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 2 14 3 x 2 x 3 3 2' 2 $x 3x 23' 1' 1 x 0 O' 1 0 0 1 2g 1' 2' 2 3 1 • 3 4 17' 1 0 1 • 2 1' 3 3'
30 2 I • O' O' O' 2 2' 9' 1 1' 1 O' 0 0 0 0 4
31 2' t' 3' 4 3 4 5 5 28' 0 0 O' • 0 O' 1
Values K w Sum Values Kw Sum Values K w S um , ,,
1 • 0 0 2' 1 2' 2' 1' 10' O' O' O' 1 0 O' 2 2 7 1' 1 2 1' 1' 1 1 2 • 0 0 O' 0 • 2 1' 5 1' 2' 1' 2 1' 1 1 1 12 1' 1' 1' 1' 2 2' 3' 4 18 3 1' • 0 1' 2' 2' 2 1' 12 1 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 19 3' 1 1' 1' O' O' 1 1' 11 4 2 2' 1' 2 2' 2 1 • 14 3 4' 3 2 3' 6 4' 2' 29 2 2 0 1 • • 0 5 0 1 • • 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 1 x 2 • 1 x 3' 3 3 22 2' 2 2 2' 1 1 x 1 x • 13'
, ,
5 2 • 4 3' 2 1' 3 3' 22' 2 2' 2' 3 2' 2' 1' O' 17 1 O' 1 • 2. 2, 2 • 10 7 3' 3' 2' 3 3 2' 1 2 21 • 0 1' 1 O' 2 0 0 5' O' 1 O' • 1 1 1 4 8 1' 2 1' 2' 1' 2' 1' 2 15 • 1 1 1 2 1 1' 1 9 3' 4 4' 4 3 3"4' 4 31 9 1 1 1 2' 4 2 2' 2 16 1 0 0 O' 1' 1' 1' 2 = 8' 2 2' 3 1 2 2 = 2 2 17
I0 2 i 1 x 2 x 2 2' 1 0 x 13 3 2 x 2 1 x 1 x !' 1 1 14 1 • 1' 2 3 2' 3 3 2 ,
I1 1 1' 1 x 3 2 4 2 x 3' 19 2 x 2 2 2' 2 6' 7 x 7 32 3 2 • 2 x 3 2' 2' 3' 3 22' 12 1 • 2 2' 3 3 1 3' 3 19' 6 • 5' 5 • 4 4 3 • 4 4 = 37' 3 • 3 3 3 1' •' 5 4 13 2 1' 2' 4' 4' 4' 3' 5' 28' 4' 1 • 1 O' 1' 1 1 2 13 3' 4 4 • 4 3 3 3 3 28 14 5 5 6 5 • 4 = • 4 3' 37 3 2' 2' 5 4 = 4 3' 5 30 3' 1 1' • O' 0 • 0 1 •5 • 3 2 • 2 3 3 2 1' 2• 4 4 • 2 • 2, 2 3 1' 2 22 1 = I 0 0 0 0 • 1 0 15 2' 6 9 • 6 • 5 3 4' 44 2' 3 3' 3 2 = 3 3 2 22' 0 0 •" 2, 2• 2 2 • 2 17 2 2 2' 2' 2' 2' 3' 3 20' 3 2 • • 3 1' 2' 3 2 20' 1' 1' 1 O' O' 1 3 1 18 3' 2' 3 2' 2 3 2 • 3 22 1 • 2 • 2 • 1 • 1 O' I O' 11 1 1' 2 1 • 1 1 1 1 10 19 3' 2 1' 2 1' • 1' 2 15' 1 1 1 O' O' 2' 1' 1' 9' O' !' 1 O' 1 2' 1 0 8 2• 2 1' 1 • 2 1' 1' 1 11 1 1 0 O' • O' O' 1' 5' 1' O' 0 O' 0 O' I' 2
-
21 2' 1 x !: 1 x 1 1' 2 1 x 13 O' 1 x 2 2' I' 1 x O' 1 11 2' 2' 3 3 2, 1, 1 O' 22 2 2' ! 1 2' 3 •' 3 18' 1' 1 1 1' 1 2' 2 1 11' 1' 2 2' 2 1 1 • O' 11 23 3 2 4 4, 4 4 4 4 29' • 1 1 • 0 • O' O, 4, 0 O' 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 3 3 2' 3 2 2 2 1 18' • O' O' 2' 3 4 S 3' 17' 0 0 2 1 1 1 1' 1 25 3 3 3 3' 3 2' 2' 2 22 x 2' 3 1' 2 1 • 2 2 2' 17 1 1 0 • • 1' ! • 1 7 2• 2 1 1' 3 2' 2 O' 1 13' 1' 2 1' 1 1 1 • O' 9 1 1''2 1' 1' 1 1 • 10 27 1' 2 1 1 1 2 1 1' 11 1 1 1' 1 1 2' 2 1 • 11' 1 1 0 • 2 • 1 1 • :• 1 0 1 • 1' 0 0 4' 1 • 1' 4 2' 2 • 3 3 2 = 20' • 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 1 • 1 4 • 2 2 I 0 • • 0 O' 6' 2' 3 4 3' 5 4 3 3 28 1 1 1 • 0 1 1' 3 • 0 0 0 1 1' 2 O' • 5' 2 1 2' 2 • 3 1 2 • 1' 16 1' 2 1 2 1' 1' 1 1 11' 31 1' 1 2 2 O' 1' 2 1 11'
320 3. BARTELS, N.H. HECX, AND H. F. .fOHNSTON [VOL. 45, No. 3]
Table Z--World-wide magneClc three-hour-range indices, K•, 1938-39--continued
I'HREE-HO UR-RA NGœ INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 321
Table 2--World-wide masnetl½ theee-hour-range indices, Kw, 1938-39--continued January 1939 February 1939 l•arch 1939
DaYi ....... Values K• 'Sum value'$ Kw " 'S um .... Values K• Sum 2 1 1 1 = 2 1' 1 1' 1 10' 4 = 3 2' 1' 2 2 3' 3' 23 5 4' 3 3' S 1' 1' 2 24 3 1' 1 1' • 1 1 • 0 7 2 2' 2 2 i' 1' 2' 3 17 2 S' $ 3' S = S' 2' 3 = 25 4 0 • 0 x 0 0 0 x 1 x 1 x 4 x 2' 2 2 3 2 O' i O' 13 x 4' 4 3' S 3' S 3
5 1 $ 1' 2 2' 2 2 2' 16' 1 1'. 2 2... 2 2. 3' 3 •? • 1' 2 S. ?..?...2. 3 19' 6 1' 1 • 1' 1 ß 2 2 2 12 3 4 4 5 • 5 4' 4 4' •, 2 • 2, S 3 S • 7 2 i' 1 2 1' 2 2 2' 15 3' 3' 2' 3' 3 2 3 1' 22' 2' 2 O' 1 1' 1 1 1 = 11 8 S S 1 1' 1' 1' 2' 1' 15' 1' O' 0 O' 1' 1 1' 2' 9 2' S' S $ 1' 1' 2' 1 = 19 9 1' 2 3' 2 2 2 2 2' 17, ! 1 • 3 2 2 S 2' 15 2 • 4 $ 2' 2
10 2 ?. ?. 2'.. • .... 2 2 2 17' 3 3 1' 1' 2, 3, 2 2 ...19' .3 .2 1 ..... !' 2 2' 2 11 1' 1 !' 1' l' 1' 2 2'" "is 4' 4 3" 2' 1' 0'0' 0 16 1 1 S 3 2' 3 • 2 S 19
1S 1 • 0 1 1' 1 • 0 O' 6 0 0 0 0 • 1 2 • 6 = 1' • 2 S 2 1 0 14 3 2' 1 2 2' 2' 1 3 18 2 1' 2 1 2 2 2' I' 15 • 1' 1' S' 2' 2' 1' 1' 15 15 • • 2 2 1' 1' 1 • 11' 3 2' 2 2 3 • 2 2 19 • • 2 3 3 2' 4 3 2 20
17 4 3 2 2 x 2' 2 2 x 2 2• ! x 2 x 3 S 3 x 3 S 2 21' S $ 3 x O' 2 2' 2' 1 18 18 2' 2' 2' • • 1 0 1' 11 3 1 S 2 2 • 2 • 18 1' 1 1 = 2 1 O' 0 0
19 1 1' 1' • • • 1' 2 9' 2 2' 2' 2 = 3 1' 2 1' 18' O' O' • 0 0 O' 2' 1' 6
20 2 2 3 2 O' 1' 2" 2 16' 2 .... 2'. 0 ....... 0..1.. ?....1 .. • 9' 3' S !... 1' 1 2'
23 2 S 2 2 2 1' 1' • 16 x 2 x 1 • • 2 1 1' 2 11 4 S 2 S S S' S S' 25 • • S 2 1 1 = 0 • 1 = 1• 2 3 2' 2 3 5 6 6' 3• 2 2' 2 = 2 3 2 1' 2 18 25 2 2' 2 1' O' 0 • 1 10 7 5 6 5 = 5 4 3' S' 39' 1' 2 2 1' 1' • 1 2
...............
• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 • • O' 2 1 • 0 • 4 S' 2 S 1' 2 5 4' 26 28 0 • 0 0 • 2 2 1' 6' 1 2 2 1' 2 3 2 • 16' 3% • S S 4' 5' 5 29 2 1 0 • 0 0 0 • 4' 4' 5 4' 5 4' 4 • 4 • • 1 1 1 • • 1 1 6' 4 S' 3 S 2 = S' 4 4 2• 31 0 x 1 x • 2 1 x • 0 x • 8 4 • 2' S • S 2 x 3 x 24 x
' kPrll 1939 ...... M• 1939 .......... June' 1939 Values • S• Values • S• •alues • 'sum
1 S' • 3 2 S • s s' •' 2 o' 3 4, 5, 4 5 5 29' 2 1 = 1;'1 ' 3' 4 3"'2' '19' 2 3 • 2 2 2' 3 2' • 22 5 4' 6 4 3' 3' 3' • $• • 3' 3 3 3 S' 3 S 25' 3 2 2 x 3' S 2 x • S 2' 21 x 3 x 2 x S' S' 2' 2 x 3 2 x 23' 2' 2' S • 3 S Z' 2 22 4 3 2 • 1' 1' 2 4' • 21 2 2 1' 2' • 2 1 = 1 13 3 $ 3 2' 3' S 2 2
6 • 2' S 1' 1' I 1 • 11 =,3' 2 3 3' 4' 4' 4 4' 30 1 = 2 1' 1' 1 1' 1' 1' 12 7 I 1 1 1 1 2 1 • 8' 5' 4' 4 = 4' S' 3 3 3' • I' I 1' 1' 1 1' 1 • 9' 8 1 2' 2 1' 2 2 4 3 18 ,5 3' 4 4 4 • 3' $ 29' 1' 1' 1 I 1' 1 9 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 20' • 4' S S' S 3 2 2 24' • I I I I 0 0 1' 6
10 4 • • • S 4 3 4' 4 = 3• 2 1' 1' 1' 1' 3 1' 1' 14 2 2' 1' 2 • 1 11 4 2 3 4' 3 4 • 3' 28 1' 1' 1 S 2 • 1" 0 10' I 1 1' 2= 1' 1 12 3 • S' 2 S 1 2 2 = 21 1 1' 2 1' 2 1 i 1' 11' 1 = 1, 2 1' 1 • 0 13 2 1' S 2 • 2 2 I 16 • 1' 2 1' 2 2 I 2 13 2' 2 2 2 2 3 14 2 2 1' 2 2' 2, 2, 2 17 1 i 1' • 1 1' 2 1' 10 5 4' 5 6 • S' S 15 1 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1 • 9' 2 2 3 2' 2' 2 2 2 18 2 2 2 2 2 2' 2 16 • • 1' 0 0 0 0 S 5, 4 4 4 • 2 1' 2"' 1' 22' • • 5 i • S 2 2 17 5 6' • 6 6' 6' 4' 5 4• 2 1' 2 2 1' 2 • 3 18 O' • • • • • 2 18 2 2 4 x S' 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 2• • • 1' 2 2' • 1 •x 17 S S' S S $ • 3 3 19 3' S x S x S 4 x 4 x 4' S' S• • 3' 3' 1 • 1 x 2' 2 17' S • • 2' S S 20 4 3 • $ 3 S z 2 x 2 x 25 S x 4 S x S 2 2 1' 2 21 x 4 S 2' 2 x S 2 2 2 2! •'i "$ • S S S 4 3 x 2" 24' 2 lX 2 • S S x '4' • • •'S • S 2 x"2 4 2x•24i 22 4 2' • ! 3 S' • 2 x • 4 • 4 4 • S 2 4 2• x 2 s 3 2 x 1 x 2 2 23 3 5 x 6 x 5x 5 5' 4, 3 x 39 3 • 4 • 2 • 4 4' • • S • S • 2 24 S 2 1 x 2 x 1 6 8 6 • 4' ß • 2 2 3 4 4 26 3 2 2 1 x 2 1' 2
• • 0 1' ! • 1' 0 4' 9' 2 2' 1' 2 1' 1 S • 17' 2' 3 3' 4 3 2' 1' 2 22 28 • $' • 2 2' 2 2 2' 2• 4' • S' S 2 1' 2 • 2• 1 2 1' 2 $ 3' 3' 4 2! • 1' $ 2' S 2' 2 • 2' 20 4 4 5 S' 4 S' $' 2' SO 3 4' S' 3 • 4 2 2
31 2 2 2 1 0 0 1' 2
322 if. BART.ELS, N.H. HE6'K, AND H'. F. JOHNSTON Wo•-. 4s. No. a',
Table 2--World-wide ma&metlc three-hour-range indices, K w, 1958-1939--concluded
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 323
Figures I and 2mGraphical tables for the world-wide indices arranged in "solar rotations" of 27 days for the study of recurrence- tendencies are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Intervals with K•>5 are emphasized as shown in the key at the top of Figure 1.
7•ble 3---World-wide daily indices B, given to half-units, and de- rived from the indices K• as explained in section (18) of our former paper are given in Table 3. For the first half of 1938, this new Table
t•
324 J. BARTELS, N.H. HEC. K', AND H. F. JOHNSTON IX'o,-. 4s, No. 3]
supersedes the previous Tables for 2B. The eight B-indices given for each date refer to 24-hour intervals beginning at 00 •', 03 h, 06 •' .... 21 • GMT on that date. b'or instance, B-indices for Greenwich days appear in the first of the eight vertical columns; B-indices for local days on the meridian 135 ø west, where local midnight occurs at 09 •' G.•I•, appear in the fourth column;B-indices for local days on the meridian 135 ø east, where local midnight occurs at 15 }• G•IT on the previous Greenwich
144•
1450
1453
1454
1455
1
2
$
½
5
THREE-HOUR.RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939
Table 3--World-wide daily m•netlc !ndlces B. 1g•39
5anuary I9• Feb• 1938 •ch
2 2 1' 2 2 2 2 2 • • • • • 2' • • • 3 3 • 3 2= 2` 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2' 2' 2, 2 • • • 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 ß 1' 1' 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 • • • 2= 2' 2 2 2 2= 1 • 1 I I I 1 1 • 3= 4 4 4 • • • 2' • • • • • 2 2 2 2 2 • 2` 3 • 3.
