gender-based analysis (gba)
DESCRIPTION
Gender-Based Analysis (GBA). Research Day Winnipeg, MB February 11, 2013. Why are we doing this…?. When it comes to health, sex and gender matter . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Gender-Based Analysis (GBA)
Research DayWinnipeg, MB
February 11, 2013
Why are we doing this…?When it comes to health, sex and
gender matter.Research is increasingly alerting us to the
ways that sex and gender interact to create health conditions that are different for men and for women. (Greaves et al. 1999)
“Failure to consider that men and women can be affected differently by similar situations can lead to policies that ignore the impacts on (and of) gender.”
Sex? Gender?
Sex refers to the biological differences between females and males
Health care planning and policy has focused largely on reproductive differences, but the range of issues is broader
Sex …
Gender … Gender refers to the socially
constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis.Gender refers to what it means to be masculine and to be feminine in a society and culture
GBA examines differences among women and among men
Equity – Starting blocks, foundations and resources that allow women and men, boys and girls to have equal opportunity to achieve their potential in health.
Diversity – Variations between and among people. This includes “observable” differences (race, residence) and also less visible ones: education, spirituality, sexual orientation, etc.
What is Gender-based Analysis (GBA)?
… a way of thinking (a tool) to better understand how the experiences of women and men are different, and how they are the same
… a means to consider ways in which gender interacts with other health determinants in research, policy and planning
… an opportunity to bring research to decision making by broadening the scope of evidence
GBA in health includes … Identifying issues for both women and
men, and for women and men separately
Analysis of sex-disaggregated dataGender-sensitive research that asks
about different experiences of women and men
Assessing the different effects of policies on diverse groups of women and men
Engaging women and men in the process of policy development and evaluation
Gender-Based Analysis is important for health decision-making
GBA challenges assumptions that all people are affected in the same way by policies, programs, laws, service delivery …… And that all people show the same outcomes for healthGBA uncovers hidden inequalities and inequities for men and for women
A fundamental question asked in Gender-based analysis is:
“Who is not included here?”
This encourages us to think beyond the mainstream and consider what makes women and men, girls and boys, vulnerable.
Exercise 1Quiz – Sex? Gender? Gender and Sex?
Annual Incidence of Diabetes: 1989-99
Standard presentation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
Inci
denc
e pe
r 10,
000
Female - Manitoba
Male - Manitoba
Sex and AgeAge-Specific Incidence - Manitoba 1999
6.4 12
23.7 29
.4 33.9 43
.5
60.8
88.4
110.
9
112.
4
136
150.
3
140.
2
112.
4
85.7
4.1 8.
3 14.1 25
33.4
48.1
73.8
118.
1
136.
6
143.
7
178.
7
169.
5
157.
4
135.
9
100.
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
Rat
e pe
r 10,
000
FemaleMale
Years
Prevalence by Sex, Age and Aboriginal Ancestry, Canada
1999(Health Canada, 2000)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ AgeAdj.
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ AgeAdj.
Age (years)
Perc
ent
First NationsCanada
Men Women
Questions to Consider• Primary Prevention of Diabetes
(modifiable risk factors)What factors contribute to physical
inactivity & obesity among women and men? Are they different? How?
How can we promote physical activity & healthy body weight among women, encouraging healthy body images for women of all sizes and ages?
Questions to Consider• Secondary prevention of diabetes
(early detection through screening)How can we promote appropriate
diabetes screening for women & men? Do we need different strategies?
What are the best strategies to reach Aboriginal women & men?
Questions to Consider• Tertiary Prevention (preventing & delaying
the complications of diabetes)Do women & men need different types
of diabetes education? What would these be?
How can we make diabetes education programs most useful to Aboriginal women and men? What Aboriginal expertise is available?
ANALYSIS: Ask Questions • Do biological differences account
for different risks or consequences?
• Does gender have added effects?Individuals’ expected traits, behaviours (nurturing vs. self care?)Interpersonal power dynamicsFamily contexts (i.e. single parenting)Broader social conditions (i.e. education, income)
GBA Questions InequitiesWhat gaps in outcomes are identifiable? How might they reflect unequal opportunities, barriers?Are the needs of females/males considered –across life span, roles, ability levels, economic conditions, cultural diversity, sexual orientation?
Question status quoHave influences of gender power differences been considered? Do programs, policy, practices perpetuate gender stereotypes?
Implications, LessonsIncorporating gender may lead to…
New ways of working, cross-departmentNew partners and voices consideredCritique of existing programs/practicesOngoing attention to gender, diversityPolicy/programs/practices better tailored to vulnerable groups Better use of resources
Gender and Health: What can we do? View our work, research,
policies and programs through a gender lens Remember that every population is gendered, so gender analysis is essential to reduce health inequities
Consistently attend to the contexts of women’s and men’s lives – income, ethnicity, age, ability, sexual orientation, power, responsibilities, etc Integrate these contexts into our daily work in health
Exercise 2
Gender and Emergency Preparedness
Exercise 3
• Background and defining issue(s)
• Developing options
www.sgba-resource.ca
