geological sequestration of c carbon sequestration in sedimentary basins module 4: sleipner project...

Geological Sequestration of C

Carbon SequestrationCarbon Sequestrationin Sedimentary Basinsin Sedimentary Basins

Module 4: Sleipner Module 4: Sleipner ProjectProject

Maurice DusseaultDepartment of Earth Sciences

University of WaterlooMost of these slides are from a presentation by:

Tore A Torp, Dr.ing., Adviser CO2 Storage, StatoilHydro ASA, Norway

Geological Sequestration of C2

Time Magazine,Time Magazine,17. May 200417. May 2004

Sleipner COSleipner CO2 2

injection:injection:

- Decided in 1992- Decided in 1992- In operation since - In operation since 19961996- 1 million tonne - 1 million tonne COCO22/year/year

Tore A Torp


North Sea, Sleipner North Sea, Sleipner About 2,800 tonnes of carbon dioxide

are separated daily from Sleipner West's gas production and injected into the Utsira sandstone formation (aquifer), rather than released to the air.

Why? Purely economics from the gov’t…

But… Good Politics as well (Norway, EU, StatoilHydro, joint funding…)


SleipnerSleipner

9.5% CO2 in the produced gas They would …

Be penalized a bit by having less pure gas

Have to pipeline it at extra cost So…

It is better to separate on platform And re-inject the CO2 into a shallow

stratum, the Utsira Sandstone


Experience with COExperience with CO22 & & InjectionInjectionEnhanced Oil Recovery (Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Brazil, Croatia)

Natural gas cleaning Transport – Pipelines & ShipsNatural gas re-injectionNatural gas underground storageBut, SLEIPNER is the first project to massively inject CO2 without EOR

application - Sequestration


COCO22-tankers, 1500 m-tankers, 1500 m3 3

capacitycapacity

Tore A Torp


Sleipner Facility 2004Sleipner Facility 2004

Tore A Torp


Sleipner FacilitySleipner Facility


Injection into the Utsira Injection into the Utsira Fmn.Fmn.

CO2 Injection Well in "Utsira"

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Sleipner A

Sleipner T

UtsiraFormation

Heimdal Formation

Sleipner ØstProduction and Injection

Wells

CO2

CO2 Injection Well1000m

2000m

2500m

0

500m

1500m

1000m

0 500m

1500m

Tore A Torp


The Utsira FormationThe Utsira Formation

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Tore A Torp


The Utsira FormationThe Utsira Formation High porosity sandstone

~30% porosity Permeabilities > 1 D (up to +10 D) H2O saturated, no gas or oil… 200 m thick, with a modest central shale

zone that appears continuous Large volumes available

Regionally continuous 50-60 million m3 capacity per km2

Excellent lateral transmissivity!


StatoilBPExxonMobilTotalNorsk HydroVattenfall

BGSBRGMGEUS

IFPNITG-TNO

SINTEF

IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D ProgrammeSchlumberger ResearchNO, DK, NL, FR & UK Authorities

SALINE AQUIFER CO2 STORAGE PROJECT


COCO22 Zone Growth Zone Growth


Time-lapse seismic datasets of CO2 stored in Utsira Time-lapse seismic datasets of CO2 stored in Utsira formationformation

Tore A Torp


1 km

Plume outline June 2006

Plume outline Oct 2001

8,4 million tonnes injected over 10 years Plume area: 2,8 km2 (1,3 km2 in 2001) Plume long axis: 3760 m Maximum distance from injection point:

2560m Maximum speed of front since 2004: 250

m/year, Distance from CO2 to wells:

Exploration well 15/9-13: 430m, decreasing about 12 m/year

D-template: about 2 km straight west of northern plume 15/9-19 wells: about 4,5 km north of plume

3,7

6 k

m

Plume extension & top Utsira time map

saddle

Amplitude maps of the uppermost horizon, in 2001 (left), 2004 (middle) and 2006 (right). Hot colours represent higher amplitudes and thicker CO2 accumulation.

15/9-13

430m

Injection point

Seismic section

COCO22 distribution June 2006 distribution June 2006

Tore A Torp


Simulated picture of the distribution of CO2 after three years.

Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high.Ref: SINTEF Petroleum 2001

Tore A Torp


Dissolution of CO2 in the Utsira Brine

Year 2021 Year 2412

Year 2621 Year 5019 Year 7018

Source: Gemini No. 1, 2004 (NTNU and Sintef)

Tore A Torp


SACS Project 1998-2002SACS Project 1998-2002

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WHAT WAS ACHIEVED:

• 3D Seismic proven, Gravimetry tested • Reservoir simulation tools partly proven • Geology and Geochemistry of “Utsira” mapped• Reason to expect the CO2 to stay for thousands of years

DOCUMENTATION• “SACS Best Practice Manual, 1.version.”• Download from www.co2store.org, see page “SACS”.

Tore A Torp


Demonstrations of CODemonstrations of CO22 storage storage

SLEIPNER SNØHVIT

WEYBURN

IN SALAH

GORGONK12B Source: IEA GHG

FRIO BRINE

KETZIN

Nagaoka


Sleipner CO2 Sleipner CO2 InjectionInjection


What is keeping the COWhat is keeping the CO22 there? there?

Trapping MechanismsClosure - from day one – faults?Micro-pore trapping - during injection - lasting

Dissolution in water - sinking to the bottom – centuries

Mineral binding - precipitating solids – centuries/millennia

Tore A Torp


Possible Leakage?Possible Leakage?

Leakage paths?WELLS - Corrosion of cement & steelFaults/Cracks – Overpressure criticalUnderground fluid mobility – Site specific

PreventionDetectionRemediation

Tore A Torp


Monitoring: Safety Over TIME?Monitoring: Safety Over TIME?Before start: Site selection, Planning and Risk assessment =>licence

During injection: Monitoring – “Watch the barn doors” => report

Closure: Monitoring and long-term risk => agreement

Post-closure: Monitoring gradually less => hand-over Safety against leakage will be better over time!

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Tore A Torp


COCO22 Capture and Storage (CCS) Capture and Storage (CCS)

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Leg 2: COST of Capture Energy use Costs Better technologies

Leg 1: TRUST in Storage Methods from oil and gas industry Geology varies from place to place More demonstrations

Pace: CO2 Transport

• Pipeline

• Ship

Large projects

Tore A Torp


Total Lacq Project (~60 MM Total Lacq Project (~60 MM €)€) Gas processing plant Steam needs, to be done with CH4 + O2

This results in almost pure CO2 + H2O So, they plan to inject the CO2 into the

Lacq natural gas reservoir, displace a little bit more gas

150,000 t in 2 yrs, starting in 2008 …the first integrated CO2 capture system

using oxy-fuel combustion combined with storage in a depleted hydrocarbon field.


SUMMARY…SUMMARY… First genuine sequestration project High permeability, high porosity

reservoir for the CO2, good seal, etc. Not fully driven by economics (gov’t

subsidy) A model for future sequestration

projects…

geological sequestration of c carbon sequestration in sedimentary basins module 4: sleipner project...

Documents

torp slide

utsira sandstone slide

norway slide

storage project slide

zone growth slide

joint funding slide

sleipner wests gas production

produced gas