325
1938
• 1 ! 1 1 1' 1' 1'
O' O' 1 2 2` 2' 2' 2'
7
8
9
!0 11
13
17
18
•9
20
, _
26
%
1
2
4
7
8
9
lo
12
15
17
18
19
21
28
$1
' May 1938
4' 4' 4 3= 3 = 4 3 • 3'
3=333 333=4
4 4 4 • 4' 4' 4 x 4 4 3' 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 =
3= 3= 3• 3= 3= 3= 3= 3=
5' 3= 3 2' 2 2 2 2
2 2' 2' 2 2' 2' 2` 2=
2= 2` 3 3 3= 4 4 4
4 4 3' 3= 3 2' 1' 1
1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1
1 1 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' l'
o• o o. o, o, I 1 1
1 1 ! 1 1, 1, 1, 1,
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 •
0 x 1 1 = 2 2 2' 2` 2'
:5 2' 2 = 2' 2` 2 2 2
2 2 1• 1 ' 2 2 2' 2'
2= 2= 2= 2= 2` 2` 2 2
2222 2222 2 2' 2= 2= 3 3 3 3
, ,
1 1 1' 1 x 1' 2 2 1'
1 x 1' 1' 2 2 2 2 2 = 2' :5 3 :5 3 3 4 4
,2` 2 2 2 1' ! 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 x 1 1 1 1 ! 1
2 2 1 x 1 x 2 2 3= 4'
5 = 5x6 6 6 6 6 •
2 lZ22 55 •,
4 4 •4 = 4 ••
.....................
3333 3 • • • • • 2= 2 2 2 1=
1' 1 = 1 = I i I 1 •
,
June 1938
1' i x i x
i x 1 x 1 1 1 x 1 x
1 x 1' 1
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x !' 1 1 2 2 2` 3 3* 3= 3= 4
2222 222=2'
2' 2= 2= 3 $ :5 2= :5
:533 3 • 4 4 4 4 4 • • • 3 • 22
l' 1 1 •
• • • ! ! 2 • 2 2 1 • 1' 1 • 1{ 1 • 1' 1 = 1 • 1 • 1 • 1 • 1 • 1' 1' 1 • 1 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 1• 1 1 1 1
1 1 1• M 2
3 2= 2' 2 2 2= 2` 2 2 2 2 1' 1' 1 I 1 1 1 O' 0 x O' O' OX 0 x O' 1 ! O' O• 1 O' O' OX 0 '
E' 2= 5 3
2 1' ! 1 2222=
1' 0 • 0 • O'
2 2 2 1 x 1' 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 l' 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 :5'
3 2= 2= 2` 2' 2• 2• 2 '
:5:5 • 3
:5 2'2'2
2 2 2
2` 2` 2' 2'
2 1' 1' I x
2' 2` 2= 3 3 :5 2= 2'
444 • 5 5 ,555
5 4' 4• 4 :3• 3 3 3
7 7 5' 5 4 3' 3 3
3 3 3 2' 2` 2= 2' 2 x
2 2 2 2 1' 1' 1' 1'
1 x 1' I x 1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
August 1938
326 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOHNSTON [VOL.
1
2
4
5
6
?
9
lO ..
12
17
20 ...
22
23
24
26
27
30
31
--
1
2
_.
6
?
8
•0 .
11
12
•3
14
15
16
17
19
20 ..
21
.
26
•7
28
30
,,
Table •--World-wide daily •gnetic indices B, 1938-39--continued
September 1938
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 • 1 ß 2 2 2
2' 2 2 2 1' 1'
1• 2 2 2 2 2' 2' 2
2222 2 1•0•0
1 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1' 1 =
,1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 1' 1' 2
,2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2`
3 3' 3` 3` 3` 3' 4 4
4 4 4 4' 5 5 •
5• 5 5 4' 4 3` 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2` 2
2 2 1' l' 1' l' 1' 1
1 x 1' l' 1 1 O' (• 1
1 1 1 1 x I x 1' !' 1'
1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1 1 = 2 2 2 2' 2` 2` 2' 2'
2 x 2' 2' 2' 2 2 2 2
22 1' 1 • • • O' O' O' 1 1
1 !' 2 2' 3 • 3` 4 3`3`3 3
4 x 4 x 4 z 4 x
3 3 3 3
4x •x 4' 4
January 1939
1' 1 x 1' I x 1 1 1 1 1 • • O'
O' O' 1' 1' 1' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1' 1' 1'
'I x 1' 1' 1' 2 2 2 2 '2 2 2= 2' 2 2 2 2
12 2 1' 2 2 2 2' 2 '2' 2' 2' 2 2 2' 2` 2 x
12' 2 2 2 2 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 2 2 1' 2 2 1 =
1' 1' 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1' 1' 1' 2 2 2 2
2' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1' 1' 1' 1 1 1 1 1' 2 2= 2' 2' 2' 2` 2' 2' 2` 2' 2' 2 2 2 1 =
1' 1' 1 1 1 ! 1 !
! • !' 1' 2 2 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2' 2'
2' 2' 2' 2 = 2' 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 1' 1' 1'
1' 2 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
1 x 1' 1 0 • O' O' 0 • O' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 1 1 1' 1' !' 1 = ! = 1 1 O' O' O' O' O' O• O' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1' 1' 1 1 t' 1' 1 = 1 !' 1' 2'
, ,
October 1938 ,
4 4 3 3 2 = 3 3 3
2'2'2'2' 2'3 2`2'
2 2 1' 1' 1 = 0 • O' 0
0 0 O' 1 1 1' 2 2
2 2 2 2 2' 3' 4
4' 5 ,5 5 5 ,5 5 4 =
4' 4 3` 3` 3 2' 2` 2 •
2' 2' 2' 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1' 1' 1 1
O• O' O' 0 '
• 0 0 • O' 1 1 1
1 1 1' 1' 1' 2 2 2
2` 2` 2` 2 = 2= 2 2 2
! z 1 = 1' 1' 1 z 1 1
1' 1' 2 2 2 2 2 2
2' 2' 2' 2 = 2' 2' 2' 2'
2' 2' 2' 2 2 2 2 1'
1' 1' 1' 1 =
1' 1' 2 2'
3 3 3
3'3'3`4
4 3`3`3`
• 3` 4 4 4 4 4 4
3` 3` 3 x 3` 3` 3' 3
3 3 3 3 2' 2 2 2
2 2 2 1 x 1 x 1' 1 1
• O' • 0 •
February 1939
2' 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2'
2 2' 2 2 2' 2' 2= 2
2 2 1 = ! • ! = 1' 1 = 2 2' 2' 3 3 3` 4 4 4'
4' 4' 4' 4' 4 3' 3 • 3`
3 2` 2' 2' 2 1' 1' 1
1' 1 !' 1 x 1 = 2 2 2
2' 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
O' 0 O' O'
0 0 0
2 2 2 2
2'2'2'2'
2'2'2'2'
2'2'2'3 3 3 3 3 2' 2• 2` 2 •
2' 2' 2' 2 2 1 = 1' 1'
1' 1' 1 1 1 = 1 (Y 0 •
O' 0 • 0 O' 0 • O' • 1
1 1' 1 x 1' 1 1' 1 = 1'
1' 1' 2 2 2 2' 3 4
4' $ 5 = 5' 6 • 6
,.,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! o, 1 1 1, 1' 1' 2 2
2 2' 2' 2' 2 = 3 3 3
November 1938 ,
1 = 1' 1' 1' 1 • 1 = 1 • 1'
1 • 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 = 1' 1'
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 = 1 = 1 = 1'
1' 1 = 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1' 1' 2 2' 2' 3 3
3` S' 3` 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 3` 3` 3` 3 2' 2'
2 1 1 1 0 • 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 • O'
O' O' • O' 0 • O' 1 1 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 =
1 = 1' 1 1' 1' 1' 1' 1'
1' 1' 2 2 2` 3 3
3` 3` 3' 3 • 3` 3 3 3 2' 2' 2' 2 2 2 2 2
2 1' 1' 2 1' 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2' 2' 3 3
2' 2` 2 2 2 2 2= 2
2' 2` 2' 2 = 2` 2` 3
S 3 3 3 3 3 3
2`2'2`3 3 3 3
3 3 3 2' 2' 2 = 2 2
2 1' 1' 1' 1' I' 1' 1'
!' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1 1
1' 1' 1' 1 1' 1' 1 1
10' • O' • 0 00'
March 1939
3 = 3' 4 4 4 4 3` 3'
3' S' 3 3 3 2' 2' 2 =
2' 2' 2 = 2` 2' 3 3 3
3 3 3 2' 2' 2 2 2
1' 1' 2 2 2' 2' 2 = 2'
2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 3 3 3
