Geography History and Review

Geography History and ReviewSection 2: World Religions

Animism

Located in the Americas and AfricaAll things in nature have spiritsTeachings and BeliefsAnimists practice nature worshipThey believe that everything in the universe has a spiritAnimists also believed that ancestors watch over the living in the spirit worldThis belief resulted in ancestor worship as a means of communicating with and showing respect to ancestorsNo one person is considered the founderDeveloped simultaneously in different parts of the world

BuddhismSiddhartha Gautama is the founder of BuddhismHe is also known as Buddha which means the enlightened oneThe main belief of Buddhism is the Four Noble TruthsTeachings and Beliefs

Developed in IndiaThe Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan sect of Buddhism

Buddhism

Four Noble TruthsAll life is sufferingHuman desire caused this sufferingBy putting an end to desire, humans can end this sufferingHumans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path

Buddhism

Eightfold PathKnow that suffering is caused by desireBe selfless and love all lifeDo not lie, or speak without causeDo not kill, steal, or commit other unrighteous actsDo not do things which promote evilTake effort to promote righteousnessBe aware of your physical actions, state of mind, and emotionsLearn to meditate

ChristianityDeveloped in Judea which is now JerusalemCurrently practiced in North America, South America, Europe, and RussiaTeachings and BeliefsMonotheistic religion. One god known as GodSignificant writing is known as the BibleBecause Christianity evolved from Judaism, there are concepts that these two religions share. A moral set of guidelines known as the Ten CommandmentsChristians are expected to attend church services regularly, usually on Sundays and holy days such as Christmas and Easter On these occasions Christians take part in sacraments, which are religious practices such as baptism, and receiving the Eucharist

ConfucianismConfucianism was developed in ChinaIt was taught that if everyone knew their place in society, then order would prevail. Teachings and BeliefsConfucianism teaches that there is a natural social order to society which can best be explained through the Five RelationshipsRuler to ruledFather to sonOlder brother to younger brotherHusband to wifeFriend to friendFilial Piety One should respect their eldersConfucianism also believed that the brightest and the best educated should be in government.He developed the concept of a civil service exam to make sure the best got the best jobsConfucianism provided social order to China during a time of great chaos

HinduismCountry of origin is IndiaHinduism is a result of cultural diffusion that occurred between Aryan invaders and the native peoples of India sometime around 1500 BCThe Ganges River is considered a holy siteDharma means fulfilling ones duties in lifeKarma is the belief that whatever you do, good or bad, comes back to you. Good Karma means good things will happen to you.

HinduismTeachings and BeliefsThe Caste System is a rigid class structure based on Hinduism which is found in IndiaIt is believed that if one leads a good life, following good dharma and karma, then they will be rewarded by being reincarnated as a person belonging to the next highest level in the Caste SystemHowever, if one is wicked during their life, they will be demoted and possibly even removed from the Caste System altogether Outcastes, or Untouchables, are members of Hindu society thought to have been removed from the Caste System, with no hope of returning to it, due to their misdeeds in previous lives.Work that is deemed unclean for all other Hindus is reserved for these OutcastesThe Caste System has been outlawed in India. Even so, it is still practiced.

IslamIslam is most dominant in the Middle East. The third most holy place is Jerusalem which also has significance in Judaism and Christianity Teachings and BeliefsHoly book KoranPlace of worship MosqueFounder MohammedSet of moral codes is known as the Five Pillars of IslamThere is no God but AllahFace east and pray five times a dayMuslims must give alms to the poorDuring Ramadan, all Muslims must fast during daylight hoursIf possible financially and physically, all Muslims must make a pilgrimage or haji to the holy city of MeccaIslamic holy war is called a jihadA Muslim is someone who submits to the will of Allah.

JudaismOldest known monotheistic religion still being practicedDeveloped in Middle east around the area that is currently IsraelTeachings and BeliefsHoly book TorahPlace of worship templeFounder AbrahamSet of moral codes is known as the Ten CommandmentsThe Jewish escape from Egypt is known as the exodusLike Islam and Christianity. Judaism believe in only one God. This is known as monotheism

ShintoismMost commonly practiced in JapanTeachings and BeliefsTraditional religion of Japan that focuses on natureShrines are usually located near places of great natural beauty such as rivers, lakes, or mountainsTraditionally, the emperor of Japan was considered to be a direct descendent of the Sun God.Shintoism is one of three religions, along with Taoism and Animism, which believes that all things in nature have spirits.

TaoismYin and Yang The natural harmony and balance in the world(Light and Dark; Male and Female; Heavenly and Earthly)Teachings and BeliefsDeveloped in China Tao translates to The WayAll things in nature have spiritsPeople should passively accept the way of nature