gender norms and agricultural innovation; insights from uganda by anne rietveld et al

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Diapositive 1

Gender Norms and Agricultural Innovation; Insights from UgandaHumidtropicsAnne Rietveld (Bioversity)Holger Kirscht (IITA)Netsayi Mudege (CIP)

IntroductionGender MattersTransformation?What do we need to know? How do roles of men and women relate to ownership and management of farms and natural resources in farming systems?How are the roles of (poor) men and women (of different ages) shaped?How does this relate to ability to adopt and benefit from innovation?

Gender matters, not elaborated here on why and how. We need transformation of underlying causes of gender inequity. Women empowerment is transformation. But how is gender inequity, but how is it expressed?The first step is analysis / situational analysisBut what do we need to know if we want to achieve gender equity / women empowerment in our system programs? Who does / owns / controls / uses / benefits from what in the farming system? These questions are part of system analysisWhat are the underlying social norms that shape roles / agency and how dynamic are these?Can we identify constraining and / or enabling gender norms in relation to innovation?

*

CGIAR global study;
Innovation and Development through Transformation of Gender Norms in
Agriculture and Natural Resource Management

Because of deep-seated gender norms i.e. rules prescribing womens and mens roles and behavior in their society women and men have different capacities to take advantage of new opportunities in agriculture and natural resource management.

Objective Study:Provide robust empirical evidence on the relationship between gender norms, agency and agricultural innovation, and how these interactions support or hinder the achievement of its development objectives across varied contexts

Resultant gender inequalities in the costs and benefits of innovation sometimes result in harmful outcomes. Yet, how and why this occurs in some circumstances and not others is poorly understood. This limits our capacity to design and scale out agricultural innovations that deliver benefits fairly to poor women and men.

How to make social / qualitative research results comparable. Response to critic on qualitative work being patchy, well structured, rigouress*

MethodologyLarge-scale qualitative study based on Comparative case-study analysisObject each case-study = 1 community / village7 data collection toolsliterature review (1), key-informants interview (1) semi-structured interviews (2) single-sex focus group discussions (3)FGDs and ind. Interviews conducted with different wealth and age groups

The individual case-studies also provide basis for rigorous analysis of gender norms and how these shape roles of men and women on a local level. As such these case-studies are extremely valuable for situational analysis of specific localities.*

Humidtropics case-studiesEast-Africa:Uganda [Mukono and Kiboga districts] Burundi [Cibitoke]Rwanda [Kyonza]DR Congo [Mushinga]

West-Africa:Nigeria [Oyo and Osun state]

Uganda cases funded by CRP-RTBTotal 134 case-studies planned 60 have conducted fieldwork

Results related to InnovationKiboga UgandaMost important innovation identified:Use of Herbicides Farmers have increased maize acreage and yield volumes

use of herbicides which was especially mentioned in relation to maize cultivation.*

Results related to innovationUse of HerbicidesMaize CultivationWomen stay at homeWeeding is womens taskWomen provide labor to plots spouseImproved seeds are to fight forSaleLaborAgric. InputsLandMen own LandMen can allocate plot to wifeWomens plots often small and infertileWomen with money are hard to controlWomen dont need moneyMaize is a mens cropMen dont like their wives attending trainingsWomen need permission to plant new cropFor Inputs you go to townRevenuesSome men are not committed to their responsibilitiesWomen cant move on top of a lorryMen know the traders and the pricesMen cannot allow women to sellSome men will share revenues with wifePoor m/f work as casual laborer to earn cash to invest in farm

Conclusions:Use of herbicides has been identified by both men and women as most important; many different aspects mentioned. Show nuanced story about when to whom what is beneficial and how gender norms are constraining useThe same innovation can affect different groups of people differentlyIts often possibly to identify clear-cut gender related constraints to adoption of innovations*

Results related to InnovationMukono - UgandaVines are sold at a high price to others and then you also sell the tubers. (FGD Youth F)The animals especially the pigs feed on the peelings of the sweet potato. (FGD Ladder of Life F)After selling OFSP, we bought two cows where we get cow dung. (man interview)I can sell products like cakes, pan cakes, chapatti made from OFSP and earn money and pay school fees for my children (Woman Interview)

An innovation may be easily accepted if it fits seamlessly into a farming system and livelihoodSweet potato as supporting healthSweet potato for income generationSweet potato linked to animal feed and manure for agric (Women often mentioned lack of manure as a barrier to high agricultural productivity)Women found it easier to keep pigs because they did not need a lot of land, and sweet potato vines and peelings helped them to feed the pigs*

Conclusions Understanding gender norms and social stratification is an important contribution to situational analysis of farming systemsWe need this understanding to design gender transformative approachesWe = us social scientists but also other scientists AND Farmers and other local stakeholdersTransformation and empowerment will not happen without active participation of stakeholders

1) In order to empower women and/or youth we first need to understand local constraining norms *

Thank youInsert photo here

Gender matters, not elaborated here on why and how. We need transformation of underlying causes of gender inequity. Women empowerment is transformation. But how is gender inequity, but how is it expressed?The first step is analysis / situational analysisBut what do we need to know if we want to achieve gender equity / women empowerment in our system programs? Who does / owns / controls / uses / benefits from what in the farming system? These questions are part of system analysisWhat are the underlying social norms that shape roles / agency and how dynamic are these?Can we identify constraining and / or enabling gender norms in relation to innovation?

*Resultant gender inequalities in the costs and benefits of innovation sometimes result in harmful outcomes. Yet, how and why this occurs in some circumstances and not others is poorly understood. This limits our capacity to design and scale out agricultural innovations that deliver benefits fairly to poor women and men.

How to make social / qualitative research results comparable. Response to critic on qualitative work being patchy, well structured, rigouress*The individual case-studies also provide basis for rigorous analysis of gender norms and how these shape roles of men and women on a local level. As such these case-studies are extremely valuable for situational analysis of specific localities.*use of herbicides which was especially mentioned in relation to maize cultivation.*Conclusions:Use of herbicides has been identified by both men and women as most important; many different aspects mentioned. Show nuanced story about when to whom what is beneficial and how gender norms are constraining useThe same innovation can affect different groups of people differentlyIts often possibly to identify clear-cut gender related constraints to adoption of innovations*An innovation may be easily accepted if it fits seamlessly into a farming system and livelihoodSweet potato as supporting healthSweet potato for income generationSweet potato linked to animal feed and manure for agric (Women often mentioned lack of manure as a barrier to high agricultural productivity)Women found it easier to keep pigs because they did not need a lot of land, and sweet potato vines and peelings helped them to feed the pigs*1) In order to empower women and/or youth we first need to understand local constraining norms *