$ 3 3 2` 2 2 2 2
2` 2 2 2' 2' 2' 2` 2'
2'2'3 2'
2'2'2'2' 2• 2` 2` 2
1' 1' 1' 1' 1 = 2 $ 2 2 2 2 2` 2' 2' 2' 2'
3 S 3 S 3" 3` 3` 3"
3'3`3 3' 3 3 3
2' 2 1 = 2 1' 1' 1
1 1 O' O• O' • O'
1'2 2 2 2 2'2
1' 1' 2 2' 3 3
S' 3` 3` 3` 3` 3 3 S
3 3 3 3 3 S 2' 2'
2' 2' 2 2 2 2 1 x 1'
1 = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2'
2' 3 3 3 3 $ 3 3 z
S' 3` 3' 3` 3` 4 4 4
4' 4' 4' 5 5 5 5
4 = 4 = 4 • 4 4 3' 3` $'
3`3`3'3` 3'3`3`3 3 $ 3 3 S S 3 S
December 1938
O' O' O' 1 1 1' 2 3 3' 3` 3' 3` S' 3' 3 • 3' 3' 3' 3 S 3 2' 2` 2 1' 1 = 1' 1' 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 = 1'
1' 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
O' O• 1 1 1' 1' 1' 2
2 2 2 2 2' 2' 3
3` 3' 3' $' 3` 3` 3 2'
2 2 2 2 2 2 • 2, 2' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1' 1'
1 x 1 1 1' 2 2 2' 3 , ,
3 3 = 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 3= 3 • 3' 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 3' 3' 3
3 3 3 S 3 3 2' 2'
2' 2` 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2 =
3` 3' 3 3 2 1' 1' 1'
1' 1' 1 1 1 ! ! 1
10' •'0 •
• O' • • • 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o
1' 1 x 1 = 1' 1 x 1' 1 1
1 1 1 • • • 1 1
1 1 1 ! 1 1 1
April
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2'3 3 2' 2'2'2'2'
3 3 3 3 3 3`3`3 3 2' 2= 2 ' 2' 2 2 2
1 1 1
!' 1' 1'
2'2'3
½ 3`4
3` S' 3` 3` 3` 3' 3 3
S 2` 2' 2' 2` 2 2' 2'
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 I' 1'
1 1 1 1 1
1 2' 3 = 5 5 5' 8 6 6 5' 5 5 4' 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 3`3 = 3`
3 3 3 3 3 S S 3
3 3'3`3 S 3 3 3 $ 2` 3` 4 4' 5 5 5
5 5 5 4' 4 3` 3` 5
5 5:' 5' 5' 6 6 5' 5
4' 4 3` S' $ 3 2' 2
1,'i •'"• ! "• • •" 2 2' 2` 2' 3 3 3 3
2` 2` 2` 2•' 2'2'2'2' 2' 2' 2' 2 2 1' 1' 2
1' 1' 1' 2 2' 3` 3` 4
THREE-HO U'R-RA NGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 327
?able •---World-w!de dally •ag•etlc lndlces B, 1938-3•-~co•cluded
1
2
4
$ ,
7
•o ,
11
12
14 15
ß _
15
17
19
2O
21
28
, ,,
2
4
7
10
11
12
•4
16
19
,
21
$!
•, 1939
4 ½• 4 x 5 5 5 4 x 4
3 3 3 2' 2 • 222
• • 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4 • 4' 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
s • 2 x • 2222
2 2 2...•? 2 .... ,
1' 1' 1 = 1'
1' 2 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 2 2 2 2' • 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 5 • 2 2 2 2 2
• • • 2 • 2 2 • • • • 2` •
• • 2 • 2' 3 3 3
3 • • 2` • 2` 2 2
3 5 3 • • • 4 4
4 • • 3 3 • 2
1' 1' 1' 1'
1 x 1' 1' 1' 1 x 2 ,, ,,
•ptem•r 19•
• • • 1 1 1 1
• • 4 4 4
4' • • 3
• 1 1 1 1' I • 1' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
I• 1' 1' 1'
1' 2 2 •
2222
• • 2 2 2 2
1•1•22 2222
2 22 2 1 • 1 • 1 • 1
1' 1' 1 • 1' ,
4444
2 !' 2 2 • 4 4 4 4444
• •3 3 • •2 =
[1 1 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1' 1 • 3 3 5 3
I 1 1 I 1
,,,,,,,,,,,, ,, ,, , ,,,, ,
June 1939 July 1939
3 3 3 2' 2' 2' 2` 2` 2 = 2` 2' 2 x 2' 2' 2 2
2" 2` 3 :• • 4 4 4 4 4 3' • 4 4 4
2' 2' 2' 2 x 2' 2' 2' 2' • 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2 2 2 2 2 1' P 1' lX 1 ' 1' 1' 1' 1 = 2 2 2 2`
,
2'2`
:• 3 3
October 1939
2 1' 1' 1 1'2 2 2
4 4' S $ 5 4' 4' 4
4 • 2` 2' 3 2` 2' 2 ß
2 • • • •2 2 2 2 2 3 3
ß • 3 • • !XlXl 1' 1' • 2 2 2 2 2
•2 2 2 • 1• 1 •
• 2
5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5
4x 4 • 4 4 4 4 ß 4
.
1 1 1 1
!• 1• 1• • • • 1' 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 1 1' lX lX 1 1 1 1' 1 1 1 1 !' 2 222 222`2 2222
1' 1' 1' i x i x 1' 1 x 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' !' 2
2 1' 2 2 2 2 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1 1' 1' 1'
1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 1 1 t 1 1' 1' 1'
!' 1' 1' 1' ! 1 1 1
1' 1' 1' i x 1' 1' I x
2• 2• 2• 2 2 2 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' !' 1' lX 1' 1 1 1 1 1 1
1' 1' lx 2 2222
1' 1 x 1:1 x 1 x 1' I x 1" 1' I x i x 1' 1' !' 1' 1' 1 1 x 1 x 1' I x 1 1 1 1 O' • O' O' •' 1 ! x I x 1' t x 1 x !' 1 1 1 •. ! 1 1 1 1 1 o'
December 19• ,
2 2 2 1 x !' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1' 1 x 1' t' 1 x 1 x !' 2 1' 1 x i' I T 1' i T 1 • • 0 • O' 1 1' 1' 2 2 2 2' 2`2'2 2 x 3 3 • 4 4 x 4 x 4' 4 x 4' 4x 4 4 4 • • • 3 •
3 2• 2•2 = 2• 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 1' 1 • 1 x 1' i x
2 2 2 2 2 2 lX 1 '
1 I 1' ! x
2 2 1' 1 x l' 1' 1' 1'
1• I 1 I 1 •o • o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0
••'s •'• $,'" 3 S $ 3
22'22 2222
• 22 222 •'
1' 1 • 1' !' 1' •' •' 1'
2` 2' • • 2' • 2 2 2 2 •2 2 2 2'2'
2 2 2 2 2 2 1' 1'
1' 1' 1' 1 • 1 • 1 • • 1 1 1 1 = 1 = 1' 2
328 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECX, AND H. F. JOHNSTON [Vo,-. 4s, No. 31
Table 4--Monthly and annual frequencies of world-wide three-hour-range indices Kw, 1938-39, and average indices Kwm and ranges A K
,
?requ•½les of E• = To- Average
19 38 Jan 5 22 21 25 33 35 32 20 16 11 8 5 3 6 1 1 2 1 1 248 2.72 44.9 Feb 20 14 28 25 37 31 26 18 5 10 4 3 1 ...... 224 2.14 23.6
Apr 19 18 27 33 41 35 27 15 9 6 3 2 • i i J ß i 240 2.14 27.8
1939
Jun 3 12 20 41 36 45 42 27 7 2 3 1 1 ..... 240 2.32 22.9 Jul 15 23 18 28 39 43 23 18 17 8 8 6 3 i .... 248 2.34 27.8 Aug 32 40 48 36 20 27 12 6 5 8 5 3 7 3 [ .... 248 1.76 23.6 $ep 11 35 41 35 37 21 26 14 9 7 2 1 1 ..... 240 1.89 19.3 Oct 7 28 26 36 36 31 28 19 11 8 4 9 4 [ ..... 248 2.32'28.0 Nov 18 53 50 41 32 21 13 7 3 3 . 1 ....... 240 1.45 13.2 Dec 22 24 38 52 34 28 27 8 9 2 3 1 ....... 248 1.76: 17.0
,
Year •w 315 3474•e40e40233021712• ?8 4• s• '23 10 2 i • . . •20 •'10,23.4
date, appear in the sixth column, but the B-index for the local date January 2 is entered as the sixth in the line marked January 1. Simi- larly, daily B-indices can be taken from Table 3 for intervals of the length of a day which begin less than 1.5 hours earlier or later than any local midnight.
