gaza blockade
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The Gaza Blockade
Global News Networks: clash of civilizations or cross cultural dialogue ?
Is the Gaza blockade presented differently by BBC, CNN and Al Jazeera ?
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Tuesday 11 April 2023
2The Gaza Blockade
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Table of Contents
IntroductionHypothesisConflict Background
Methodology TheoryFindingsAnalysis ConclusionBibliography
Tuesday 11 April 2023The Gaza Blockade
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Tuesday 11 April 2023
3The Gaza Blockade
“international news-making is inherently domestic, paradoxically local and above all national” (Lee, 2000: 295)
Gaza Blockade:(a) Represented differently
(b) Subject to differences:• Cultural• Ideological • Religious
Introduction: Hypothesis
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4The Gaza Blockade
The Gaza Strip
• Territory on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
• Borders Egypt and predominantly Israel.
• Conflict based on a land, air, and sea blockade by Israel and Egypt.
• Considered a humanitarian disaster.
Introduction: Conflict Background
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Method
Content Analysis carried out on Gaza Blockade articles run by Aljazeera, BBC and CNN
Sample: 20 articles randomly collected from the online editions appearing in the year 2010.
The articles were categorized under 5 sections.
Limitations
Content analysis in itself may not always be as reliable as it implies:
Kimberly A. Neuendorf suggests that when human coders are used in content analysis, reliability translates to "the amount of agreement or correspondence among two or more coders." (Neuendorf, 2002)
inherently reductive: some important aspects such language and writing style cannot be categorized
Methodology: Quantitative Research
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War Journalism Associated with heroism
and conflict, focuses on the emotional rather than on the rational, and satisfies news value demands. (Shinar, 2007)
“Banal Journalism “ ‘A sense of we-ness and they-
ness appears to run through all human societies.’( Elliott 1968: 268)
Most of what passes as mainstream journalism (“banal journalism”) is constructed upon the key binary of ‘us’ and ‘them’. (Allan, 2005)
Theory
{ “The people handling this crisis are men. It is men who
perpetrated this violence and men who organise the response.” (Allan, 2005: pp. 289)
If truth is the first casualty of war…it is appropriate to say that understanding is the second. (Allan and Zelizer, 2004)
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Orientalism
• Orientalism particularly valuable as a sign of European-Atlantic power over the Orient.
• It is, rather than express, a certain will or intention to understand, in some cases control, manipulate , even to incorporate what is a manifestly different world
• Edward Said’s notion of ‘Orientalism’ is particularly usefull.
Theory
According to Said (1978) Orientalism is a Western construct for “dominating, restructuring and having authority over the Orient.”
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Military Activity
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Balance of Articles
• Al-Jazeera English (AJE), a subsidiary of Qatar’s Al-Jazeera Arabic network – launched on the 15th of November 2006.
• First global English language news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East
• ‘The ‘South’ here is not meant to be geographical. It is symbolic. It is a lifestyle because in the West, you have a lot of South as well. In Britain, you have South. In Europe, you have South. The South denotes the voiceless in general’ (Helal, 2008).
Findings:Al-Jazeera
Voices in the Ar-ticles Other
SourcesInternational Org. Rep.Israel Gov. RepHamas RepNon-Israeli Politician
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Diplomatic Activity
3rd Parties
Military Activity
Balance of Articles
The BBC • Representative for the
European Continent • One of the oldest media
outlet • solid reputation for accurate
reporting.
The content analysis uncovered: • that the conflict is depicted
from a domestic point of view• Strong “us” character• Sharp depiction of the
conflict from the point of view of the British citizens that took part on the flotilla raid.
Findings: the BBC
Voices in the ArticlesNon-Israeli politician
Israel gov. representative
Individual cit-izens/public
Hamas rep-resentatives
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Findings: CNN
Military activity was the most important topic, as opposed to political
Human interest stories: timeliness, personalisation, impact, conflict, and emotion
The term ‘military occupation’ has never been mentioned Foreign politicians only quoted in a diplomatic context Articles tend to omit women, as expected In 2007, honestreporting.com accused CNN of giving
‘little or no reason for the blockade’ in its articles cxc
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Analysis
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12The Gaza Blockade
Analysis
A sense of "we-ness" lurks in the background
in-depth, interpretative approach to political details of the GAZA Blockade.
No interpretations. Short, blunt news items.
Orientalism
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Tuesday 11 April 2023
13The Gaza Blockade
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