gender analysis
DESCRIPTION
The session presents gender analysis tools that can be used during project design, implementation and evaluation. The gender analysis tools will help to make the development intervention gender sensitive, so that the benefits of project reach both women and men.TRANSCRIPT
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Gender AnalysisJagriti Shankar
Asian Institute of TechnologyContact: [email protected]
Gender and Development – Practical approaches
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1. What and Why of Gender Analysis2. Gender Analysis Frameworks and Tools
Overview
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After this session you should be able to: recognise the importance of gender analysis for
project planning, implementation and evaluation use tools for gender analysis as part of
development interventions
Learning Objectives
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Gender is a social construction depending upon time and culture
Women’s and men’s division of labour and access and control over resources is different
There is a global gender inequality in favour of men
Men’s work = paid = considered more importantWomen’s work = unpaid= considered less important
Due to gender discrimination women do not get their fair share of opportunities and benefits
We learned so far..
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Can development initiatives fail because they do not consider gender ?
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Have a look at this development intervention (source: UNDP)
We have brought Food for everyone,
Go get from the tree.
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Do you think this is Equal Opportunity for all animals?
Does the same thing happens in development projects?
Who will be able to get the Food? What should be done instead?
Answer these Q. based on the Picture
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Assumptions during Project design and implementation:
Men are the head of household -> Project activities for economic benefits should focus men
Housework or child care is not much efforts -> Women can handle outside work with house work, women’s priorities go unnoticed
Women do care work -> Interventions related to family health should focus women
Development benefits will automatically reach women
Implicit Assumptions of Development Programs
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Gender analysis is a tool to better understand the different social, economic, cultural
and political realities of women and men, girls and boys.
At its core is understanding culture (underlying values, norms and beliefs), expressed in the construction of gender identities and inequalities. (Word Fish)
What is Gender Analysis
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Better understand our community (women, men, girls and boys)
Get better results from development programs
Goals of Gender Analysis
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Analysis of the Division of Labour and Access and Control of Resources
Understanding of gender relations and their Implications for development policy and implementation
Specific gender disaggregated statistics
A Review of Women’s Priorities, Women’s Practical Needs and Strategic Interest and ways to address them
A Review of Social, Economic, Political Power Dynamics
Absence of GA propose high risk of program failure, less success or reinforce inequity
What Gender Analysis Will Provide?
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A gender analysis of health program will inform you how inequalities disadvantage women’s health, the constraints women face, ways to overcome constraints.
A gender analysis of women worker’s situations, their needs, work places, wages, market trends will provide practical information to advocate for all (women and men) worker’s rights
A gender analysis of product supply chain will tell you women’s involvement at different stages in the supply chain so to increase their visibility and gain economic benefits
A gender analysis of water project will inform you where women collect water, what should be done to increase women’s access to safe water
Some examples
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Gender Analysis should/can be undertaken at any/all stages of a program/project cycle, including:
Identification of the project; Planning or design of the activity; Implementation; and Monitoring and evaluation of program
When to conduct a Gender Analysis
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Government Policy makers Donors Program Managers Development Staff Field workers, etc.GA should be participatory involving key
stakeholders from the field where the intervention is to take place
Gender Analysis can be conducted through a variety of Tools and Frameworks
Who should do gender analysis
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Collect Relevant Data: Sex–disaggregated information for analysis (Who does what? Gender roles, responsibilities, priorities of men and women both within and outside the household? Who has what? Who controls what?)
Identify Relevant Gender Issues (women’s and men’s practical needs and strategic interests)
Understand the institutional, economic, social, and political contexts (What are the differences, constraints, influences, power dynamics between women and men?)
Understand the priorities and needs of both men and women affected by the project (what do they need/want?)
How To Do Gender Analysis
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Gender roles framework (Harvard) Triple roles framework (Carolyn Moser) Web of institutionalisation framework (Caren
Levy) Gender analysis matrix (GAM) Equality and empowerment framework (Sara
Longwe) Capacities and vulnerabilities framework (CVA) People oriented planning framework (POP) Social relations framework (SRF)
Gender Analysis Frameworks
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Harvard framework - 1
• Can help planners design efficient projects
• Improves visibility of women in target area
Three main tools: Tool 1: The socio-economic activity
profile – who does what, when, where and for
how long?
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Activities Women/Men Time
Productive/Livelihood activitiesAgricultureIncome generationEmploymentOthers
MMM
SeasonalSeasonal
Reproductive activitiesWaterFuelFoodChildcareHealthCleaning and repairMarketOther
WWWWW
W/MW
Everyday – 2 hrsEveryday – 2 hrsEveryday – 2 hrsEveryday – 4 hrs
Tool 1: Activity profile
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Tool 2: The access and control profile – who has access to resources (ex. land,
equipment, capital etc.)?who has access to benefits (ex. education,
health services, political power etc.)? who has control over resources and
benefits?
Harvard framework - 2
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Access Control
Assets, ResourcesLandEquipmentCashEducationTrainingOther
W/MW/MMMM
MMMMM
BenefitsIncomeEducationHealthWater User GroupPolitical powerOther
MMW/MWM
MMMMM
Tool 2: Access and control profile
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3. Identify factors that determine the gender differences – Political, economic, cultural etc.Communtiy norms, social hierachiesTraining and educationAttitude of community towards external
development workersPast and present influencesOpportunities and constraints
Tool 3: Influencing factors
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Program Cycle Analysis
What gender considerations are needed in project design and implementation
Analysis of Factors and Trends
Socio-Economic-Political factors
Access and Control ProfileWho has what?
Activity Profile
Who does what?
Gender Analysis of Projects
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The tool uses participatory methodology to facilitate the definition and analysis of gender issues by the communities that are affected by them. Using the Gender Analysis Matrix will provide a unique articulation of issues as well as develop gender analysis capacity from the grassroots level up.
All requisite knowledge for gender analysis exists among the people whose lives are the subject of the analysis
Gender analysis does not require the technical expertise of those outside the community being analyzed, except as facilitators
Gender analysis cannot be transformative unless the analysis is done by the people being analyzed.
Gender Analysis Matrix
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CATEGORIES OF ANALYSIS
Unit s of Analysis #1:LABOR
Unit s of Analysis #2:TIME
Unit s of Analysis #3
Unit s of Analysis #4
Levels of Analysis/ Stakeholders
Stakeholder #1 : Men
Stakeholder #2: Women
Stakeholder #3: Community
Stakeholder #4
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Sample Gender Analysis Matrix
Dimensions of AnalysisLivelihood activities, roles, relations
Assets, Capabilities
Power and Decision-making
Needs, Priorities
Institutions, Mechanisms, Governance
WOMEN • What activities they do?
• Where?• When?
• What assets, capabilities, opportunities they have?
• What are different vulnerability?
• What are their different coping mechanism?
• What decision making do men and women participate in?
• What decision making they control?
• What constraints they face?
• What are women’s needs and priorities
• What are their aspirations for future
• How markets work differently for women and men?
• Do governance takes into account women’s concerns
MEN -do- -do- -do- -do- -do-
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Thank you