Table 4---Monthly and annual frequencies are given in Table 4 for the world-wide indices K,, and two kinds of monthly and annual averages, namely, the ordinary arithmetic average indices /•,,•, and the world- wide equivalent three-hour ranges A•: expressed in q,, derived from the K• by using Table 3 (p. 441) of our former paper.
Figure 3•Figure 3 is a graphical form of Table 4 giving the frequen- cies in per cent in the form of self-explanatory "trees" which permit recog- nition, at the same time, of the relative frequency of a particular index (for instance, K,=3) and the relative frequency of any combination of indices (for instance, all indices from X==0 to K,=3, inclusive). The trees give only one symbol for the combined frequencies of 6 to 9; above the trees, each individual interval with K•=6, 6 •, . . , 9 is indicated by a Roman numeral.
õ 2. Local features in the range-indices K It has been shown beforeU-and Table 1 provides more evidence--
that the range-indices K determined at various observatories agree well, certainly better than any other proposed measure of magnetic activity for daily or shorter intervals. Certain local features, however, still remain in K beyond a scattering of a random nature, and, although
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 329
these systematic individualities rarely exceed fractions of a unit in K, further improvement is desirable, especially in order to derive the best possible world-wide index of geomagnetic activity as a measure of solar corpuscular radiation P. These features are the following'
(a) Differences in the general let,el of K--Each of the scales proposed for/{ for the different observatories is defined by nine lower limits of ranges for the indices K--1 to 9' for instance, for Niemegk, the scale is 5, 10, 20, 40, 70, 120,200,330, and 500•,. All other K-scales are (approxi- mately) multiples of the Niemegk scale, and can therefore be character- ized by one parameter, for instance, the lower range-limit A9 for K-9. The proposed scales give the choice between A0=300, 350, 500, 600, 750, 1,000, and 1,500,/; the K-scale assigned to an observatory was selected so that, in a number of typical test-intervals, the number of K-indices of each kind was approximately the same at all observatories. This ideal could, of course, not be reached exactly' even systematic differences remained, since the low sensitivity of the magnetograms at some tropical observatories made it impractical to decrease the scale- limits sufficiently because it would have become too difficult to dis- tinguish between/C=0 and 1.
It is convenient, for the present, to conceive // as a continuous function of the range A; the lower range-limits for the integers corre- spond then to half-units (for Niemegk, for instance, K=0.5 to A =5•,, K-- !.5 to A = !0-y, etc.). Between K=0.5 and 3.5, the K-scale connects the range A and the index K with the parameter A0 (the lower range- limit for K--9) by the equation
A=(A0 100) X2
The same range A would, with another choice .4'9 for .do, yield, instead of K, the value K'=K+!og (Ao A'o)log 2. Thus, with and A'•=350-r, K becomes K'=(K-0.22); or, with A0=350'y and
330 J'. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOHNSTON Vo•.. 45, No. Sl
GhT
00-03
03-06
06-09
09-12
12-15
15-18
18-21
21-24
00-03
03-06
06-09
09-12
12-15
15-18
18-21
21-24
00-03
03-06
06-09
09-12
12-15
15-18
18-21
21-24
00-03
03-06 06-09
09-12
12-15
15-18
18-21
21-24
00-03
03-06
06-09
09-12
12-15
15-18
18-21
2!-24
00-03
03-06
06-09
09-12
12-15
15-18
18-21 21-24
Table-5--Frequencies of three-hour-range indices K in the eight intervals of the Greenwich day, 1938-39
" Season and number of intervals with values of K from 0 to 9
Ja n ß Feb ,"Nov, Dec. 2.•0 days[Mar, Apr, Sep ;' oct. 244 days[May.. ß Jun, JUl, Aug, .... ..... ....... 0 ß ..... 0,,! 4
SIT•: O• •T = 15 h s•• 1• e west meridl• time
106 60 50 11 8 3 2 . . 100 46 40 25 16 8 ; . 1 64 40 43 47 24 11 5 4 1 46 28 49 50 30 21 7 6 1 51 32 44 43 30 16 ll 11 . 72 44 50 28 19 11 9 4 . 49 79 49 35 17 ? 3 . I . 90 63 51 20 9 4 0 2 1
NIEMEGK: L h 21 63 87 55 22 10 1 ß 1 ß 27 73 70 47 11 10 1 1 . ß 49 89 68 24 6 2 1 . 1 . 16 68 81 55 17 2 . 1 . 24 58 70 62 17 6 ; ß ß 35 5:3 55 41 27 20 9 .
57 50 68 43 15 2 5 4 ß ß 65 47 47 37 19 10 ? 11 1 51 31 42 40 28 25 11 9 4 ; 40 33 39 3• 39 30 13 14 3 1 42 47 28 48 22 26 14 12 5 46 60 46 47 19 11 5 9 . i 35 56 66 52 24 6 4 I . ß 27 74 74 45 18 4 2 2 . 56 72 52 44 11 7 1 1 ß ß 48 67 58 41 21 4 5 2 .
• = 01 h sl•andard 15 ø east meridian time 32 39 54 59 35 18 5 2 . . 26 74 53 41 32 17 2 1 ß 29 66 56 56 18 10 8 1 . 20 70 64 53 24 12 2 1 . 28 83 76 33 15 6 1 1 . i 43 84 70 27 15 6 1 . .
; . .
35 48 64 49 33 9 6 3 1 . 40 46 51 43 27 24 ? 5 3 . 50 45 42 39 30 18 11 4 5 2 52 41 48 36 32 10 11 10 4 4 39 3? 83 52 22 12 9 5 7 . 42 68 53 3g 25 11 2 5 1 .
.
.
24 39 so 50 43 18 3 i [ . 184248s245 2s 8 . . . 2,5 e2643835 18 3 3 . CHELTENHAM O0 h (I•T = 19h standard 75 ø west meridian time
42 70 49 47 17 10 3 2 . 38 44 58 55 45 26 7 4 { . ß 36
TUCSON: O0 h •T
33 8164 37 12 8 4 1 . 37 59 70 41 20 9 4 . . 44 56 60 54 12 10 3 1 ß 39 67 64 44 18 6 1 . . 51 69 55 3? 20 4 3 1 . 57 60 54 30 19 15 :3 2 39 57 66 52 13 8 4 1 i 3859 68 39 27 4 4 1 ß
48
31
24
3744
4448
51 47
48 51
55 72
6558
4854
43 60
= 17 h
4255
45 57
57 51
5449
6062
69 66
61 61
62 31 13 6 2 . ß
542? 13 11 4 .
52 33 14 4 3 . { 57 •2 6 3 1 . . 43 20 11 1 1 . . 43 20 12 3 . . 5825 13 1 . i .
SAN JUAN: O0 h 9•? = 20 h standat&t 60 ø west meridian
338? 64 38 10 5 2 1 ß ß 41 ?2 70 42 8 6 1 . ß ß 51 81 63 34 6 4 1 . ß 42 80 ?4 34 8 i . i 4469 64 47 10 3 • i . ß
3877 57 39 19 6 2 1 1 .
