Genetic Transcription Simón López Carvajal

Simón López Carvajal

Genetic transcription

I think that this studies are very important, because they provide the necessary knowledge to understand and use an important process as the genetic transcription is, to protect the human body from multiresistant-drug bacteria and maybe in the future estudies as the first one showed in this brochure will help us to be able to controle the genetic expression of some genes that are involved in many genetic diseases.

Molechular Biology

Teacher : Lina Martínez

Medical Utility Bibliography

University of California-San Diego. (2017, January 24). Biologist unlock code regulating most human cells. Science Daily. Retrived February 15, 2017 from https://www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2017/01/170124140749.htmRockefeller University (2017, February 3). Atomic-scale view of bacterial proteins offers path to new tuberculosis drugs. Science Daily. Retrived February 15, 2017 from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170203135112.htm

Molecular biologist from the Univercity of California in San Diego, have discovered the sequence code for the human intiator. They made it using emerging genomic techniques and they devised new computational strategies to unlock the DNA sequence code for the human initiator. The study showed that the initiator is located at the start site of more tan half of all human genes.

This discovery is very important, because it allows us to understand how human genes are turned on and off, and it helps us to understand how is the regulation of human genes.

Biologist unlock code regulating most human genes

Student’s Observation

Atomic-scale view of bacterial proteins offers path to new tuberculosis drugs.

A team of the Rockefeller University lead by Elizabeth Campbell, has been able to get an atomic-scale view of the M. smegmatis RNA polymerase, wich is very similar to the RNA polymerase found in M. Tuberculosis, a bacteria that causes tuberculosis. This bacteria has acquired resistance to Rifampicin, a drug that attacks the bacteria by modifying the RNA polymerase. They got the atomic– scale view using x-ray cristallography.

I think that this discovery is very important because it will provide the necessary means to realice new drugs to fight the resistant M. tuberculosis, maybe it will also help the humanity in the fight with other type of bacterias.

Student’s Observation

The scientific estudies that are focused in genetic transcription, are very important as they help the humanity to understand how the genetic system works in living beings, this give us the chance to know how to prevent or treat some genetic afections, as we can understand how bacterias and virus can be fought using their genetic system as the target of some treatments and drugs.

Introduction

Introduction• The news that are sahowed in

the brochure are related to the genetic transcription mecanism, showing that it is very important to understand the genetic behaviour in both the human body and bacteria, in order to prevent us from multiresistan-drug bacteria diseases and to know how the genetic expression works in the human body.

The scientific estudies that are focused in genetic transcription, are very important as they help the humanity to understand how the genetic system works in living beings, this give us the chance to know how to prevent or treat some genetic afections, as we can understand how bacterias and virus can be fought using their genetic system as the target of some treatments and drugs.

Introduction

Biologist unlock code regulating most human cells.University of California, San Diego. (2017, January 24)

Molecular biologist from the Univercity of California in San Diego, have discovered the sequence code for the human intiator. They made it using emerging genomic techniques and they devised new computational strategies to unlock the DNA sequence code for the human initiator. The study showed that the initiator is located at the start site of more tan half of all human genes.

This discovery is very important, because it allows us to understand how human genes are turned on and off, and it shows us how important is the regulation of the genetic transcription for the prevention of cancer and genetic diseases.

Biologist unlock code regulating most human genes

Student’s Observation

•The human initiator is responsible of the regulation of genetic activity in the cells, avoiding the risk of mutation and cancer.

•The human initiator was first observed by Pierre Chambon and his colleagues in Trausbourg, France in 1980 and its role was determined by Stephen Smale and Dvid Baltimore, two IMT biologist, in 1989.

Pierre Chambon

•The University of California team used emerging genomic techniques and computational strategies to unlock the DNA sequence code for the human initiator, it has been found that it is located at the start site of more than half of all human genes.

Student’s opinion •This discovery is very

important, because it allows us to understand how human genes are turned on and off, and it shows us how important is the regulation of genetic transcription for the prevention of cancer and genetic diseases.

Atomic-scale view of bacterial proteins offers path to new tuberculosis drugs. Rockefeller University (2017, February 3)

Atomic-scale view of bacterial proteins offers path to new tuberculosis drugs.

A team of the Rockefeller University lead by Elizabeth Campbell, has been able to get an atomic-scale view of the M. smegmatis RNA polymerase, wich is very similar to the RNA polymerase found in M. Tuberculosis, a bacteria that causes tuberculosis. This bacteria has acquired resistance to Rifampicin, a drug that attacks the bacteria by modifying the RNA polymerase. They got the atomic– scale view using x-ray cristallography.

I think that this discovery is very important because it will provide the necessary means to realice new drugs to fight the resistant M. tuberculosis, maybe it will also help the humanity in the fight with other type of multiresistant-drug bacterias.

Student’s Observation

•The rifampicin is a drug used to fight the M. tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for the tuberculosis disease. This drug modifyes the activity of the RNA polymerase but some bacterias have aquired a mutant RNA polymerase which is not modified by the rifampicin.

•The researchers used the x-ray crystallography to visualize the structure of the RNA polymerase, so right now it is possible to see how the bacteria acquired the resistance to the rifampicin and know the scientifics will be able to modify or make a drug able to fight the resistant M.tuberculosis.

•For the study, the researchers used the M. smegmatis, a bacteria that has a RNA polymerase that is very similar to the one located in the M. tuberculosis. They also found that the RNA polymerase structure found in the escherichia coli is very different to the RNA polymerase of the M. tuberculosis and that’s why the studies made in that bacteria didn’t bring any result.

Student’s opinion• I think that this discovery

is very important because it will provide the necessary means to realize new drugs to fight the resistant M. tuberculosis, maybe it will also help the humanity in the fight with other type of bacterias.

Medical Utility I think that this studies are very important, because they provide the necessary knowledge to understand and use an important process as the genetic transcription is, to protect the human body from multiresistant-drug bacteria and maybe in the future estudies as the first one showed in this brochure will help us to be able to controle the genetic expression of some genes that are involved in many genetic diseases.

Medical Utility

•Both studies are important as they provide tools to understand the genetic transcription and to know how does it work in order to probably in the future, be able to prevent all the genetic diseases by the study of the human genome and to fight the resistant bacterias.

•The human initiator loacation is a big step closer to the capacity of modify or fix some genetic problems in essential proteins that compromises the life. Likewise, this discovery is important to the understanding of the cancer disease, and maybe it will bring the humanity closer to the discovery of a better treatment.

•The discovery of the atomic-scale view of the mutant RNA polymerase of the resistant M. tuberculosis is very important as it make possible for the humanity to have a better fight and treatment against the tuberculosis. Also , this study will be important in the future to study other resistant bacterias and maybe in the future the acquired resistance in bacterias will be something of the past.

Bibliography• University of California-San Diego. (2017,

January 24). Biologist unlock code regulating most human cells. Science Daily. Retrived February 15, 2017 from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170124140749.htm

• Rockefeller University (2017, February 3). Atomic-scale view of bacterial proteins offers path to new tuberculosis drugs. Science Daily. Retrived February 15, 2017 from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170203135112.htm

THANKS