Indian GeographyPhysical geo of India

Geological history of India

Physiography of India

Indian weather: seasons

Climatic regions of India

Soils of India

•Pre-Cambrian era• India part of Gondwana land

Geological history of India

• Indian Peninsular plate =Oldest crustal block of India•Collision between 3 proto continents

1) Aravalli2) Dharwad3) Singhbhum

Pre-Cambrian era

Aravalli

Dhrawad

Singhbhum

•3 lineaments1) Narmada2) Son3) GodawariRemmenants:Aravalli R, Dharwad plt, Singhbhum plt

Pre-Cambrian era

NarmadaSon

Godavari

Geosynclines at margins of Proto-continents:1) Aravalli2) Vindhyan3) Satpura4) Eastern Ghats5) Bijawal

Pre-Cambrian era

•Reactivation of Narmada – Son-Godawari lineament•Rifting of Mahanadi and Damodar valley •Submergence of forest-Development of coalfields

Gondwana times

Narmada Son

GodavariM

ahanadi

Damodar

•Faulting along western edge of peninsular plateau

Gondwana times

•150 ml yrs ago Indian plate broke from Gondwana land•Started northward journey•15 ml yrs ago India broke from Madagascar

Mesozoic time

• India move over Reunion Islands•Hotspot volcanism•Deccan lava plateau•Narrowing of Tethys sea

Late Cretaceous

•Collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate•Upliftment of Himalayas

Tertiary time

•The jerk – activation of crack created at western margin of peninsula•Breaking of western part – subsidence – peninsula raised at western side •Tilted on west-east direction•Western ghats = horst

Tertiary Time

Slope: South eastern

•3 phases of formation of Himalayas:

1) Great Himalayas (Oligo-Eocene)

2) Mid-Himalayas (Miocene)

3) Outer-Himalayas (Pleistocene)

Tertiary time1

2

3

•Late Pleistocene – formation of Northern plains•Sediments from Himalayan rivers

Tertiary time