RUANCATO: O0 h
54 38 20 10 3 . .
56 34 10 1I 5 . 49 29 16 5 2 i 5523 11 4 . i . 3? 19 13 2 I . . 50 21 4 3 1 . 79 29 12 $ . . i 61 37 12 7 2 . .
standard 10• ø west meridian time 32526•48 32 15 3 2 . 33 45 44 57 44 16 6 1 ß 33 46 51 56 39 13 8 ß ß 45 56 59 54 18 10 4 ß . 51 58 71 35 20 8 3 ß ß 29 66 72 44 22 9 3 1 , 17 67 70 60 19 10 2 1 .
45 56 71 31 11 4 . . . 2• 55 65 44 35 18 4 2 . time
3,4 40 60 48 34 21 6 2 1 . 31 47 48 52 37 21 9 1 . 34 56 53 54 22 17 8 ; ß ß 47 59 53 42 27 IS 4 1 ß ß 52 53 70 41 14 11 5 . ß ß 37 42 79 5S 27 $ S 2 ß ß 14 44 74 59 39 9 6 ß 1 ß 16 156 61 60 44 16 7 5 ß 1
35 42 63 60 25 13 4 2 . . 27 58 73 54 lg 10 4 1 . 46 6169 44 14 7 1 1 . i 49 56 65 49 18 5 2 . . .
46 86 61 36 8 2 1 ß ß . 59 87 61 2.,4 6 2 1 ß . . 67 96 60 11 5 ß 1 . 3580852811 7 24 59 74 50 2• { • ' 2 12 42 78 49 38 12 6
36 66 57 49 28 6 4 ß ß 38 45 5? 63 38 S 1 1 ß 42 64 70 43 17 10 . . . 42 62 73 50 11 6 2 . . 44 69 68 44 15 5 1 . . 21 ?3 78 54 15 4 1 ß ß 21 70 75 46 22 10 1 1 ß 32 65 684229 6 2 2 .
•IT = lg h standard 75 ø west meridian time S1 63 6? 59 16 5 3 . ß ß 37 69 74 43 g 8 4 ß ß 47 84 63 38 5 5 1 ß . i SS 73 71 44 16 2 . . 12 29 62 75 38 22 • i . . ½226O79 45 23 9 1 ß •
28 74 7S a,6 16 4 3 ß ,. ß
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 331
•able S--Frequencies of three-hour-range lndlces K In the elght Intervals of the Greenwich day. 19•8-39--concluded
GhT
• h
00-03
03-O6 06-09
09-1Z
15-18
18-21 21-24
Season and number of Intervals wlth values of K from 0 to 9
Jan + Feb + Nov + Dec, 240 days M r + Apr + Sep + Oct, 244 de s May + Jun + Jul + Aug, 246 days ,
o 4 4 s 7 0 s ? ..... ,
WATHER00:00 h aMT = 08 h stanaard 120" east mer!dlan time
27 60 92 35 16 8 $ . i 30 66 64 44 25 8 6 . i 35 66 85 46 23 8 3 . •5 6B 79 43 15 5 1 i . 1 31 64 52 51 30 12 2 i . . 56 67 56 •2, 21 10 4 28 66 57 59 16 8 4 2 . . 30 55 61 42 32 18 3 3 . . 47 57 07 44 18 11 1 38 5g 58 45 19 16 4 1 . . 22 57 81 42 22 16 3 1 . . 48 54 65 48 21 5 4 ! 38 62 70 41 18 8 1 1 1 . 36 61 54 55 22 10 4 2 . . 55 64 63 45 10 6 2 1 32 77 73 42 10 2 1 2 1 . 38 58 66 52 22 5 1 2 . . 66 67 54 37 13 7 1 1
HONOLULU: O0 h •T = 13 h standard 165" west meridian tlme Six months onlM, January to June 1938, 181 days
41 57 37 23 11 11 1 . . .
.
3536484110 8 1 1 1 ß
00-03
O3-O6 06-•
0•-12 12-15
15-18 65 44 39 21 8 3 1 .
15-21 34 61 47 23 9 5 • 21-24, 24 52 53 29 13 5 • 1
A'•=500% K becomes If'=(K-0.52). Since these examples consider the complete transition from one K-scale to the next higher scale, and since the majority of the K-indices is smaller than 4, it appears possible to select the K-scale so that the level of K is not more than 0.3 unit off the ideal scale. This is quite sufficient for K-indices for single intervals, since the natural individualities in activity make a sharper definition unnecessary.
For establishing a standard for a world-wide index, however, it seems desirable to remove even these slight differences in the general level of the /f-indices for the various observatories, together with the daily and seasonal effects to be considered next.
(b) Daily variations of K--At polar stations, geomagnetic activity is not evenly distributed over the day; at Sitka, the (local standard) hours 00 h to 09 h are, on the average, distinctly more disturbed than the hours 09 h to 21h, while at Niemegk the (local standard) hours 16 • to 0! h are more disturbed than the hours 04 • to 10 •. This has been inter- preted as indicating that the solar corpuscles are preferably guided into certain "target-sect6rs" in the two auroral zones, varying in the course of the day with the position of the Sun relative to the geomagnetic axis; in addition, the da.ylight ionization may influence the distribution and strength of the ionospheric currents started by corpuscles. /f faithfully indicates the geomagnetic effects of such phenomena in a daily variation.
Huancayo, near the equator, gives an example of another type of daily variation in K; in the average for the eight equinoctial months, 1938-39, K is 3.5 for the (local standard) interval 10 • to t3 •, and only 1.6 for 01 h to 04h. This expresses the fact that there are large irregular fluctuations in the horizontal intensity /1 at Huancayo around noon, but not in the night hours. These daytime fluctuations may be conceived as irregular changes in the ionospheric current-system which produces the regular daily variation $ of H. A slight increase in the intensity P of solar corpuscu!ar radiation seems to be associated with a noticeable
332 .r. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOHNSTON [voL. 45, No. Sl
increase of these fluctuations, resulting in larger amplitudes and larger indices K; but some of these fluctuations may be actually "non-K-vari- ations," for instance, solar-flare effects xvhich are sometimes hard to diagnose.
Complete data on the daily variation of/( in the years 1938 and 1939, as expressed in relative frequencies, and separate for the three usual seasons of four months each, are given in Table 5 and Figure 4; for
THREE-HOUR-RANGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1939 333
Honolulu, K-indices were available for the six months January to June, 1938, only. The first of the eight "trees" in each group in Figure 4 refers always to the interval 00 • to 03 h GMT, the second tree to 03 h to 06 a GMT, etc. Local standard midnight is at 09 h GMT at Sitka, 23 • GMT at Niemegk, 05 h GMT at Cheltenham, 07 h GMT at Tucson, 04 h GMT at San Juan, 11 • GMT at Honolulu, 05 h GMT at Huancayo, and !6 h GMT at Watheroo. The trees clearly express the features discussed
I '
A --0
FRœOU•NCr- •IS FR IBU l'ION$ •
334 J. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. JOHNSTON [VOL. 4S, No. Sl
Obser-
v&-
tory
above. Cheltenham and Watheroo stand out as having the smallest daily variations in K, while Huancayo has the largest variations.
(½) Individual seasonal variations of/i--All good measures of mag- netic activity show, in the average for several years, an annual variation with two maxima near the equinoxes. Even the two years 1938 and 1939 suffice to show this double wave, and the averages for/i• (arithmetic averages of the/{•,• in Table 4) show a similar seasonal change as the average u•-measure (based on day-to-day fluctuations of the ring- current) in the same years.
Averages for 1938-39 November to February ................ 1.88 80 March, April, September, October ...... 2.17 92 May to August ....................... 2.01 88
But the K-indices for certain observatories show, in addition, a slight tendency to higher averages for the summer months; this appears in Figure 4 and in Table 6, and in the following averages for the excess (K-/i•), except for Niemegk: Averages for 1938-39 (K-K•) for
Si Ni Ch Hu Wa November to February ........ -0.06 +0.24 -0.04 +0.22 +0.01 May to August ............... +0.25 +0.17 +0.29 +0.01 --0.20 "Summer" minus "winter". .... +0.31 -0.07 +0.33 +0.21 +0.21
Table 6--Total frequencies of three-hour-range indices g, 1938-39, and standardizing frequencies
Frequency for K = lObset-[ Frequency for K 0l
s!
N!
Ch
Tu
s!
Ni
Ch
Tu
Si
N1
Cn
Tu
578
223
406
338
392
181
298
264
333
185
285
283
493[ 515 377 484[ 433[ 355 so81 SO•l 3S4
14971434 388 434[ 441 4331 457 [ 440
424 451 344
519 550 362
377 498 409
445 496 396
Jan + Feb + Nov + Dec, 1938-$9, 1920 intervals
•S•l 9• •'• • • • 54 8
•sr + kpr + Sep + Oc•, •g38-39, lg52 ln•e•als
May + Jun + Jul + Aug, 1938-39. 1968 lnte•als
72 26
• 22 5 •4• In• • • 3 • 3s71•3 I J•nusry •o June •938.
stand 2441359 340 273 130 66 21 8 4 3
2 1
2 1
2 2
3 2
1 1
ß 2
1
õ 3. A n ideal scheme of measuring magn,tic activity A complete and homogeneous description of the magnetic activity
by three-hour-range indices would be possible in a sufficiently dense net of observatories, say, O•, O•., Oa, . . . , evenly spaced all over the Earth operating simultaneously for a number of sunspot-cycles. The ideal scheme would begin'
(a) By determining, from records of three rectangular force com- ponents, for each observatory separately, the three-hour-ranges for the most disturbed force component in each interval.
(b) The relative frequencies of these ranges for each observatory, for the whole series of observations, are then given by a frequency-
THREE-HO UR-RA NGE INDICES, 1938 AND 1930 335
range scale (say, F (O•), F (O•) .... ) from 0 to 100 per cent, similar to the "trees" in Figure 4.
(c) A standard scale of the same length, showing the dividing marks for the lower range-limits for K = 1, 2 ..... 9, is then adopted by an independent choice, based on experience on the magnitude o[ magnetic disturbance, so that the standard scale is suitable for describing activity.
(d) This standard scale is then fitted to each of the range-frequency- scales F (()•), F (O•),..., and opposite the marks on the standard scale, a set of nine lower range-limits is read from F (O•) to give, once for all, the K-scale for the observatory O•, from F (0•) to give the K-scale for the observatory O•, etc. (principle of the assimil•ation of frequency. distributions).
(e) With these K-scales the ranges are converted into K-indices for each observatory. The process (d) guarantees that each observatory assigns the same aggregate number of indices K =0, K = 1, etc.
(f) The average of the K-indices for all observatories gives the world-wide index for each three-hour interval.
õ 4. The reduced indices K•
In practice this ideal scheme can only be approximated. But there is only one fundamental point in which the limited number of observa- tories, and their haphazard distribution over the Globe, force a major deviation: In the ideal scheme, namely, small systematic differences in the average world-wide indices for the eight intervals of the Green- wich day might be found, indicating a universal daily variation of mag- netic activity which has often been sought. Now the daily variations of K at each observatory must contain two parts, this universal part superposed by a truly local variation. In the average of the K-indices from we!l-distributed observatories, the average local variations are suppressed; but it is clear from the data discussed in õ 2 (b) that, in the average for our eight observatories, this process of elimination of local features is by far not completed, and the average daily variation of K would, at best, be a very biased image of a possible universal daily variation. Therefore, it was decided to apply the standardizing process [õ 3 (d)] to each of the eight intervals of the Greenwich day separately. This eliminates the local daily variation of K, but obliterates also the possible universal daily variation in the world-wide index. This sacrifice is necessary to insure sufficient homogeneity of the world-wide index, and is no irretrievable loss since the original K-indices remain available as material for an independent search after the universal variation.
Our standardization uses the K-indices for seven observatories for the two years 1938-39, and is made separately for each of the usual seasons (November to February; equinoxes= March, April, September, October; May to August), As standard (Kr) the total frequencies for Niemegk, Cheltenham, and Watheroo were used in the combination [(Niemegk-+-Cheltenham-+-2XWatheroo)/4], which gives equal weight to the two hemispheres in order to balance the (small) individual seasonal variations in K discussed in õ 2 (c).
The frequency-scales F (O•), etc., are given in Figure 4 in the form of the K-trees, and the standardization consists in coordinating a "re- duced range-index" K•, to half units, to each K. The trees for K• are shown at the left in Figure 4 as "standard." The assimilation of the frequencies of K and K• means: If the percentages of total frequencies K =0 to K are N (K), and K•=0 to K• are N•(KO, the coordination K• to K is defined by N (K)=N•(K•). In practice, as already mentioned in õ 2 (a), a dividing mark on the K-tree, for instance, between K=2
336 3'. BARTELS, N.H. HECK, AND H. F. 3,0HNSTON [Vo•.. 43. No. $]
Table 7--Conversion of original three-hour-range indices K to reduced indlces K r
Corrected values for K r at Sea- K ........ ---- son S i tka Pot sdam-N i emegk Chel t enham Tuc son
-- •'•'0 0 I 0 0 0 I 0 .... 6 0 Ibl' IoI Ilo 0 ii I Ilo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C • • 1 2 2 1 1 1 1' 1, 2 o' 1 1, o' o' 1 o' o•i 1 1 1 1 !' 1 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 1 1 • • 2. $ 2, 2 1' 1`' 2 2, 2 x 2 2 2' 2 2 I x 1' 1, 2 2 2 2 2 2, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
•. • "• 5 4' 3" :5 ::5 3" 4 4' 4 4 5 4' '"'4:3 $ 3, 4 .... 3`' 4 4 4 4 '4" 4 4 4 ".• ......... 4 .... 4 • 5 5`' 5 4 3' $' 4 5 5' 5 5 6 6 5 4 4 4' 5 5 5 5 • 5 5 5' 5 5 5 5 5 • 5 4 • 5 5
•..• -•" 6 6 5 4"' 4`"5 6 6" 6 6" 7 ? 6 5 5 .... ,JX 6 6 6' 6' "• 6 6' 6 6 6 • 7 7 7 8"5' 5'6 ? 7 7'7 8 ..... 8 7 6' 6`' 6X"7 '7 7'7 .... 7 7"'7 7 7 7 '7 '?''7 '? •,•-'•7 • • 8 8 8 7' 7 6' 7 8 8 8 8 8 • 8' 7 7 x 7 • 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 •3 Z '9 9 9 ,,• 9 9 9 9 9, 9, 9, 9'"9 91 9 '9. ..... 9 "9 9 9 '9',',9 9 9 9
o o o o o,. o ..... o ,,..o o o o,, o o o o o o o o ,,o o o o o o, o o o o o o,,o•o ,
1 '1' 1 • 1 1 1 1' 1 1 • 1 1 1 (7 1 0 x 0 • O' 1 ! 1 l' 1 1 • 0 • O' 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 • • 2 2 x 2 x 2 I x 2 2 2 2' 1' 2 2 x 2 2 2 1 x 1 x 1' 2 2 2 2 x 2 x I x i x 2 2 2 2 2 •o'•3,3 '•.'•" 2,3 3 3, 2, s'3, S' 3 2x•`'"2"2'2 ' 3 '3 .... 3,3,•, 2,• 3 k o 5 5 4 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 4' 5 x 5 x 4 • 5 5 x 6 5 4 x 4 4 4 x 4 x 4' 5 5 5 x 5 4' 4 x 4 x 4 •i 6'6"" 5 4''4 4 5 6 6x 5' 6, 6x 7 ........... 6 'JX 5 5`'5'5 5•'"'"'6 6 •' 6 5• 5' 5
8 8 7•..7 x ? 6 • 7' 8 8 8 8 8 8'. 8 7' 7•..7 • 7 • '7 = 7' 8 8 8 8 7" 8 7 • 8 8' 8 8 8 • 8 • 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9" 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ....... O. .... O. 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1' 1 O' (P O" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O' O' 1 1 1 1 1
• 2 I x i x 2 2 1 x 2 2 2 2 2 2 x 2 i x 1: 2 ,2 1' 1: 2 2 2 2 ,I x 1 2 I x 1
• • 5 4' 4 4 3' 4 4 x 5' 5 5 5 5' 5 = 4 x 4 x 5 4' 4' 4 4' 5 5 5 x 5 4 5 . . ,
• 6.5''5' 4• 4 , 4' 5x 6' 6 6 ,6 6' 6 x 6 6 6 6 .... 5.,x,,,,,,,.5 5' 6 6 6 6 5 6 5' 5X 6 ' 6 6 6 z • 7 6' 6 5 • 5 5' 8' 7 • 7 7 7 7' '7 • 7 7 7 7 6' {5 8' 7 7 7 7 6 7
8 7 • 7 • 7 6' 7 7 • 8 8 8 8 8 • 8' 8 8 8 8 7' 7' 7' 8 8 8 8 7 x 8 8 7 •) 9 9 9 9 I • ...... 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 g
San Juan Honolulu Huancayo •atheroo
00 0 0 0 m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 II 0 I"d 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0000001160 I 0000 • '• 1 I ! • 1 1 1 1 1 1' 1' 1 1 "1' 2 1 1 l' 1' 1" 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1
• •s 2 2' 2' 2' 2' 2 2 2 2 2' 2' 2 2 2 3 2 x 2 2' 2 • 3 2' 1 O' 1 2 2' 2' 2 2 2 2 2 2
• 5 5' 5 x G 6 z 5' 5 5 5 5 x 5 5 5 5' {5 5 :[ 5 6 6 6 x 6 4 x 3• 4 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 5' 5 4' 5 ,,
• 7 7 7 •: 7' 8 7" 7 7 7 ..... 7' 7 7 7 7 8 71 7 7' 7 • 8 8 6' 5' 8 117'7 7 ? 7 7 '"7 7 ? • • 8 8 8 8 8' 8 8 8 8 8' 8 8 8 8 8' 8 8 8 $ 8 • 8' 7' 7 7 8
9 9 9 9 '9 9 9 9 9 9 9 '9"' 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 I 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 g 0 o 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 o o 0 o 0 o i0 o 0 1 1 1 1 • i' l' 1 1 1 1' 1, 1 1 1 • 2 1 1 1 1 1' 1' 0 ß o 0 1 1 1
'• • 2 2 2 2 • 2' 2' 2 ß 2 2 2' 2' 2 2 2 3 2 • 2 2 2 ß 3 2 • 1' (7 1 2' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ,-• • ' 3' 4 x 4' 3 • 4 4 4 zLx 4' 4 x 4' 4 4 4 4 x 4 4 x 4 x $ 4 x 4 4 x 4 x 5 5 3 3' 4 x 4 4 4 4 E 5 5 5 5 x 5 '• 5 x 5 '[ 5 5 x 5 x 5 5 5 5 x • 5 x 5 5 '• 5 x 5' 6 4 x 4 4 x 5' 5
•'•'•'-7 7 7 7" 7 7 7 7 7'7'7 7 7 8 7 7 • 7 7'8 7 e e' 7•7'? 7 7 717 7 ,• • 8 8 8 8 8 x 8 8 8 8 8" 8 8 8 8 8' 8 8 8 8 8' 8 x 8 7 7 ß 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 x: 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9"' 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ..... g '9 9 •'_ •
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 "1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 x 1 1 1' 2 1 1 1 • 1 1' I x 0 • 0 O' 1' ! = 1 1 1' 1 1 1 x 1
• 2 2 1 x 2 2 2' 2 2 2 2 x 2 x 2 2 2 3 2 • 2 2 x 2 2 • 2 • 1`' 1 1' 2 z 2' 2 2 2' 2 2 2`' 2
• < 5 5 5' 5 x 5' 5 x 6 5 x 5 5' 5 5 5 5 x 6 5 x 5 5 x 6 6' G' 4 x 4 4' 5 z 5 z 5 5 5 5 5 5 x 5
8 8 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 x 8 8 8' 8 8 8 8 8 x 8 8 8 8 8 x 8 x 7' 7 8 8' 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 .r •--'[9" 999 99 9 9 9999 9 1"9 9 9 9 g 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 iiiiii, ii ,HI,IlliN I' I '11 "• •1'•, .................
Note: Sign ' follo'•lng entry Indicates value is to be Increased by 1/2; thus, (7 = 0.5, 1 x = 1.5. etc.
TttREE-HOUR-RANGœ INDICES, I938 AND 1939 337
and K = 3, should, on a continuous frequency-scale, be ciphered K--2.5 (written 2 X) while the mark for K = 2.0 should lie near the middle of the stretch expressing the frequency of K--2, and is best determined by a graph with K as abscissa, N (K) as ordinate. The standard scales at the left have been marked accordingly. The standardizing process õ 3 (c) has been then realized by drawing, through the marks on the K-trees, horizontal lines across to the standard Kr-trees. K=0 and K--9 were always retained as Kr--0 and K•=9; the horizontal lines cut across the standard trees at values giving Kr, to the nearest half unit, for K --0 to 5. The values K• for K =6 to 9 are then interpolated, because the scarcity of these indices in each sub-group makes it impractical to use the actual observations for standardizing. The result is expressed in the conversion- keys, Table 7, which are applicable, of course, not only for 1938 and 1939, but also for other years, until much more material has accrued to warrant a revision of these keys.
The keys show, by the way, that a simple "reduction-factor" would not work; for instance, for Sitka, K• for K-• 1 is mostly greater than 1, but K• for K = 7 is smaller than 7. On the other hand, the keys for the three seasons differ so little that not much could have been gained by making keys for individual months; for the same reason, the uniform key for Honolulu may be safely applied for all •asons alike.
The following averages for the equinoxes 1938 to 1939 demonstrate the success of the standardization in eliminating rather pronounced local features.
Three-hour interval Original K-indices GMT Si Ni SJ Hu
h h 00-03 1.82 2.49 2.26 1.98 03-06 2.07 2.15 2.14 1.83 06-09 2.70 1.83 1.82 1.57 09-12 2,96 2.15 1.81 1.73 12-15 2.80 2,26 !,77 2.78 15-18 2.15 2.55 1.92 3.53 !8-21 2.05 2.76 2.20 3.05 21-24 1.64 2.72 2.12 1.89
Total average 2.27 2.36 2.00 2.30
õ 5. The
Reduced Kr-indice$ s• Ni sj
2.18 2.15 2.26 2.12 2.15 2.!4 2.23 2.10 2.22 2.17 2.27 2.2! 2,23 2.26 2.15 2.20 2.20 2.22 2,!1 2.25 2.19 2,02 2,25 2.14
2.16 2.20 2.19
world-wide index, K•
au
2.15 2.11 2.15 2.19 2.31 2.30 2.23 2.18
2.20
In combining the reduced indices K•, only half weight was given to the results for Tucson, San Juan, Honolulu, and Huancayo, because the magnetic effects of solar corpuscular radiation, especially the lower degrees K =0 to 3, are naturally more easily distinguished in the mag- netograms of polar stations. The weighted averages, carried to half units, are the world-wide indices K• given in Table 2; these are further converted into daily indices _B and monthly averages K• and ranges A •c in Tables 3 and 4.
Acknowledgments--More than 40,000 original K-indices have been communicated in this and the preceding paper, together with 5840 world-wide indices K• and the same number of daily indices B. We acknowledge with thanks valuable assistance given by Dr. G. Fanselau and Dr. A. Burger of the Geophysikalisches Institut Potsdam; L. Hurwitz of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; W. E. Scott, W. C. Hendrix, and Miss E. Balsam of the Department of Terrestrial hIagnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington.
DEPARTMENT OF TERRESTRIAL •AGNETISM, CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF •VAsI-IINGTON (J. B. and H. F. J.),
Washington, D.C. UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY (N.H. If.),
Washington, D.C.